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2016年航太活動列表

本頁使用了標題或全文手工轉換
維基百科,自由的百科全書
2016年航太活動
A landed Falcon 9 first stage on Of Course I Still Love You
Infrared view of Jupiter's southern aurora
Impact scar of Schiaparelli on the Martian surface
Scott Kelly being carried from the Soyuz TMA-18M spacecraft
2016年航太活動亮點,由上自下從左到右:
軌道發射
首次1月15日
末次12月28日
總計85
成功82
失敗2
部分失敗1
識別碼83
火箭
處女航
退役
載人太空飛行
軌道飛行次數5
載人太空飛行人數合計14
艙外活動次數4
2016年航太活動列表
← 2015
2017 →

2016年,多個新火箭發射場投入使用。

概述

[編輯]

2016年4月28日,俄羅斯為遠東的東方太空發射場舉行了落成典禮,首先進行了傳統的聯盟號2.1a發射,隨後幾年,東方太空發射場進行了擴建,以容納安加拉系列火箭。中國長征七號運載火箭於6月25日在位於海南省文昌市新建成的太空發射場成功首飛長征五號運載火箭於也於11月3日在該發射場完成首飛。在2014年發射天鵝座3號貨運飛船爆炸事故發生兩年後,Antares火箭於10月17日再次飛行,其升級版230型火箭搭載俄羅斯RD-181引擎。

在多次失敗的嘗試之後,SpaceX開始將其獵鷹9號第一節火箭降落在無人駕駛著陸船,離其長期提出的開發可重複使用運載火箭的目標更近了一步。該公司表示,回收的引擎和結構未遭受重大損壞。[1]其中一枚著陸推進器B1021於2016年4月發射,並於2017年3月再次飛行;[2]另外兩枚推進器被改裝為側置推進器,用於獵鷹重型火箭的首飛。[3]

ExoMars任務是歐洲和俄羅斯航太機構合作開展的,於3月14日發射,並於10月19日抵達火星。[4]此次飛行致力於天體生物學研究,搭載了到達火星軌道的ExoMars微量氣體軌道器和著陸時墜毀的斯基亞帕雷利EDM登陸器。計畫於2020年進行的後續飛行將搭載ExoMars羅莎琳德·富蘭克林探測器和四台靜態地面儀器。[5]與此同時,日本太空探測器「曉」號在花了五個月時間逐步調整軌道後,於五月開始對金星進行觀測[6]。行星探索活動成為焦點,美國國家航空暨太空總署的朱諾號探測器於7月4日進入木星軌道,隨後美國國家航空暨太空總署(NASA)的OSIRIS-REx探測器於9月8日發射,前往小行星101955「貝努」。最終,9月30日,羅塞塔號探測器在丘留莫夫-格拉西緬科彗星上緩慢著陸。[7][8]

載人太空飛行飛行包括斯科特·凱利英語Scott_Kelly_(astronaut)米哈伊爾·科爾尼延科於三月份返回地球,他們此前在國際太空站執行了為期一年的任務英語ISS year-long mission,這是太空人在太空站連續停留時間最長的一次。凱利還創下了美國人在太空軌道停留時間最長的紀錄。2016年發射了四次國際太空站探險任務,編號為47至50,第一次探險任務使用最後一艘聯盟號TMA-M飛船,後三次探險任務將使用現代化的聯盟號MS飛船。第50次遠征將持續到2017年。進行了多次艙外活動以維護國際太空站的外部。實驗性的BEAM充氣居住艙於4月16日安裝到國際太空站,並於5月28日展開,開始為期兩年的在軌測試。與此同時,中國於9月發射了新的天宮二號空間實驗室,景海鵬陳冬隨後搭乘神舟十一號,於10月19日至11月17日期間首次訪問了該實驗室一個月。

軌道發射

[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯
發射時間 (UTC) 運載火箭 火箭編號 發射場 發射服務提供商英語List of launch service providers
酬載
(⚀ = 立方星)
載荷使用者 軌道 功能 再入時間 (UTC) 結果
附註

January

[編輯]
15 January
16:57:04
中國 Long March 3B/E 中國 Xichang LC-3 中國 CASC
白俄羅斯 Belintersat 1 Belarus Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
17 January
18:42:18
美國 Falcon 9 v1.1 F9-021 美國 Vandenberg SLC-4E 美國 SpaceX
美國 Jason-3 NOAA / EUMETSAT Low Earth Earth observation 在軌 Operational
Final flight of the standard Falcon 9 v1.1, future flights will use the upgraded Falcon 9 Full Thrust. Falcon 9's first stage performed a soft landing on an autonomous spaceport drone ship in the Pacific Ocean, but the failure of one landing leg to lock into position caused it to fall over and break apart.[9]
20 January
04:01:00
印度 PSLV-XL C31 印度 Satish Dhawan SLP 印度 ISRO
印度 IRNSS-1E ISRO Geosynchronous Navigation 在軌 Operational
27 January
23:20:48
法國 Ariane 5 ECA VA228 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
美國 Intelsat 29e Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Spacecraft failure in 2019[10]
29 January
22:20:09
俄羅斯 Proton-M / Briz-M 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄羅斯 美國 International Launch Services
法國 Eutelsat 9B Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
Carries the first laser communication node for the European Data Relay System

February

[編輯]
1 February
07:29:04
中國 Long March 3C/E / YZ-1 中國 Xichang LC-3 中國 CASC
中國 BeiDou M3-S CNSA Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Operational
5 February
13:38:00
美國 Atlas V 401 AV-057 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 USA-266 (GPS IIF-12) US Air Force Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Operational
7 February
00:21:07
俄羅斯 Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat 俄羅斯 Plesetsk Site 43/4 俄羅斯 RVSN RF
俄羅斯 Kosmos 2514 (GLONASS-M 751) VKS Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Operational
7 February
00:30
朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Unha-3 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Sohae 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 NADA
朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4[11] NADA Low Earth Earth observation 30 June 2023[12] Successful
10 February
11:40:32
美國 Delta IV M+ (5,2) 美國 Vandenberg SLC-6 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 USA-267 / Topaz-4[13] NRO Retrograde LEO Reconnaissance 在軌 Operational
NROL-45 mission. Spacecraft launched in a retrograde orbit.
16 February
17:57:40
俄羅斯 Rokot / Briz-KM 俄羅斯 Plesetsk Site 133/3 法國 / 俄羅斯 Eurockot
Sentinel-3A ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
17 February
08:45:00
日本 H-IIA 202 F30 日本 Tanegashima LA-Y1 日本 MHI
日本 美國 Hitomi (ASTRO-H) JAXA / NASA Low Earth X-ray astronomy 在軌 Spacecraft failure
日本 ChubuSat-2 Nagoya University Low Earth Radiation / Amateur radio 在軌 Operational
日本 ChubuSat-3 MHI Low Earth Remote sensing / Space debris monitor 在軌 Operational
日本 Horyu-4 Kyushu Institute of Technology Low Earth Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
Hitomi malfunctioned after initial checkouts, and is believed to have lost attitude control and snapped off its solar array. 28 April, JAXA has abandoned efforts to recover the spacecraft.[14][15]

March

[編輯]
4 March
23:35:00
美國 Falcon 9 Full Thrust F9-022 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 美國 SpaceX
盧森堡 SES-9 SES S.A. Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
High-velocity landing test ended with a hard landing on the drone ship Of Course I Still Love You and destruction of the first stage.
9 March
05:20:07
法國 Ariane 5 ECA VA229 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
法國 Eutelsat 65 West A Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
10 March
10:31:00
印度 PSLV-XL C32 印度 Satish Dhawan SLP 印度 ISRO
印度 IRNSS-1F ISRO Geosynchronous Navigation 在軌 Operational
13 March
18:56:00
俄羅斯 Soyuz-2.1b 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 31/6 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Resurs-P No.3 Roscosmos Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 17 October 2023[16] Partial spacecraft failure[17]
The launch succeeded on its second attempt after a rare pad abort the day before.
14 March
09:31:42[5]
俄羅斯 Proton-M / Briz-M 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄羅斯 Khrunichev
/ 俄羅斯 ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter ESA Areocentric orbit Mars orbiter 在軌 Operational
Schiaparelli EDM lander ESA TMI to Martian Surface Mars lander 19 October 2016 Landing failure
18 March
21:26:38
俄羅斯 Soyuz-FG 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Soyuz TMA-20M Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 47/48 7 September 2016
01:13
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Final flight of the Soyuz TMA-M variant
23 March
03:05:52
美國 Atlas V 401 AV-064 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 Cygnus CRS OA-6
S.S. Rick Husband
Orbital ATK / NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 22 June 2016
13:29
Successful
菲律賓 日本 Diwata-1 DOST / TU Low Earth Earth observation 6 April 2020[19] Successful
美國 Flock-2e' × 20 Planet Labs Low Earth Earth observation First: 3 October 2017[20]
Last: 10 November 2018[21]
Successful
美國 Lemur-2 × 9 Spire Global Low Earth Earth observation First: 27 February 2017[22]
Last: 7 April 2017[23]
8 successful, 1 failed to deploy
Anomaly in the mixture ratio control valve assembly, causing the Atlas V booster engine to cut off five seconds early, resulting in a longer-than-usual Centaur orbital insertion burn.[18]
Cubesats deployed from the ISS and the Cygnus spacecraft at a later date.
24 March
09:42:00
俄羅斯 Soyuz-2.1a 俄羅斯 Plesetsk Site 43/4 俄羅斯 RVSN RF
俄羅斯 Kosmos 2515 (Bars-M 2L) VKS Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 在軌 Operational
29 March
20:11:04
中國 Long March 3A 中國 Xichang LC-2 中國 CASC
中國 BeiDou IGSO-6 CNSA IGSO Navigation 在軌 Operational
31 March
16:23:57
俄羅斯 Soyuz-2.1a 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 31/6 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Progress MS-02 / 63P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 14 October 2016
13:39
Successful
俄羅斯 Tomsk-TPU-120 Tomsk Polytechnic University Low Earth Technology demonstration 20 October 2019[25] Successful
Tomsk-TPU-120 is a CubeSat deployed into orbit from ISS by Russian astronauts spacewalk on 17 August 2017.[24]

April

[編輯]
5 April
17:38:04
中國 Long March 2D 中國 Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2 中國 CASC
中國 Shijian 10 CAS Low Earth Microgravity Science 18 April 2016
08:30
Successful
8 April
20:43:31
美國 Falcon 9 Full Thrust F9-023 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 美國 SpaceX
美國 SpaceX CRS-8 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 11 May 2016
18:31
Successful
美國 BEAM Bigelow Aerospace / NASA Low Earth (ISS) Technology demonstration / ISS Assembly 在軌 Operational
First stage landed successfully on drone ship Of Course I Still Love You for the first time, the second successful landing overall
25 April
21:02:13
俄羅斯 Soyuz-STA / Fregat 法國 Kourou ELS 法國 Arianespace
Sentinel-1B ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Spacecraft failure[26]
法國 MICROSCOPE CNES Low Earth (SSO) Astrophysics 在軌 Operational
丹麥 AAUSAT-4 Aalborg Low Earth (SSO) AIS ship tracking 8 September 2023[27] Successful
義大利 e-st@r-II Polytechnic University of Turin Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 9 May 2024[28] Successful
比利時 OUFTI-1 Liège Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 14 March 2024[29] Successful
28 April
02:01:21
俄羅斯 Soyuz-2.1a / Volga 俄羅斯 Vostochny Site 1S 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Mikhailo Lomonosov MSU Low Earth (SSO) Gamma-ray astronomy 16 December 2023[30] Satellite malfunction
俄羅斯 Aist-2D SSAU Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 15 April 2024[31] Successful
俄羅斯 SamSat 218 SSAU Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 4 March 2022[32] Spacecraft failure
First orbital flight from Vostochny Cosmodrome.
28 April
07:20:00
印度 PSLV-XL C33 印度 Satish Dhawan FLP 印度 ISRO
印度 IRNSS-1G ISRO Geosynchronous Navigation 在軌 Operational

May

[編輯]
6 May
05:21:00
美國 Falcon 9 Full Thrust F9-024 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 美國 SpaceX
日本 JCSAT-14 JSAT Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
First stage landed on Of Course I Still Love You drone ship, the third successful landing and the first landing with a payload to geostationary transfer orbit.
15 May
02:43
中國 Long March 2D 中國 Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2 中國 CASC
中國 Yaogan 30 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 在軌 Operational
24 May
08:48:43
俄羅斯 Soyuz-STB / Fregat 法國 Kourou ELS 法國 Arianespace
Galileo FOC 10 ESA Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Operational
Galileo FOC 11 ESA Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Operational
27 May
21:39:00
美國 Falcon 9 Full Thrust F9-025 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 美國 SpaceX
泰國 Thaicom 8 Thaicom Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
First stage landed on Of Course I Still Love You drone ship, the fourth successful landing and the second landing with a payload to geostationary transfer orbit.
29 May
08:44:35
俄羅斯 Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat 俄羅斯 Plesetsk Site 43/4 俄羅斯 RVSN RF
俄羅斯 Kosmos 2516 (GLONASS-M 753) VKS Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Spacecraft failure
Kosmos 2516 experienced a depressurization event in November 2020, which permanently disabled the satellite after four years in operation. It was replaced by GLONASS-K 705.[33]
30 May
03:17:04
中國 Long March 4B 中國 Taiyuan LC-9 中國 CASC
中國 Ziyuan III-02 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
阿根廷 ÑuSat-1/-2
(Aleph-1 constellation)[34]
Satellogic Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational

June

[編輯]
4 June
14:00:13
俄羅斯 Rokot / Briz-KM 俄羅斯 Plesetsk Site 133/3 俄羅斯 RVSN RF
俄羅斯 Kosmos 2517 (Geo-IK-2 No.12) VKS Low Earth Geodesy 在軌 Operational
9 June
07:10:00
俄羅斯 Proton-M / Briz-M 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄羅斯 美國 International Launch Services
美國 Intelsat 31 / DLA-2 Intelsat / DirecTV Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
11 June
17:51:00
美國 Delta IV Heavy 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-37B 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 USA-268 (Orion 9) NRO Geosynchronous Reconnaissance 在軌 Operational
NROL-37 mission.
12 June
15:30:04
中國 Long March 3C/E 中國 Xichang LC-3 中國 CASC
中國 BeiDou G7 CNSA Geosynchronous Navigation 在軌 Operational
15 June
14:29:00
美國 Falcon 9 Full Thrust F9-026 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 美國 SpaceX
法國 Eutelsat 117 West B Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
百慕達 ABS-2A ABS Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
Satellites were successfully delivered to orbit, first stage landing on drone ship failed.
18 June
21:38:39
法國 Ariane 5 ECA VA230 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
美國 EchoStar 18 EchoStar Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
印度尼西亞 BRIsat BRI Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
22 June
03:56:00
印度 PSLV-XL C34 印度 Satish Dhawan SLP 印度 ISRO
印度 Cartosat-2C ISRO Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
德國 BIROS DLR Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
加拿大 GHGSat-D (Claire) GHGSat Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
印度尼西亞 LAPAN-A3 LAPAN Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
加拿大 M3MSat CSA Low Earth (SSO) Communications 在軌 Operational
美國 SkySat-C1 Terra Bella Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
德國 BeeSat 4 TU Berlin Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
美國 Flock-2p × 12 Planet Labs Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation First: 20 October 2022
Last: 28 March 2023[35]
Successful
印度 SathyabamaSat Sathyabama University Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
印度 Swayam College of Engineering, Pune Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
24 June
14:30:00
美國 Atlas V 551 AV-063 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 MUOS-5 US Navy GSO Communications 在軌 Operational in off-nominal but usable orbit[36]
25 June
12:00:07
中國 Long March 7 / YZ-1A Y1 中國 Wenchang LC-2 中國 CASC
中國 Next-generation crew capsule scale model CMSA Low Earth Technology demonstration
Flight test
26 June 2016
07:41
Successful
中國 Star of Aoxiang NPU Low Earth Technology demonstration 29 September 2016 Successful
中國 Aolong-1 CALT Low Earth Technology demonstration 27 August 2016 Successful
中國 Tiange-1 Low Earth Technology demonstration 27 August 2016 Successful
中國 Tiange-2 Low Earth Technology demonstration 24 August 2016 Successful
Maiden flight of the Long March 7 rocket and the first launch from the Wenchang Satellite Launch Center.[37]
29 June
03:21:04
中國 Long March 4B 中國 Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2 中國 CASC
中國 Shijian 16-02 CNSA Low Earth Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational

July

[編輯]
7 July
01:36:40
俄羅斯 Soyuz-FG 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Soyuz MS-01 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 48/49 30 October 2016
03:58
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Maiden flight of the modernized Soyuz MS spacecraft variant.
16 July
21:41:45
俄羅斯 Soyuz-U 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 31/6 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Progress MS-03 / 64P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 1 February 2017
18:24
Successful
18 July
04:45:29
美國 Falcon 9 Full Thrust F9-027 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 美國 SpaceX
美國 SpaceX CRS-9 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 26 August
15:47
Successful
Delivering the IDA-2 segment of the NASA Docking System. Second successful return to launch site and vertical landing of a first stage, demonstrated as part of a controlled descent test.
28 July
12:37:00
美國 Atlas V 421 AV-065 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 USA-269 (Quasar NROL-61) NRO Geosynchronous[38] Communications 在軌 Operational

August

[編輯]
5 August
16:22:04
中國 Long March 3B 中國 Xichang LC-3 中國 CASC
中國 Tiantong-1 01 CAST Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
9 August
22:55:25
中國 Long March 4C 中國 Taiyuan LC-9 中國 CASC
中國 Gaofen-3 CAST Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
14 August
05:26:00
美國 Falcon 9 Full Thrust F9-028 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 美國 SpaceX
日本 JCSAT-16 JSAT Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
15 August
17:40:04
中國 Long March 2D 中國 Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2 中國 CASC
中國 Quantum Experiments At Space Scale (QUESS)[39] CAS Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
中國 Lixing-1 CAS Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 19 August 2016[40] Spacecraft failure
西班牙 3Cat 2 UPC Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 18 December 2023[41] Successful
19 August
04:52:00
美國 Delta IV M+ (4,2) 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-37B 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 AFSPC 6 / USA-270 / GSSAP #3 US Air Force Geosynchronous Space surveillance 在軌 Operational
美國 AFSPC 6 / USA-271 / GSSAP #4 US Air Force Geosynchronous Space surveillance 在軌 Operational
24 August
22:16:01
法國 Ariane 5 ECA VA232 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
美國 Intelsat 33e Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational[42]
美國 Intelsat 36 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
31 August
18:50:00
中國 Long March 4C 中國 Taiyuan LC-9 中國 CASC
中國 Gaofen-10 CAST Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 31 August 2016 Launch failure

September

[編輯]
3 September
07:00–09:00 (scheduled)[44]
美國 Falcon 9 Full Thrust 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 美國 SpaceX
以色列 AMOS-6 Spacecom Planned: Geosynchronous Communications N/A Destroyed prior to launch[43]
Launch pad explosion destroyed both the rocket and the satellite two days prior to scheduled launch, on 2016年9月1日 13:07 (UTC) (2016-09-01T13:07Z).[43]
8 September
11:20:00
印度 GSLV Mk II F05 印度 Satish Dhawan SLP 印度 ISRO
印度 INSAT-3DR ISRO Geosynchronous Meteorology 在軌 Operational
8 September
23:05:00
美國 Atlas V 411 AV-067 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 OSIRIS-REx NASA Heliocentric Asteroid sample return 在軌 Operational
Reached asteroid Bennu in December 2018. Scheduled to return to Earth in September 2023.
13 September
14:38:00
以色列 Shavit-2 以色列 Palmachim 以色列 Israel Aerospace Industries
以色列 Ofeq 11 Israel Defense Forces Low Earth Reconnaissance 在軌 Satellite malfunction[45]
15 September
14:04:12
中國 Long March 2F/G T2 中國 Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-1 中國 CNSA
中國 Tiangong-2 CMSA Low Earth Space station 19 July 2019[46]
13:06
Successful
中國 BanXing 2 SAST Low Earth Technology demonstration 15 July 2019[47] Successful
Second Chinese space laboratory, BanXing 2 deployed 22 October
16 September
01:43:35
義大利 Vega 法國 Kourou ELV 法國 Arianespace
秘魯 PeruSat-1 Peruvian Armed Forces Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 在軌 Operational
美國 SkySat × 4 Terra Bella Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
26 September
03:42:00
印度 PSLV-G C35 印度 Satish Dhawan FLP 印度 ISRO
印度 ScatSat-1 ISRO Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology 在軌 Successful[48]
阿爾及利亞 Alsat-1B Algerian Space Agency Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
阿爾及利亞 Alsat-2B Algerian Space Agency Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
美國 Blacksky Pathfinder-1 BlackSky Global Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
印度 Pratham IIT Bombay Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
印度 PISat PES University Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
阿爾及利亞 Alsat-1N Algerian Space Agency Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
加拿大 CanX-7 UTIAS Space Flight Laboratory Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 21 April 2022[49] Successful
Final launch of the original Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-G configuration with S9 solid rocket motors.

October

[編輯]
5 October
20:30
法國 Ariane 5 ECA VA231 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
澳大利亞 NBN-Co 1B / Sky Muster II NBN Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
印度 GSAT-18 ISRO Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
16 October
23:30
中國 Long March 2F Y11 中國 Jiuquan LA-4 / SLS-1 中國 CASC
中國 Shenzhou 11 CMSA Low Earth Docking with Tiangong-2 18 November 2016
06:15
Successful
Crewed flight with two astronauts[50]
17 October
23:45
美國 Antares 230 美國 MARS Pad 0A 美國 Orbital ATK
美國 Cygnus CRS OA-5 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 27 November 2016
23:36
Successful
美國 Lemur-2 × 4 Spire Global Low Earth Earth observation 在軌 Operational
CubeSats were deployed from the ISS and Cygnus spacecraft at a later date.
19 October
08:05
俄羅斯 Soyuz-FG 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 31/6 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Soyuz MS-02 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 49/50 10 April 2017
11:20
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts

November

[編輯]
2 November
06:20:00
日本 H-IIA 202 F31 日本 Tanegashima LA-Y1 日本 MHI
日本 Himawari 9 JMA Geosynchronous Meteorology 在軌 Operational
3 November
12:42
中國 Long March 5 中國 Wenchang LC-1 中國 CASC
中國 Shijian 17 CNSA Geosynchronous Technology demonstration / Space rendezvous 在軌 Operational
Maiden flight of the Long March 5 rocket. Chinese state media claims Shijian-17 is a test of electric propulsion, though this is disputed by outside analysts tracking the satellite's unusual space rendezvous movements.[51][52]
9 November
23:42[53]
中國 Long March 11 中國 Jiuquan LS-95A 中國 CASC
中國 XPNAV 1[54] CAS Low Earth (SSO) X-ray pulsar-based navigation 在軌 Operational
中國 Xiaoxiang 1[55] Changsha Gaoxinqu Tianyi Research Institute Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
中國 Lishui 1-01 Zhejiang LiTong Electronic Technology Co. Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
中國 Pina-2 × 2 Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
11 November
18:30
美國 Atlas V 401 AV-062 美國 Vandenberg SLC-3E 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 WorldView-4 DigitalGlobe Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 30 November 2021
05:20[57]
Spacecraft failure
美國 CELTEE 1 M42 Technologies Low Earth (SSO) Calibration 在軌 Operational
美國 Prometheus-2 × 2 LANL Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
美國 AeroCube 8 × 2 Aerospace Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
美國 OptiCube 4 NASA Orbital Debris Program Office Low Earth (SSO) Calibration 在軌 Operational
美國 RAVAN JHU/APL Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration / Earth observation 在軌 Operational
CubeSats deployed after WorldView-4 separation as part of NRO-sponsored ENTERPRISE mission. WorldView-4 experienced a failure in one of its control moment gyroscopes in January 2019, making the spacecraft unrecoverable.[56]
11 November
23:14
中國 Long March 2D 中國 Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2 中國 CASC
中國 Yunhai-1 SAST Low Earth Earth observation 在軌 Operational
17 November
13:06:48
法國 Ariane 5 ES VA233 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
Galileo FOC 7 ESA Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Operational
Galileo FOC 12 ESA Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Operational
Galileo FOC 13 ESA Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Operational
Galileo FOC 14 ESA Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Operational
First Galileo launch with Ariane 5 (8th overall), carrying Antonianna, Lisa, Kimberley, and Tijmen.
17 November
20:20:14
俄羅斯 Soyuz-FG 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Soyuz MS-03 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 50/51/52 2 June 2017 Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Peggy Whitson's mission was prolonged over Expedition 52 until September 2017.
19 November
23:42:00
美國 Atlas V 541 AV-069 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 GOES-R (GOES-16) NASA / NOAA Geosynchronous Meteorology 在軌 Operational
22 November
15:24:04
中國 Long March 3C/E 中國 Xichang LC-2 中國 CASC
中國 Tianlian I-04 CNSA Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational

December

[編輯]
1 December
14:52
俄羅斯 Soyuz-U 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Progress MS-04 / 65P Roscosmos Planned: Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 1 December Launch failure
5 December
13:51:44
義大利 Vega 法國 Kourou ELV 法國 Arianespace
土耳其 Göktürk-1 Turkish Armed Forces Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 在軌 Operational
7 December
04:54
印度 PSLV-XL C36 印度 Satish Dhawan FLP 印度 ISRO
印度 Resourcesat-2A ISRO Low Earth (SSO) Remote sensing 在軌 Operational
7 December
23:53
美國 Delta IV M+ (5,4) 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-37B 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 USA-272 / WGS-8 US Air Force Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
9 December
13:26:47
日本 H-IIB F6 日本 Tanegashima LA-Y2 日本 MHI
日本 HTV-6 JAXA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 5 February 2017
15:06
Successful
日本 EGG UTokyo Low Earth Technology demonstration / Re-entry Demonstration 15 May 2017[63] Successful
義大利 TuPOD GAUSS Srl Low Earth TubeSat Deployment / Amateur radio 8 September 2017[64] Successful
新加坡/日本 AOBA-VELOX 3 NTU / Kyutech Low Earth Technology demonstration 1 November 2018[65] Successful
日本 STARS C Kagawa University Low Earth Technology demonstration 3 March 2018[66] Successful
日本 FREEDOM Nakashimada Engineering Works / Tohoku University Low Earth Technology demonstration 5 February 2017[67] Successful
日本 ITF-2 University of Tsukuba Low Earth Technology demonstration 3 January 2019[68] Successful
日本 Waseda-SAT 3 Waseda University Low Earth Technology demonstration 6 October 2018[69] Successful
美國 OSNSAT Open Space Network Low Earth Technology demonstration 11 January 2018[70] Successful
巴西 Tancredo-1 Escola Municipal Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves/INPE Low Earth Technology demonstration 18 October 2017[71] Successful
美國 TechEdSat 5 SJSU/UI Low Earth Technology demonstration 29 July 2017[72] Successful
美國 Lemur-2 × 4 Spire Global Low Earth AIS First: 15 April 2018[73]
Last: 5 December 2018[74]
Successful
CubeSats to be deployed at a later date. Tancredo-1 and OSNSAT are carried inside TuPOD and to be deployed from it. STARS-C was deployed on 19 December 2016. ITF-2, WASEDA-SAT3, FREEDOM, EGG, AOBA-Velox III, and TuPOD were deployed on 16 January 2017.[58] Tancredo-1 and OSNSAT were released from TuPOD on 19 January 2017.[59] Lemur-2 and TechEdSat-5 were deployed on 6–7 March 2017.[60][61][62]
10 December
16:11:00
中國 Long March 3B 中國 Xichang LC-3 中國 CASC
中國 Fengyun 4A CMA Geosynchronous Meteorology 在軌 Operational
15 December
13:37:21
美國 Pegasus-XL 美國 Stargazer, Cape Canaveral 美國 Orbital ATK
美國 CYGNSS × 8 NASA Low Earth Meteorology 在軌 Operational
18 December
19:13
美國 Atlas V 431 AV-071 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 EchoStar 19 HughesNet Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
20 December
11:00
日本 Epsilon Epsilon-2[75] 日本 Uchinoura 日本 JAXA
日本 Arase (ERG) JAXA Medium Earth (elliptical) Magnetospherics 在軌 Operational
21 December
19:22
中國 Long March 2D 中國 Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2 中國 CASC
中國 TanSat[76] CAS Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
中國 Spark × 2 CAS Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
21 December
20:30
法國 Ariane 5 ECA VA234 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
巴西 Star One D1 Star One Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
日本 JCSAT-15 JSAT Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
28 December
03:23:56
中國 Long March 2D 中國 Taiyuan 中國 CASC
中國 SuperView / Gaojing-1 01 Beijing Space View Technology Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Partial launch failure;
Operational
中國 SuperView / Gaojing-1 02 Beijing Space View Technology Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Partial launch failure;
Operational
中國 Bayi Kepu 1 China Association for Science and Technology Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 18 February 2017[78] Partial launch failure;
Successful
Launch vehicle problem deployed satellites in a lower than planned orbit. SuperView satellites raising their own orbits, but CubeSats cannot so may have short lifespan.[77]

次軌道飛行

[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯
發射時間 (UTC) 運載火箭 火箭編號 發射場 發射服務提供商英語List of launch service providers
酬載
(⚀ = 立方星)
載荷使用者 軌道 功能 再入時間 (UTC) 結果
附註
15 January
03:00:00
日本 S-310 日本 Uchinoura 日本 JAXA
日本 TPU / Tohoku University / Tokai University / KU / JAXA Suborbital Ionospheric research 15 January Successful
Apogee: 161公里(100英里)[79]
22 January 美國 New Shepard 美國 Corn Ranch 美國 Blue Origin
美國 New Shepard crew capsule Blue Origin Suborbital Test flight 22 January Successful
Apogee: 101.7公里(63.2英里)[80]
23 January
08:30
巴西 VSB-30 瑞典 Esrange 歐洲聯盟 EuroLaunch
德國 / TEXUS-53 DLR / ESA Suborbital Microgravity 23 January Successful
Apogee: 252公里(157英里)
28 January 美國 SRALT? 美國 C-17, Pacific Ocean 美國 MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 28 January Successful
Apogee: 300公里(190英里), CTV-02+ target
28 January 美國 Ground Based Interceptor 美國 Vandenberg LF-23 美國 MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM test 28 January Successful
CTV-02+, successful test flight, the CE-II kill vehicle performed scripted maneuvers to demonstrate performance of alternate divert thrusters. Upon entering terminal phase, the kill vehicle initiated a planned burn sequence to evaluate the alternate divert thrusters until fuel was exhausted, intentionally precluding an intercept.
2 February
21:09
巴西 VS-30 瑞典 Esrange 瑞典 SSC
瑞典 SPIDER/LEEWAVES SSC Suborbital Technology 2 February Successful
Apogee: 138公里(86英里)
21 February
07:34
美國 LGM-30G Minuteman III 美國 Vandenberg LF-09 美國 US Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Test flight 21 February Successful
GT217GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ?
22 February
04:15
加拿大 Black Brant IX 美國 White Sands 美國 NASA
美國 CHESS-2 LASP Suborbital Astronomy 22 February Successful
Apogee: 309公里(192英里)
26 February
07:01
美國 LGM-30G Minuteman III 美國 Vandenberg LF-10 美國 US Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Test flight 26 February Successful
GT218GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ?
1 March
14:50
美國 Terrier Malemute 美國 Wallops Island 美國 NASA
美國 MUSIC West Virginia University Suborbital Technology experiments 1 March Successful
Apogee: ~185 kilometers (115 mi)[81]
7 March
12:05
美國 Terrier Orion 美國 Wallops Island 美國 NASA
美國 SOAREX-9 NASA Ames Suborbital Technology experiment 7 March Successful
美國 RadPC Montana State University Suborbital Technology experiment 7 March Successful
美國 VIP Controlled Dynamics Suborbital Technology experiment 7 March Successful
Apogee: ~159 kilometers (99 mi)
7 March 印度 K-4 印度 Visakhapatnam 印度 Indian Navy
Indian Navy Suborbital Missile test 7 March Successful
Apogee: 500 km?
8 March 伊朗Shahab-3 伊朗Iran 伊朗IRGC
IRGC Suborbital Missile test 8 March Successful
Apogee: ~150公里(93英里)
14 March 印度 Agni-I 印度 Integrated Test Range 印度 IDRDL
IDRDL Suborbital Missile test 14 March Successful
Apogee: ~500公里(310英里)?
14 March 美國 UGM-133 Trident II D5 美國 Submarine, ETR 美國 US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 14 March Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52
15 March 美國 UGM-133 Trident II D5 美國 Submarine, ETR 美國 US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 15 March Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52
16 March 美國 UGM-133 Trident II D5 美國 Submarine, ETR 美國 US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 16 March Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52
31 March 印度 K-4 印度 INS Arihant 印度 Indian Navy
Indian Navy Suborbital Missile test 31 March Successful
First K-4 launch from a submarine[82]
2 April
15:18
美國 New Shepard 美國 Corn Ranch 美國 Blue Origin
美國 New Shepard crew capsule Blue Origin Suborbital Test flight 2 April Successful
美國 BORE Southwest Research Institute Suborbital Microgravity experiment 2 April Successful
美國 COLLIDE University of Central Florida Suborbital Microgravity experiment 2 April Successful
Apogee: 103.8 kilometers (64.5 mi). Third successful booster landing of the same rocket.[83]
19 April
06:41
俄羅斯 UR-100NU 俄羅斯 Yasniy 俄羅斯 RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 19 April Successful
Yu-71 Hypersonic Vehicle Test, Apogee: 1,000公里(620英里)?
26 April
17:00
中華人民共和國 Tianying 3F 中華人民共和國 Hainan 中華人民共和國 CNSA
中華人民共和國 Kunpeng-1B CSSAR Suborbital Environment monitoring 26 April Successful
Apogee: 316公里(196英里)
18 May
00:45
巴西美國 VS-30/Improved Orion 澳大利亞 Woomera Test Range 澳大利亞 DSTO
澳大利亞 HiFire-5B DSTO Suborbital Technology 18 May Successful
Apogee: 278公里(173英里)
18 May
07:02
美國 MRBM-T3 美國 Kauai 美國 MDA
MDA Suborbital Radar target 18 May Successful
Medium Range Ballistic Missile Target, Aegis radar target FTX-21, apogee: 300公里(190英里)?
25 May 美國 RIM-161 Standard Missile 3-IB 美國「Hopper」號DDG-70 (6), Kauai 美國US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 25 May Successful
Apogee: 100公里(62英里)?
26 May 美國 RIM-161 Standard Missile 3-IB 美國「Hopper」號DDG-70 (6), Kauai 美國US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 26 May Successful
Apogee: 100公里(62英里)?
1 June
19:00
加拿大 Black Brant IX 美國 White Sands 美國 NASA
美國 EVE CU Boulder Suborbital SDO calibration 1 June Successful
Apogee: 290公里(180英里)
19 June
14:35
美國 New Shepard 美國 Corn Ranch 美國 Blue Origin
美國 New Shepard crew capsule Blue Origin Suborbital Test flight 19 June Successful
美國 Capillary Flow Experiment Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Suborbital Microgravity experiment 19 June Successful
美國 EITIC Louisiana State University Suborbital Microgravity experiment 19 June Successful
德國 MEDEA Braunschweig University of Technology Suborbital Microgravity experiment 19 June Successful
Apogee: 101 kilometers (62.8 mi). Fourth successful booster landing of the same rocket.
21 June[84]
23:03
朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Hwasong-10 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Wonsan Airport 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Korean People's Army Strategic Force
朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Korean People's Army Strategic Force Suborbital Missile test 21 June Successful
Apogee: 1,400公里(870英里).
24 June
10:06
美國 Terrier Improved Orion 美國 Wallops Island 美國 NASA
美國 RockOn/RockSat-C CU Boulder Suborbital Student experiments 24 June Successful
Apogee: ~119公里(74英里)
30 June
09:43
美國 Improved Malemute 挪威 Andøya 挪威 Andøya
挪威 MaxiDusty 1 Oslo/Andøya Suborbital Atmospheric Science 30 June Successful
Apogee: 115公里(71英里)
? June 美國UGM-133 Trident II D5 英國「Vengeance」號S31 (6) 英國 Royal Navy
Royal Navy Suborbital Missile test ? June Launch failure
1 July
07:18
法國 M51 法國 Le Triomphant, Audierne Bay 法國 DGA/Marine nationale
DGA/Marine nationale Suborbital Test flight 1 July Successful
Apogee: 1,000公里(620英里)?
8 July
13:01
美國 Improved Malemute 挪威 Andøya 挪威 Andøya
挪威 MaxiDusty 1b Oslo/Andøya Suborbital Atmospheric Science 8 July Successful
Apogee: 117公里(73英里)
11 July 伊朗 Khorramshahr 伊朗 Semnan 伊朗 AFIRI
AFIRI Suborbital Missile test 11 July Launch failure
19 July
04:05
美國 Terrier Improved Orion 瑞典 Esrange 德國 DLR
德國 ROTEX-T DLR Suborbital Technology 19 July Successful
Apogee: 182公里(113英里)
27 July
18:26
加拿大 Black Brant IX 美國 White Sands 美國 NASA
美國 Hi-C NASA/MSFC Suborbital Solar research 27 July Spacecraft failure
Apogee: 250公里(160英里)
17 August
11:33
美國 Terrier-Improved Malemute 美國 Wallops Island 美國 NASA
美國 Rocksat-X University of Colorado Boulder Suborbital Student Research 17 August Successful
Apogee: ~153公里(95英里)
23 August[84]
20:29
朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Pukguksong-1 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Sinpo Shipyard 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Korean People's Army Strategic Force
朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Korean People's Army Strategic Force Suborbital Missile test 23 August Successful
Apogee: about 550公里(340英里), according to South Korean military.
25 August 俄羅斯 RS-24 Yars? 俄羅斯 Plesetsk 俄羅斯 RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 25 August Launch failure
31 August 美國 UGM-133 Trident II D5 美國「Maryland」號SSBN-738 (6), ETR 美國 US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 31 August Successful
5 September[84]
03:13
朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Hwasong-9 (Scud-ER) 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Hwangju 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Korean People's Army Strategic Force
朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Korean People's Army Strategic Force Suborbital Missile test 5 September Successful
Apogee: about 200公里(120英里).[85] 1 of 3.
5 September[84]
03:13
朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Hwasong-9 (Scud-ER) 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Hwangju 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Korean People's Army Strategic Force
朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Korean People's Army Strategic Force Suborbital Missile test 5 September Successful
Apogee: about 200公里(120英里).[85] 2 of 3.
5 September[84]
03:13
朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Hwasong-9 (Scud-ER) 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Hwangju 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Korean People's Army Strategic Force
朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Korean People's Army Strategic Force Suborbital Missile test 5 September Successful
Apogee: about 200公里(120英里).[85] 3 of 3.
5 September
09:10
美國 LGM-30G Minuteman III 美國 Vandenberg LF-04 美國 US Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Test flight 5 September Successful
GT219GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ?
9 September 俄羅斯 RS-12M Topol 俄羅斯 Plesetsk 俄羅斯 RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 9 September Successful
27 September 俄羅斯 RSM-56 Bulava 俄羅斯 K-535 Yury Dolgorukiy, White Sea 俄羅斯 VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 27 September Successful
27 September 俄羅斯 RSM-56 Bulava 俄羅斯 K-535 Yury Dolgorukiy, White Sea 俄羅斯 VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 27 September Launch failure?
The second missile self destroyed "after completing the first phase of the flight", maybe intentional. It appears to be a normal practice in salvo launches. The missile probably carried mockups instead of working upper stages and warheads to save money.
5 October
15:37
美國 New Shepard 美國 Corn Ranch 美國 Blue Origin
美國 New Shepard crew capsule Blue Origin Suborbital Test flight 5 October Successful
In-flight escape test 45 seconds after launch. Booster unexpectedly survived and reached an apogee of 93.7公里(58.2英里) before completing its fifth successful landing.
12 October 俄羅斯 R-29R Volna 俄羅斯 K-433 Svyatoy Georgiy Pobedonosets, Sea of Okhotsk 俄羅斯 VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 12 October Successful
12 October 俄羅斯 R-29RMU Sineva 俄羅斯 K-407 Novomoskovsk, Barents Sea 俄羅斯 VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 12 October Successful
12 October 俄羅斯 RS-12M Topol 俄羅斯 Plesetsk 俄羅斯 RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 12 October Successful
25 October
08:58
俄羅斯 UR-100NU 俄羅斯 Yasniy 俄羅斯 RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 25 October Successful
Yu-71 Hypersonic Vehicle Test, Apogee: 1,000公里(620英里)?
22 November 印度 Agni-I 印度 Integrated Test Range 印度 IDRDL
IDRDL Suborbital Missile test 22 November Successful
Apogee: ~500公里(310英里)?
6 December 伊朗Shahab-3 伊朗Iran 伊朗IRGC
IRGC Suborbital Missile test 6 December Successful
Apogee: ~150公里(93英里)
8 December 中華人民共和國 B-611? 中華人民共和國 Shuangchengzi 中華人民共和國PLA
PLA Suborbital ABM target 8 December Successful
Target
8 December 中華人民共和國 SC-19 中華人民共和國 Korla 中華人民共和國 PLA
PLA Suborbital ABM test 8 December Successful
Interceptor
15 December 美國 MRBM FTM-27 美國 Kauai 美國 MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 15 December Successful
FTM-27 target, successfully intercepted by two SM-6 missiles in low altitude
15 December
16:15
美國 Zombie (ATACMS) Zombie Pathfinder 美國 White Sands 美國 NASA
US Army Suborbital Test flight 15 December Successful
Apogee: 80公里(50英里)?
26 December
05:35
印度 Agni V 印度 Integrated Test Range Launch Complex IV 印度 DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Missile test 26 December Successful
Apogee: ~800公里(500英里)

深空機動

[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯
日期 (UTC) 太空載具 事件 備註
14 January Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 53公里(33英里).[86]
15 January[87] Cassini 116th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 3,817公里(2,372英里).
31 January Cassini 117th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,400公里(870英里).
16 February Cassini 118th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,018公里(633英里).
4 April Cassini 119th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 990 kilometres (615 mi).
6 May Cassini 120th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 971公里(603英里).
7 June Cassini 121st flyby of Titan Closest approach: 975公里(606英里).
4 July[88] Juno Orbit injection around Jupiter (jovicentric) First solar-powered Jovian probe, second orbiter.
4 July Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 350公里(220英里).
25 July Cassini 122nd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 976公里(606英里).
10 August Cassini 123rd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,599公里(994英里).
27 August Juno 1st perijove of Jupiter Closest approach: 2,600公里(1,600英里).[89]
26 September Cassini 124th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,737公里(1,079英里).
30 September Rosetta Landing on 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko Probe was programmed to deactivate its thrusters and radio transmissions after landing.
19 October Trace Gas Orbiter (ExoMars 2016) Orbit injection around Mars (areocentric)
19 October Schiaparelli (ExoMars 2016) Landing on Mars, Meridiani Planum Probe entered Martian atmosphere intact, but contact was lost 50 seconds before expected landing.[90] NASA's MRO later identified the Schiaparelli crash site at coordinates 2°03′S 6°14′W / 2.05°S 6.24°W / -2.05; -6.24, confirming the loss of the lander.[91]
19 October Juno 2nd perijove Period Reduction Maneuver[92] originally planned, but delayed due to valve issues.[93] The maneuver was later cancelled entirely in favor of remaining in a 53-day orbit.[94]
13 November Cassini 125th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,582公里(983英里).
16 November Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 127公里(79英里).
29 November Cassini 126th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 3,223公里(2,003英里).
11 December Juno 3rd perijove

艙外活動

[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯
開始時間 持續時間 結束時間 太空載具 乘組 備註
15 January
13:48
4 hours 43 minutes 18:31 Expedition 46
ISS Quest
Replaced a failed voltage regulator responsible for shutting down one of the station's eight power channels in November 2015, and routed cables in support of the installation of the International Docking Adaptor. EVA terminated two hours early due to water leakage in Kopra's helmet, but the primary task was accomplished.[95]
3 February
12:55
4 hours 45 minutes 17:40 Expedition 46
ISS Pirs
Deployed a commemorative flash drive, took samples of module exteriors, installed handrails for use in future EVAs, retrieved an astrobiology experiment, deployed a materials science experiment, and tested a tool for applying coatings to module exteriors.[96]
19 August
12:04
5 hours 58 minutes 18:02 Expedition 48
ISS Quest
The astronauts installed the International Docking Adapter (IDA) which was delivered by Dragon CRS-9, allowing future commercial crew spacecraft to dock with the station. This first IDA was attached to Harmony's forward port, over the existing Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA).[97][98] The EVA terminated after completing the primary objective, without completing the secondary objectives, due to a malfunction of the right earphone of Jeff Williams.
1 September
11:53
6 hours 48 minutes 18:41 Expedition 48
ISS Quest
The crew retracted a thermal radiator which is a backup, and then installed the first pair of several high-definition cameras to monitor the traffic around the station. Then they have performed some maintenance operations.[99]

空間碎片事件

[編輯]
發生時間(UTC 碎片源 事件類型 追蹤碎片數 備註
3月26日01:42[100] 衛星解體 10[101] 在早期除錯階段,日本宇宙航空研究開發機構與剛發射的「瞳」望遠鏡失去了通訊。與此同時,聯合太空指揮中心觀測到5塊、隨後是10塊碎片從「瞳」脫落,其中一塊碎片的雷達訊號顯示其大小與主太空載具相當。[102]「瞳」陷入翻滾並行出短暫而斷斷續續的通訊。此次翻滾是由於慣性參考裝置故障,錯誤地報告太空載具正在旋轉而引起的。當姿態控制系統試圖糾正不存在的旋轉時,不必要的修正本身被認為是造成後續故障的原因,最終導致太空載具於4月28日墜毀。[103][104]

命運弄人,與「瞳」一起飛行的次要酬載之一是中部衛星3號,這是一顆專門用於監測全球暖化效應和太空垃圾的微型衛星。[105]

6月1日09:20[106] SL-12R/B(#33473) 推進器解體 20+[106] 2008年12月發射的俄羅斯質子-M火箭的一個沉底引擎因不明原因爆炸。[107]

軌道發射統計

[編輯]

按國家(區域)

[編輯]

就本章節的主旨而言,每次航太飛行所屬的國家以火箭的原產國為準,而不是發射服務提供商或發射場所在國。例如,西歐亞利安空間公司在南美洲蓋亞那太空中心發射的聯盟號火箭應視作俄羅斯的發射,因為聯盟2號是俄羅斯火箭。

中國: 22法國: 7義大利: 2印度: 7以色列: 1日本: 4朝鮮: 1俄羅斯: 19美國: 22
  •   中國: 22
  •   法國: 7
  •   義大利: 2
  •   印度: 7
  •   以色列: 1
  •   日本: 4
  •   朝鮮: 1
  •   俄羅斯: 19
  •   美國: 22
國家(區域) 發射數 成功數 失敗數 部分失敗數
備註
 中國 22 20 1 1
 法國 7 7 0 0
 義大利 2 2 0 0
 印度 7 7 0 0
 以色列 1 1 0 0
 日本 4 4 0 0
 北韓 1 1 0 0
 俄羅斯 19 18 1 0 包括亞利安空間公司蓋亞那太空中心發射的2次歐洲聯盟號火箭
 美國 22 22 0 0 另有1次發射前失敗(獵鷹9號AMOS6衛星任務)
總計 85 82 2 1

按火箭

[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯

By family

[編輯]

By type

[編輯]

By configuration

[編輯]

按發射場

[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯
5
10
15
20
25
30
China
France
India
Israel
Japan
Kazakhstan
North Korea
Russia
United States
Site Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Baikonur  哈薩克 11 10 1 0
Cape Canaveral  美國 18 18 0 0 1 Pre-launch failure
Jiuquan  中國 9 9 0 0
Kourou  法國 11 11 0 0
MARS  美國 1 1 0 0
Palmachim  以色列 1 1 0 0
Plesetsk  俄羅斯 5 5 0 0
Satish Dhawan  印度 7 7 0 0
Sohae  北韓 1 1 0 0
Taiyuan  中國 4 2 1 1
Tanegashima  日本 3 3 0 0
Uchinoura  日本 1 1 0 0
Vandenberg  美國 3 3 0 0
Vostochny  俄羅斯 1 1 0 0 First launch
Wenchang  中國 2 2 0 0 First launch
Xichang  中國 7 7 0 0
Total 85 82 2 1

按軌道

[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯
  •   Transatmospheric
  •   Low Earth
  •   Low Earth (ISS)
  •   Low Earth (SSO)
  •   Low Earth (retrograde)
  •   Medium Earth
  •   Geosychronous
    (transfer)
  •   Inclined GSO
  •   High Earth
  •   Heliocentric
Orbital regime Launches Achieved Not achieved Accidentally
achieved
Remarks
Transatmospheric 0 0 0 0
Low Earth 43 42 2 0 Including 11 to ISS (+1 failed), 1 to Tiangong-2
Geosynchronous / transfer 32 32 0 0
Medium Earth 8 8 0 0
High Earth 0 0 0 0
Heliocentric orbit 2 2 0 0 Including planetary transfer orbits
Total 85 83 2 0

參考

[編輯]
  1. 中國國家航天局
  2. 中國探月網
  3. Encyclopedia Astronautica
  4. Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
  5. 日本宇宙航空研究開發機構
  6. Jonathan's Space Report(SatCat.txt與Launchlog.txt兩項)
  7. Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
  8. NASA
  9. NASA SpaceFlight.com
  10. Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
  11. Space Calander (NASA JPL)
  12. Southwest Space Archive
  13. SPACE.com Launch Forecast
  14. SpaceFlightNow
  15. Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
  16. U.S. Space Objects Registry

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