2016年航太活動列表

2016年航太活動亮點,由上自下從左到右:
| |
軌道發射 | |
---|---|
首次 | 1月15日 |
末次 | 12月28日 |
總計 | 85 |
成功 | 82 |
失敗 | 2 |
部分失敗 | 1 |
識別碼 | 83 |
火箭 | |
處女航 | |
退役 | |
載人太空飛行 | |
軌道飛行次數 | 5 |
載人太空飛行人數合計 | 14 |
艙外活動次數 | 4 |
概述
[編輯]2016年4月28日,俄羅斯為遠東的東方太空發射場舉行了落成典禮,首先進行了傳統的聯盟號2.1a發射,隨後幾年,東方太空發射場進行了擴建,以容納安加拉系列火箭。中國長征七號運載火箭於6月25日在位於海南省文昌市的新建成的太空發射場成功首飛,長征五號運載火箭於也於11月3日在該發射場完成首飛。在2014年發射天鵝座3號貨運飛船爆炸事故發生兩年後,Antares火箭於10月17日再次飛行,其升級版230型火箭搭載俄羅斯RD-181引擎。
在多次失敗的嘗試之後,SpaceX開始將其獵鷹9號第一節火箭降落在無人駕駛著陸船,離其長期提出的開發可重複使用運載火箭的目標更近了一步。該公司表示,回收的引擎和結構未遭受重大損壞。[1]其中一枚著陸推進器B1021於2016年4月發射,並於2017年3月再次飛行;[2]另外兩枚推進器被改裝為側置推進器,用於獵鷹重型火箭的首飛。[3]
ExoMars任務是歐洲和俄羅斯航太機構合作開展的,於3月14日發射,並於10月19日抵達火星。[4]此次飛行致力於天體生物學研究,搭載了到達火星軌道的ExoMars微量氣體軌道器和著陸時墜毀的斯基亞帕雷利EDM登陸器。計畫於2020年進行的後續飛行將搭載ExoMars羅莎琳德·富蘭克林探測器和四台靜態地面儀器。[5]與此同時,日本太空探測器「曉」號在花了五個月時間逐步調整軌道後,於五月開始對金星進行觀測[6]。行星探索活動成為焦點,美國國家航空暨太空總署的朱諾號探測器於7月4日進入木星軌道,隨後美國國家航空暨太空總署(NASA)的OSIRIS-REx探測器於9月8日發射,前往小行星101955「貝努」。最終,9月30日,羅塞塔號探測器在丘留莫夫-格拉西緬科彗星上緩慢著陸。[7][8]
載人太空飛行飛行包括斯科特·凱利和米哈伊爾·科爾尼延科於三月份返回地球,他們此前在國際太空站執行了為期一年的任務,這是太空人在太空站連續停留時間最長的一次。凱利還創下了美國人在太空軌道停留時間最長的紀錄。2016年發射了四次國際太空站探險任務,編號為47至50,第一次探險任務使用最後一艘聯盟號TMA-M飛船,後三次探險任務將使用現代化的聯盟號MS飛船。第50次遠征將持續到2017年。進行了多次艙外活動以維護國際太空站的外部。實驗性的BEAM充氣居住艙於4月16日安裝到國際太空站,並於5月28日展開,開始為期兩年的在軌測試。與此同時,中國於9月發射了新的天宮二號空間實驗室,景海鵬和陳冬隨後搭乘神舟十一號,於10月19日至11月17日期間首次訪問了該實驗室一個月。
軌道發射
[編輯]發射時間 (UTC) | 運載火箭 | 火箭編號 | 發射場 | 發射服務提供商 | |||
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酬載 (⚀ = 立方星) |
載荷使用者 | 軌道 | 功能 | 再入時間 (UTC) | 結果 | ||
附註 | |||||||
January[編輯] | |||||||
15 January 16:57:04 |
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Belarus | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
17 January 18:42:18 |
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F9-021 | ![]() |
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NOAA / EUMETSAT | Low Earth | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
Final flight of the standard Falcon 9 v1.1, future flights will use the upgraded Falcon 9 Full Thrust. Falcon 9's first stage performed a soft landing on an autonomous spaceport drone ship in the Pacific Ocean, but the failure of one landing leg to lock into position caused it to fall over and break apart.[9] | |||||||
20 January 04:01:00 |
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C31 | ![]() |
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ISRO | Geosynchronous | Navigation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
27 January 23:20:48 |
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VA228 | ![]() |
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Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Spacecraft failure in 2019[10] | ||
29 January 22:20:09 |
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Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
Carries the first laser communication node for the European Data Relay System | |||||||
February[編輯] |
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1 February 07:29:04 |
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CNSA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
5 February 13:38:00 |
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AV-057 | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
7 February 00:21:07 |
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VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
7 February 00:30 |
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NADA | Low Earth | Earth observation | 30 June 2023[12] | Successful | ||
10 February 11:40:32 |
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NRO | Retrograde LEO | Reconnaissance | 在軌 | Operational | ||
NROL-45 mission. Spacecraft launched in a retrograde orbit. | |||||||
16 February 17:57:40 |
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ESA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
17 February 08:45:00 |
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F30 | ![]() |
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JAXA / NASA | Low Earth | X-ray astronomy | 在軌 | Spacecraft failure | ||
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Nagoya University | Low Earth | Radiation / Amateur radio | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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MHI | Low Earth | Remote sensing / Space debris monitor | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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Kyushu Institute of Technology | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 在軌 | Operational | ||
Hitomi malfunctioned after initial checkouts, and is believed to have lost attitude control and snapped off its solar array. 28 April, JAXA has abandoned efforts to recover the spacecraft.[14][15] | |||||||
March[編輯] |
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4 March 23:35:00 |
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F9-022 | ![]() |
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SES S.A. | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
High-velocity landing test ended with a hard landing on the drone ship Of Course I Still Love You and destruction of the first stage. | |||||||
9 March 05:20:07 |
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VA229 | ![]() |
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Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
10 March 10:31:00 |
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C32 | ![]() |
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ISRO | Geosynchronous | Navigation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
13 March 18:56:00 |
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Roscosmos | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 17 October 2023[16] | Partial spacecraft failure[17] | ||
The launch succeeded on its second attempt after a rare pad abort the day before. | |||||||
14 March 09:31:42[5] |
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ESA | Areocentric orbit | Mars orbiter | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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ESA | TMI to Martian Surface | Mars lander | 19 October 2016 | Landing failure | ||
18 March 21:26:38 |
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Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 47/48 | 7 September 2016 01:13 |
Successful | ||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Final flight of the Soyuz TMA-M variant | |||||||
23 March 03:05:52 |
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AV-064 | ![]() |
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Orbital ATK / NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 22 June 2016 13:29 |
Successful | ||
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DOST / TU | Low Earth | Earth observation | 6 April 2020[19] | Successful | ||
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Planet Labs | Low Earth | Earth observation | First: 3 October 2017[20] Last: 10 November 2018[21] |
Successful | ||
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Spire Global | Low Earth | Earth observation | First: 27 February 2017[22] Last: 7 April 2017[23] |
8 successful, 1 failed to deploy | ||
Anomaly in the mixture ratio control valve assembly, causing the Atlas V booster engine to cut off five seconds early, resulting in a longer-than-usual Centaur orbital insertion burn.[18] Cubesats deployed from the ISS and the Cygnus spacecraft at a later date. | |||||||
24 March 09:42:00 |
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VKS | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | 在軌 | Operational | ||
29 March 20:11:04 |
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CNSA | IGSO | Navigation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
31 March 16:23:57 |
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Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 14 October 2016 13:39 |
Successful | ||
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Tomsk Polytechnic University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 20 October 2019[25] | Successful | ||
Tomsk-TPU-120 is a CubeSat deployed into orbit from ISS by Russian astronauts spacewalk on 17 August 2017.[24] | |||||||
April[編輯] |
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5 April 17:38:04 |
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CAS | Low Earth | Microgravity Science | 18 April 2016 08:30 |
Successful | ||
8 April 20:43:31 |
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F9-023 | ![]() |
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 11 May 2016 18:31 |
Successful | ||
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Bigelow Aerospace / NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | Technology demonstration / ISS Assembly | 在軌 | Operational | ||
First stage landed successfully on drone ship Of Course I Still Love You for the first time, the second successful landing overall | |||||||
25 April 21:02:13 |
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ESA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Spacecraft failure[26] | ||
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CNES | Low Earth (SSO) | Astrophysics | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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Aalborg | Low Earth (SSO) | AIS ship tracking | 8 September 2023[27] | Successful | ||
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Polytechnic University of Turin | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 9 May 2024[28] | Successful | ||
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Liège | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 14 March 2024[29] | Successful | ||
28 April 02:01:21 |
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MSU | Low Earth (SSO) | Gamma-ray astronomy | 16 December 2023[30] | Satellite malfunction | ||
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SSAU | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 15 April 2024[31] | Successful | ||
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SSAU | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 4 March 2022[32] | Spacecraft failure | ||
First orbital flight from Vostochny Cosmodrome. | |||||||
28 April 07:20:00 |
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C33 | ![]() |
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ISRO | Geosynchronous | Navigation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
May[編輯] |
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6 May 05:21:00 |
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F9-024 | ![]() |
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JSAT | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
First stage landed on Of Course I Still Love You drone ship, the third successful landing and the first landing with a payload to geostationary transfer orbit. | |||||||
15 May 02:43 |
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CNSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | 在軌 | Operational | ||
24 May 08:48:43 |
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ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
27 May 21:39:00 |
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F9-025 | ![]() |
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Thaicom | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
First stage landed on Of Course I Still Love You drone ship, the fourth successful landing and the second landing with a payload to geostationary transfer orbit. | |||||||
29 May 08:44:35 |
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VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在軌 | Spacecraft failure | ||
Kosmos 2516 experienced a depressurization event in November 2020, which permanently disabled the satellite after four years in operation. It was replaced by GLONASS-K 705.[33] | |||||||
30 May 03:17:04 |
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CNSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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Satellogic | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
June[編輯] |
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4 June 14:00:13 |
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VKS | Low Earth | Geodesy | 在軌 | Operational | ||
9 June 07:10:00 |
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Intelsat / DirecTV | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
11 June 17:51:00 |
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NRO | Geosynchronous | Reconnaissance | 在軌 | Operational | ||
NROL-37 mission. | |||||||
12 June 15:30:04 |
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CNSA | Geosynchronous | Navigation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
15 June 14:29:00 |
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F9-026 | ![]() |
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Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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ABS | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
Satellites were successfully delivered to orbit, first stage landing on drone ship failed. | |||||||
18 June 21:38:39 |
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VA230 | ![]() |
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EchoStar | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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BRI | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
22 June 03:56:00 |
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C34 | ![]() |
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ISRO | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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DLR | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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GHGSat | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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LAPAN | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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CSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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Terra Bella | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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TU Berlin | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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Planet Labs | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | First: 20 October 2022 Last: 28 March 2023[35] |
Successful | ||
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Sathyabama University | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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College of Engineering, Pune | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在軌 | Operational | ||
24 June 14:30:00 |
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AV-063 | ![]() |
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US Navy | GSO | Communications | 在軌 | Operational in off-nominal but usable orbit[36] | ||
25 June 12:00:07 |
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Y1 | ![]() |
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CMSA | Low Earth | Technology demonstration Flight test |
26 June 2016 07:41 |
Successful | ||
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NPU | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 29 September 2016 | Successful | ||
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CALT | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 27 August 2016 | Successful | ||
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Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 27 August 2016 | Successful | |||
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Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 24 August 2016 | Successful | |||
Maiden flight of the Long March 7 rocket and the first launch from the Wenchang Satellite Launch Center.[37] | |||||||
29 June 03:21:04 |
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CNSA | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 在軌 | Operational | ||
July[編輯] |
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7 July 01:36:40 |
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Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 48/49 | 30 October 2016 03:58 |
Successful | ||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Maiden flight of the modernized Soyuz MS spacecraft variant. | |||||||
16 July 21:41:45 |
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Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 1 February 2017 18:24 |
Successful | ||
18 July 04:45:29 |
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F9-027 | ![]() |
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 26 August 15:47 |
Successful | ||
Delivering the IDA-2 segment of the NASA Docking System. Second successful return to launch site and vertical landing of a first stage, demonstrated as part of a controlled descent test. | |||||||
28 July 12:37:00 |
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AV-065 | ![]() |
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NRO | Geosynchronous[38] | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
August[編輯] |
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5 August 16:22:04 |
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CAST | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
9 August 22:55:25 |
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CAST | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
14 August 05:26:00 |
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F9-028 | ![]() |
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JSAT | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
15 August 17:40:04 |
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CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 19 August 2016[40] | Spacecraft failure | ||
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UPC | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 18 December 2023[41] | Successful | ||
19 August 04:52:00 |
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Space surveillance | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Space surveillance | 在軌 | Operational | ||
24 August 22:16:01 |
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VA232 | ![]() |
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Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational[42] | ||
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Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
31 August 18:50:00 |
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CAST | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 31 August 2016 | Launch failure | ||
September[編輯] |
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3 September 07:00–09:00 (scheduled)[44] |
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Spacecom | Planned: Geosynchronous | Communications | N/A | Destroyed prior to launch[43] | ||
Launch pad explosion destroyed both the rocket and the satellite two days prior to scheduled launch, on 2016年9月1日 13:07 (UTC)[43] | .|||||||
8 September 11:20:00 |
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F05 | ![]() |
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ISRO | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | 在軌 | Operational | ||
8 September 23:05:00 |
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AV-067 | ![]() |
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NASA | Heliocentric | Asteroid sample return | 在軌 | Operational | ||
Reached asteroid Bennu in December 2018. Scheduled to return to Earth in September 2023. | |||||||
13 September 14:38:00 |
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Israel Defense Forces | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 在軌 | Satellite malfunction[45] | ||
15 September 14:04:12 |
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T2 | ![]() |
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CMSA | Low Earth | Space station | 19 July 2019[46] 13:06 |
Successful | ||
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SAST | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 15 July 2019[47] | Successful | ||
Second Chinese space laboratory, BanXing 2 deployed 22 October | |||||||
16 September 01:43:35 |
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Peruvian Armed Forces | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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Terra Bella | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
26 September 03:42:00 |
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C35 | ![]() |
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ISRO | Low Earth (SSO) | Meteorology | 在軌 | Successful[48] | ||
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Algerian Space Agency | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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Algerian Space Agency | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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BlackSky Global | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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IIT Bombay | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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PES University | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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Algerian Space Agency | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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UTIAS Space Flight Laboratory | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 21 April 2022[49] | Successful | ||
Final launch of the original Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-G configuration with S9 solid rocket motors. | |||||||
October[編輯] |
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5 October 20:30 |
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VA231 | ![]() |
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NBN | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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ISRO | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
16 October 23:30 |
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Y11 | ![]() |
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CMSA | Low Earth | Docking with Tiangong-2 | 18 November 2016 06:15 |
Successful | ||
Crewed flight with two astronauts[50] | |||||||
17 October 23:45 |
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 27 November 2016 23:36 |
Successful | ||
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Spire Global | Low Earth | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
CubeSats were deployed from the ISS and Cygnus spacecraft at a later date. | |||||||
19 October 08:05 |
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Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 49/50 | 10 April 2017 11:20 |
Successful | ||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts | |||||||
November[編輯] |
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2 November 06:20:00 |
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F31 | ![]() |
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JMA | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | 在軌 | Operational | ||
3 November 12:42 |
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CNSA | Geosynchronous | Technology demonstration / Space rendezvous | 在軌 | Operational | ||
Maiden flight of the Long March 5 rocket. Chinese state media claims Shijian-17 is a test of electric propulsion, though this is disputed by outside analysts tracking the satellite's unusual space rendezvous movements.[51][52] | |||||||
9 November 23:42[53] |
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CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | X-ray pulsar-based navigation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() |
Changsha Gaoxinqu Tianyi Research Institute | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在軌 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() |
Zhejiang LiTong Electronic Technology Co. | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() |
Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在軌 | Operational | |||
11 November 18:30 |
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AV-062 | ![]() |
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DigitalGlobe | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 30 November 2021 05:20[57] |
Spacecraft failure | ||
⚀ ![]() |
M42 Technologies | Low Earth (SSO) | Calibration | 在軌 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() |
LANL | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在軌 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() |
Aerospace | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在軌 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() |
NASA Orbital Debris Program Office | Low Earth (SSO) | Calibration | 在軌 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() |
JHU/APL | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration / Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
CubeSats deployed after WorldView-4 separation as part of NRO-sponsored ENTERPRISE mission. WorldView-4 experienced a failure in one of its control moment gyroscopes in January 2019, making the spacecraft unrecoverable.[56] | |||||||
11 November 23:14 |
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SAST | Low Earth | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
17 November 13:06:48 |
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VA233 | ![]() |
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ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
First Galileo launch with Ariane 5 (8th overall), carrying Antonianna, Lisa, Kimberley, and Tijmen. | |||||||
17 November 20:20:14 |
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Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 50/51/52 | 2 June 2017 | Successful | ||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Peggy Whitson's mission was prolonged over Expedition 52 until September 2017. | |||||||
19 November 23:42:00 |
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AV-069 | ![]() |
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NASA / NOAA | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | 在軌 | Operational | ||
22 November 15:24:04 |
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CNSA | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
December[編輯] |
|||||||
1 December 14:52 |
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Roscosmos | Planned: Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 1 December | Launch failure | ||
5 December 13:51:44 |
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Turkish Armed Forces | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | 在軌 | Operational | ||
7 December 04:54 |
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C36 | ![]() |
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ISRO | Low Earth (SSO) | Remote sensing | 在軌 | Operational | ||
7 December 23:53 |
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
9 December 13:26:47 |
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F6 | ![]() |
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JAXA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 5 February 2017 15:06 |
Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() |
UTokyo | Low Earth | Technology demonstration / Re-entry Demonstration | 15 May 2017[63] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() |
GAUSS Srl | Low Earth | TubeSat Deployment / Amateur radio | 8 September 2017[64] | Successful | ||
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NTU / Kyutech | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 1 November 2018[65] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() |
Kagawa University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 3 March 2018[66] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() |
Nakashimada Engineering Works / Tohoku University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 5 February 2017[67] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() |
University of Tsukuba | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 3 January 2019[68] | Successful | ||
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Waseda University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 6 October 2018[69] | Successful | ||
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Open Space Network | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 11 January 2018[70] | Successful | ||
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Escola Municipal Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves/INPE | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 18 October 2017[71] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() |
SJSU/UI | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 29 July 2017[72] | Successful | ||
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Spire Global | Low Earth | AIS | First: 15 April 2018[73] Last: 5 December 2018[74] |
Successful | ||
CubeSats to be deployed at a later date. Tancredo-1 and OSNSAT are carried inside TuPOD and to be deployed from it. STARS-C was deployed on 19 December 2016. ITF-2, WASEDA-SAT3, FREEDOM, EGG, AOBA-Velox III, and TuPOD were deployed on 16 January 2017.[58] Tancredo-1 and OSNSAT were released from TuPOD on 19 January 2017.[59] Lemur-2 and TechEdSat-5 were deployed on 6–7 March 2017.[60][61][62] | |||||||
10 December 16:11:00 |
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CMA | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | 在軌 | Operational | ||
15 December 13:37:21 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Meteorology | 在軌 | Operational | ||
18 December 19:13 |
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AV-071 | ![]() |
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HughesNet | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
20 December 11:00 |
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Epsilon-2[75] | ![]() |
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JAXA | Medium Earth (elliptical) | Magnetospherics | 在軌 | Operational | ||
21 December 19:22 |
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CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Operational | ||
21 December 20:30 |
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VA234 | ![]() |
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Star One | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
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JSAT | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在軌 | Operational | ||
28 December 03:23:56 |
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Beijing Space View Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Partial launch failure; Operational | ||
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Beijing Space View Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在軌 | Partial launch failure; Operational | ||
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China Association for Science and Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 18 February 2017[78] | Partial launch failure; Successful | ||
Launch vehicle problem deployed satellites in a lower than planned orbit. SuperView satellites raising their own orbits, but CubeSats cannot so may have short lifespan.[77] |
次軌道飛行
[編輯]發射時間 (UTC) | 運載火箭 | 火箭編號 | 發射場 | 發射服務提供商 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
酬載 (⚀ = 立方星) |
載荷使用者 | 軌道 | 功能 | 再入時間 (UTC) | 結果 | ||
附註 | |||||||
15 January 03:00:00 |
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TPU / Tohoku University / Tokai University / KU / JAXA | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 15 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: 161公里(100英里)[79] | |||||||
22 January | ![]() |
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Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | 22 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: 101.7公里(63.2英里)[80] | |||||||
23 January 08:30 |
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DLR / ESA | Suborbital | Microgravity | 23 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: 252公里(157英里) | |||||||
28 January | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 28 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 300公里(190英里), CTV-02+ target | |||||||
28 January | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 28 January | Successful | |||
CTV-02+, successful test flight, the CE-II kill vehicle performed scripted maneuvers to demonstrate performance of alternate divert thrusters. Upon entering terminal phase, the kill vehicle initiated a planned burn sequence to evaluate the alternate divert thrusters until fuel was exhausted, intentionally precluding an intercept. | |||||||
2 February 21:09 |
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SSC | Suborbital | Technology | 2 February | Successful | ||
Apogee: 138公里(86英里) | |||||||
21 February 07:34 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 21 February | Successful | |||
GT217GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
22 February 04:15 |
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LASP | Suborbital | Astronomy | 22 February | Successful | ||
Apogee: 309公里(192英里) | |||||||
26 February 07:01 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 26 February | Successful | |||
GT218GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
1 March 14:50 |
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West Virginia University | Suborbital | Technology experiments | 1 March | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~185 kilometers (115 mi)[81] | |||||||
7 March 12:05 |
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NASA Ames | Suborbital | Technology experiment | 7 March | Successful | ||
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Montana State University | Suborbital | Technology experiment | 7 March | Successful | ||
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Controlled Dynamics | Suborbital | Technology experiment | 7 March | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~159 kilometers (99 mi) | |||||||
7 March | ![]() |
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Indian Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 March | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 km? | |||||||
8 March | ![]() |
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IRGC | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 March | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~150公里(93英里) | |||||||
14 March | ![]() |
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IDRDL | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 March | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~500公里(310英里)? | |||||||
14 March | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 March | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52 | |||||||
15 March | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 15 March | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52 | |||||||
16 March | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 16 March | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52 | |||||||
31 March | ![]() |
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Indian Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 31 March | Successful | |||
First K-4 launch from a submarine[82] | |||||||
2 April 15:18 |
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Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | 2 April | Successful | ||
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Southwest Research Institute | Suborbital | Microgravity experiment | 2 April | Successful | ||
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University of Central Florida | Suborbital | Microgravity experiment | 2 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: 103.8 kilometers (64.5 mi). Third successful booster landing of the same rocket.[83] | |||||||
19 April 06:41 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 19 April | Successful | |||
Yu-71 Hypersonic Vehicle Test, Apogee: 1,000公里(620英里)? | |||||||
26 April 17:00 |
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CSSAR | Suborbital | Environment monitoring | 26 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: 316公里(196英里) | |||||||
18 May 00:45 |
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DSTO | Suborbital | Technology | 18 May | Successful | ||
Apogee: 278公里(173英里) | |||||||
18 May 07:02 |
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MDA | Suborbital | Radar target | 18 May | Successful | |||
Medium Range Ballistic Missile Target, Aegis radar target FTX-21, apogee: 300公里(190英里)? | |||||||
25 May | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 25 May | Successful | |||
Apogee: 100公里(62英里)? | |||||||
26 May | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 26 May | Successful | |||
Apogee: 100公里(62英里)? | |||||||
1 June 19:00 |
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CU Boulder | Suborbital | SDO calibration | 1 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: 290公里(180英里) | |||||||
19 June 14:35 |
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Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | 19 June | Successful | ||
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Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics | Suborbital | Microgravity experiment | 19 June | Successful | ||
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Louisiana State University | Suborbital | Microgravity experiment | 19 June | Successful | ||
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Braunschweig University of Technology | Suborbital | Microgravity experiment | 19 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: 101 kilometers (62.8 mi). Fourth successful booster landing of the same rocket. | |||||||
21 June[84] 23:03 |
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Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 21 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: 1,400公里(870英里). | |||||||
24 June 10:06 |
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CU Boulder | Suborbital | Student experiments | 24 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~119公里(74英里) | |||||||
30 June 09:43 |
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Oslo/Andøya | Suborbital | Atmospheric Science | 30 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: 115公里(71英里) | |||||||
? June | ![]() |
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Royal Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | ? June | Launch failure | |||
– | |||||||
1 July 07:18 |
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DGA/Marine nationale | Suborbital | Test flight | 1 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000公里(620英里)? | |||||||
8 July 13:01 |
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Oslo/Andøya | Suborbital | Atmospheric Science | 8 July | Successful | ||
Apogee: 117公里(73英里) | |||||||
11 July | ![]() |
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AFIRI | Suborbital | Missile test | 11 July | Launch failure | |||
19 July 04:05 |
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DLR | Suborbital | Technology | 19 July | Successful | ||
Apogee: 182公里(113英里) | |||||||
27 July 18:26 |
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NASA/MSFC | Suborbital | Solar research | 27 July | Spacecraft failure | ||
Apogee: 250公里(160英里) | |||||||
17 August 11:33 |
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University of Colorado Boulder | Suborbital | Student Research | 17 August | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~153公里(95英里) | |||||||
23 August[84] 20:29 |
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Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 23 August | Successful | ||
Apogee: about 550公里(340英里), according to South Korean military. | |||||||
25 August | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 25 August | Launch failure | |||
31 August | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 31 August | Successful | |||
5 September[84] 03:13 |
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Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 5 September | Successful | ||
Apogee: about 200公里(120英里).[85] 1 of 3. | |||||||
5 September[84] 03:13 |
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Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 5 September | Successful | ||
Apogee: about 200公里(120英里).[85] 2 of 3. | |||||||
5 September[84] 03:13 |
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Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 5 September | Successful | ||
Apogee: about 200公里(120英里).[85] 3 of 3. | |||||||
5 September 09:10 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 5 September | Successful | |||
GT219GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
9 September | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 September | Successful | |||
27 September | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 27 September | Successful | |||
27 September | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 27 September | Launch failure? | |||
The second missile self destroyed "after completing the first phase of the flight", maybe intentional. It appears to be a normal practice in salvo launches. The missile probably carried mockups instead of working upper stages and warheads to save money. | |||||||
5 October 15:37 |
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Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | 5 October | Successful | ||
In-flight escape test 45 seconds after launch. Booster unexpectedly survived and reached an apogee of 93.7公里(58.2英里) before completing its fifth successful landing. | |||||||
12 October | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 October | Successful | |||
12 October | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 October | Successful | |||
12 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 October | Successful | |||
25 October 08:58 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 25 October | Successful | |||
Yu-71 Hypersonic Vehicle Test, Apogee: 1,000公里(620英里)? | |||||||
22 November | ![]() |
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IDRDL | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~500公里(310英里)? | |||||||
6 December | ![]() |
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IRGC | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~150公里(93英里) | |||||||
8 December | ![]() |
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PLA | Suborbital | ABM target | 8 December | Successful | |||
Target | |||||||
8 December | ![]() |
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PLA | Suborbital | ABM test | 8 December | Successful | |||
Interceptor | |||||||
15 December | ![]() |
FTM-27 | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 15 December | Successful | |||
FTM-27 target, successfully intercepted by two SM-6 missiles in low altitude | |||||||
15 December 16:15 |
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Zombie Pathfinder | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Test flight | 15 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 80公里(50英里)? | |||||||
26 December 05:35 |
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DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 26 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~800公里(500英里) |
深空機動
[編輯]日期 (UTC) | 太空載具 | 事件 | 備註 |
---|---|---|---|
14 January | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 53公里(33英里).[86] |
15 January[87] | Cassini | 116th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 3,817公里(2,372英里). |
31 January | Cassini | 117th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,400公里(870英里). |
16 February | Cassini | 118th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,018公里(633英里). |
4 April | Cassini | 119th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 990 kilometres (615 mi). |
6 May | Cassini | 120th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 971公里(603英里). |
7 June | Cassini | 121st flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 975公里(606英里). |
4 July[88] | Juno | Orbit injection around Jupiter (jovicentric) | First solar-powered Jovian probe, second orbiter. |
4 July | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 350公里(220英里). |
25 July | Cassini | 122nd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 976公里(606英里). |
10 August | Cassini | 123rd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,599公里(994英里). |
27 August | Juno | 1st perijove of Jupiter | Closest approach: 2,600公里(1,600英里).[89] |
26 September | Cassini | 124th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,737公里(1,079英里). |
30 September | Rosetta | Landing on 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko | Probe was programmed to deactivate its thrusters and radio transmissions after landing. |
19 October | Trace Gas Orbiter (ExoMars 2016) | Orbit injection around Mars (areocentric) | |
19 October | Schiaparelli (ExoMars 2016) | Landing on Mars, Meridiani Planum | Probe entered Martian atmosphere intact, but contact was lost 50 seconds before expected landing.[90] NASA's MRO later identified the Schiaparelli crash site at coordinates 2°03′S 6°14′W / 2.05°S 6.24°W, confirming the loss of the lander.[91] |
19 October | Juno | 2nd perijove | Period Reduction Maneuver[92] originally planned, but delayed due to valve issues.[93] The maneuver was later cancelled entirely in favor of remaining in a 53-day orbit.[94] |
13 November | Cassini | 125th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,582公里(983英里). |
16 November | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 127公里(79英里). |
29 November | Cassini | 126th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 3,223公里(2,003英里). |
11 December | Juno | 3rd perijove |
艙外活動
[編輯]開始時間 | 持續時間 | 結束時間 | 太空載具 | 乘組 | 備註 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
15 January 13:48 |
4 hours 43 minutes | 18:31 | Expedition 46 ISS Quest |
Replaced a failed voltage regulator responsible for shutting down one of the station's eight power channels in November 2015, and routed cables in support of the installation of the International Docking Adaptor. EVA terminated two hours early due to water leakage in Kopra's helmet, but the primary task was accomplished.[95] | |
3 February 12:55 |
4 hours 45 minutes | 17:40 | Expedition 46 ISS Pirs |
Deployed a commemorative flash drive, took samples of module exteriors, installed handrails for use in future EVAs, retrieved an astrobiology experiment, deployed a materials science experiment, and tested a tool for applying coatings to module exteriors.[96] | |
19 August 12:04 |
5 hours 58 minutes | 18:02 | Expedition 48 ISS Quest |
The astronauts installed the International Docking Adapter (IDA) which was delivered by Dragon CRS-9, allowing future commercial crew spacecraft to dock with the station. This first IDA was attached to Harmony's forward port, over the existing Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA).[97][98] The EVA terminated after completing the primary objective, without completing the secondary objectives, due to a malfunction of the right earphone of Jeff Williams. | |
1 September 11:53 |
6 hours 48 minutes | 18:41 | Expedition 48 ISS Quest |
The crew retracted a thermal radiator which is a backup, and then installed the first pair of several high-definition cameras to monitor the traffic around the station. Then they have performed some maintenance operations.[99] |
空間碎片事件
[編輯]發生時間(UTC) | 碎片源 | 事件類型 | 追蹤碎片數 | 備註 |
---|---|---|---|---|
3月26日01:42[100] | 瞳 | 衛星解體 | 10[101] | 在早期除錯階段,日本宇宙航空研究開發機構與剛發射的「瞳」望遠鏡失去了通訊。與此同時,聯合太空指揮中心觀測到5塊、隨後是10塊碎片從「瞳」脫落,其中一塊碎片的雷達訊號顯示其大小與主太空載具相當。[102]「瞳」陷入翻滾並行出短暫而斷斷續續的通訊。此次翻滾是由於慣性參考裝置故障,錯誤地報告太空載具正在旋轉而引起的。當姿態控制系統試圖糾正不存在的旋轉時,不必要的修正本身被認為是造成後續故障的原因,最終導致太空載具於4月28日墜毀。[103][104]
命運弄人,與「瞳」一起飛行的次要酬載之一是中部衛星3號,這是一顆專門用於監測全球暖化效應和太空垃圾的微型衛星。[105] |
6月1日09:20[106] | SL-12R/B(#33473) | 推進器解體 | 20+[106] | 2008年12月發射的俄羅斯質子-M火箭的一個沉底引擎因不明原因爆炸。[107] |
軌道發射統計
[編輯]按國家(區域)
[編輯]就本章節的主旨而言,每次航太飛行所屬的國家以火箭的原產國為準,而不是發射服務提供商或發射場所在國。例如,西歐亞利安空間公司在南美洲蓋亞那太空中心發射的聯盟號火箭應視作俄羅斯的發射,因為聯盟2號是俄羅斯火箭。
- 中國: 22
- 法國: 7
- 義大利: 2
- 印度: 7
- 以色列: 1
- 日本: 4
- 朝鮮: 1
- 俄羅斯: 19
- 美國: 22
國家(區域) | 發射數 | 成功數 | 失敗數 | 部分失敗數 |
備註 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
22 | 20 | 1 | 1 | ||
![]() |
7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
19 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 包括亞利安空間公司從蓋亞那太空中心發射的2次歐洲聯盟號火箭 | |
![]() |
22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 另有1次發射前失敗(獵鷹9號AMOS6衛星任務) | |
總計 | 85 | 82 | 2 | 1 |
按火箭
[編輯]By family
[編輯]Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane | ![]() |
7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas | ![]() |
8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta | ![]() |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon | ![]() |
8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 Pre-launch failure |
GSLV | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-II | ![]() |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March | ![]() |
22 | 20 | 1 | 1 | |
Pegasus | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | ![]() |
6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
R-7 | ![]() |
14 | 13 | 1 | 0 | |
Shavit | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Unha | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Universal Rocket | ![]() |
5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | ![]() |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
By type
[編輯]Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares 200 | ![]() |
Antares | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden Flight |
Ariane 5 | ![]() |
Ariane | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V | ![]() |
Atlas | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV | ![]() |
Delta | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | ![]() |
Epsilon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 | ![]() |
Falcon | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 Pre-launch failure |
GSLV | ![]() |
GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA | ![]() |
H-II | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | ![]() |
H-II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2 | ![]() |
Long March | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | |
Long March 3 | ![]() |
Long March | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4 | ![]() |
Long March | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
Long March 5 | ![]() |
Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 7 | ![]() |
Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 11 | ![]() |
Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Pegasus XL | ![]() |
Pegasus | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton | ![]() |
Universal Rocket | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | ![]() |
PSLV | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit | ![]() |
Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz | ![]() |
R-7 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2 | ![]() |
R-7 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Unha | ![]() |
Unha | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
UR-100 | ![]() |
Universal Rocket | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | ![]() |
Vega | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
By configuration
[編輯]Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares 230 | ![]() |
Antares 200 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden Flight |
Ariane 5 ECA | ![]() |
Ariane 5 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane 5 ES | ![]() |
Ariane 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 401 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 411 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 421 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 431 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Atlas V 541 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 551 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (4,2) | ![]() |
Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (5,2) | ![]() |
Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (5,4) | ![]() |
Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Heavy | ![]() |
Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | ![]() |
Epsilon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 v1.1 | ![]() |
Falcon 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Falcon 9 Full Thrust | ![]() |
Falcon 9 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 Pre-launch failure |
GSLV Mk II | ![]() |
GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA 202 | ![]() |
H-IIA | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | ![]() |
H-IIB | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2D | ![]() |
Long March 2 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | |
Long March 2F/G | ![]() |
Long March 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3A | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B/E | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3C/E | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3C/E / YZ-1 | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4B | ![]() |
Long March 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4C | ![]() |
Long March 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Long March 5 / YZ-2 | ![]() |
Long March 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 7 / YZ-1A | ![]() |
Long March 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 11 | ![]() |
Long March 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Pegasus XL | ![]() |
Pegasus XL | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-M / Briz-M | ![]() |
Proton | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-G | ![]() |
PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-XL | ![]() |
PSLV | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Rokot / Briz-KM | ![]() |
UR-100 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit-2 | ![]() |
Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a or ST-A | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a or ST-A / Fregat-M | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a / Volga | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Soyuz-2.1b or ST-B | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b or ST-B / Fregat-M | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b or ST-B / Fregat-MT | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-FG | ![]() |
Soyuz | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-U | ![]() |
Soyuz | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Unha-3 | ![]() |
Unha | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | ![]() |
Vega | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
按發射場
[編輯]Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | ![]() |
11 | 10 | 1 | 0 | |
Cape Canaveral | ![]() |
18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 Pre-launch failure |
Jiuquan | ![]() |
9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Kourou | ![]() |
11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | |
MARS | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Palmachim | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | ![]() |
5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Satish Dhawan | ![]() |
7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Sohae | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Taiyuan | ![]() |
4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
Tanegashima | ![]() |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Uchinoura | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | ![]() |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Vostochny | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | First launch |
Wenchang | ![]() |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | First launch |
Xichang | ![]() |
7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 85 | 82 | 2 | 1 |
按軌道
[編輯]- Transatmospheric
- Low Earth
- Low Earth (ISS)
- Low Earth (SSO)
- Low Earth (retrograde)
- Medium Earth
- Geosychronous
(transfer) - Inclined GSO
- High Earth
- Heliocentric
Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not achieved | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transatmospheric | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Low Earth | 43 | 42 | 2 | 0 | Including 11 to ISS (+1 failed), 1 to Tiangong-2 |
Geosynchronous / transfer | 32 | 32 | 0 | 0 | |
Medium Earth | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
High Earth | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Heliocentric orbit | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Including planetary transfer orbits |
Total | 85 | 83 | 2 | 0 |
參考
[編輯]- 中國國家航天局
- 中國探月網
- Encyclopedia Astronautica
- Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
- 日本宇宙航空研究開發機構
- Jonathan's Space Report(SatCat.txt與Launchlog.txt兩項)
- Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
- NASA
- NASA SpaceFlight.com
- Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
- Space Calander (NASA JPL)
- Southwest Space Archive
- SPACE.com Launch Forecast
- SpaceFlightNow
- Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
- U.S. Space Objects Registry
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|df=
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- ^ Supplemental Handout on the Operation Plan of the X-ray Astronomy Satellite ASTRO-H (Hitomi) (PDF). JAXA Press Release. JAXA. 28 April 2016 [16 May 2021]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於16 May 2021).
- ^ Clark, Stephen. Attitude control failures led to break-up of Japanese astronomy satellite. Spaceflight Now. Pole Star Publications Ltd. 18 April 2016 [21 April 2016]. (原始內容存檔於16 May 2021).
- ^ ChubuSat Instrument Development Project / About ChubuSat-3 Satellite. Nagoya University. 13 April 2016 [13 April 2016]. (原始內容存檔於18 March 2016).
- ^ 106.0 106.1 @JSpOC. Breakup Notification: SL-12 R/B (#33473) @ 0920-0930z on 1Jun16. 20+ associated pieces. No indication of collision. @SpaceTrackOrg. (推文). 2 June 2016 [16 June 2016] –透過Twitter.
- ^ Russian Ullage rocket engine explodes in space. Spaceflight Insider. 4 June 2016 [16 June 2016].