2015年航天活动列表
外观

轨道发射 | |
---|---|
首次 | 1月10日 |
末次 | 12月28日 |
总计 | 87 |
成功 | 82 |
失败 | 4 |
部分失败 | 1 |
标识符 | 83[a] |
各国的首次 | |
卫星 | ![]() ![]() |
宇航员 | ![]() ![]() |
火箭 | |
处女航 | |
退役 | 第聶伯-1 |
载人航天 | |
轨道飞行次数 | 4 |
载人航天人数合计 | 12 |
舱外活动次数 | 7 |
在2015年的航天活动中,中国长征六号、长征十一号运载火箭完成首飞。
2015年全球共尝试了87次轨道发射,其中82次成功,1次部分成功,4次失败。这一年还完成了七次国际空间站宇航员舱外活动。本年大部分轨道发射是由俄罗斯、美国和中国进行的,分别进行了27次、20次和19次发射。
概述
[编辑]2015年2月,欧洲航天局实验升力体航天器——过渡实验飞行器成功进行首次试飞,这是一次接近入轨的亚轨道飞行。
2015年3月,黎明号进入轨道,谷神星成为第一颗被航天器访问的矮行星。2015年7月,新视野号经过9年的航行访问了冥王星-卡戎系统,带回了有关这颗前“第九大行星”(现被归类为矮行星)的大量图片和信息。与此同时,信使号探测器在轨道上观测了4年后受控撞向水星。
2015年11月23日,蓝色起源新谢泼德号亚轨道火箭在发射场附近实现首次动力软着陆,为其推进级的全面重复使用铺平了道路。12月21日,SpaceX猎鹰9号全推力火箭完成首飞,第一级成功着陆。
2015年12月17日,中国发射了暗物质粒子探测卫星“悟空”。
两颗老旧氣象衛星NOAA-16和DMSP5D-2/F13于2015年解体,产生了数百块太空垃圾。这两起案件的根本原因都被怀疑是电池爆炸。
图集
[编辑]轨道发射
[编辑]
已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯。
亚轨道飞行
[编辑]
已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯。
发射时间 (UTC) | 运载火箭 | 火箭编号 | 发射场 | 发射服务提供商 | |||
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有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星) |
载荷用户 | 轨道 | 功能 | 再入时间 (UTC) | 结果 | ||
附注 | |||||||
26 January 09:13 |
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Alaska | Suborbital | Auroral | 26 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~160公里(99英里)? | |||||||
26 January 09:14 |
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Clemson | Suborbital | Auroral | 26 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~130公里(81英里)? | |||||||
26 January 09:46 |
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Alaska | Suborbital | Auroral | 26 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~160公里(99英里)? | |||||||
26 January 09:47 |
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Clemson | Suborbital | Auroral | 26 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~130公里(81英里)? | |||||||
28 January 10:41 |
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USU | Suborbital | Auroral | 28 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~590公里(370英里)? | |||||||
31 January 02:36:00[47] |
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DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 31 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~800公里(500英里) | |||||||
19 February | ![]() |
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DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 19 February | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~100公里(62英里) | |||||||
19 February 22:06 |
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Oslo/Andøya | Suborbital | Technology | 19 February | Successful | ||
Apogee: 365公里(227英里) | |||||||
22 February 07:52 |
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CNES | Suborbital | Microgravity | 22 February | Successful | ||
Apogee: 265公里(165英里) | |||||||
22 February | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 February | Successful | |||
22 February | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 February | Successful | |||
24 February 07:30 |
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DOD | Suborbital | Missile Defense Test | 24 February | Successful | |||
FTX-19 target, apogee: ~150公里(93英里)? | |||||||
24 February 07:30 |
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DOD | Suborbital | Missile Defense Test | 24 February | Successful | |||
FTX-19 target, apogee: ~150公里(93英里)? | |||||||
24 February 07:30 |
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DOD | Suborbital | Missile Defense Test | 24 February | Successful | |||
FTX-19 target, apogee: ~150公里(93英里)? | |||||||
25 February 12:26 |
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AFRL | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 25 February | Successful | ||
Apogee: 300公里(190英里)? | |||||||
26 February | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 26 February | Launch failure[48] | |||
Yu-71 Hypersonic Vehicle Test | |||||||
1 March[49] | ![]() |
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Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 1 March | Successful | ||
Apogee: 134公里(83英里). 1 of 2. | |||||||
1 March[49] | ![]() |
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Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 1 March | Successful | ||
Apogee: 134公里(83英里). 2 of 2. | |||||||
5 March 01:44 |
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DLR | Suborbital | Atmospheric | 5 March | Successful | ||
Apogee: 126公里(78英里), 13 Super Loki meteorological rockets were also launched | |||||||
9 March | ![]() |
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ASFC | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 March | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500公里(310英里)? | |||||||
18 March | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 18 March | Successful | |||
23 March 10:36 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 23 March | Successful | |||
GT214GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
27 March 10:54 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 27 March | Successful | |||
GT215GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
30 March | ![]() |
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DSTO | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 30 March | Successful | ||
9 April | ![]() |
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DRDO | Suborbital | Target | 9 April | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~100公里(62英里) | |||||||
15 April | ![]() |
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Army of Pakistan | Suborbital | Missile test | 15 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: 100公里(62英里) | |||||||
16 April 04:22 |
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Indian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 16 April | Successful | |||
Apogee: 350公里(220英里) | |||||||
18 April 11:01 |
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University of Colorado Boulder | Suborbital | Student Research | 18 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~174公里(108英里) | |||||||
23 April 07:35 |
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DLR/ESA | Suborbital | Microgravity | 23 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: 261公里(162英里) | |||||||
27 April 04:55 |
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DLR/ESA | Suborbital | Microgravity | 27 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: 255公里(158英里) | |||||||
2 May 08:30:01 |
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University of Iowa | Suborbital | X-Ray Astronomy | 2 May | Successful | ||
Apogee: 272公里(169英里) | |||||||
20 May 10:37 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 20 May | Successful | |||
GT212GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
21 May 19:15 |
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CU Boulder | Suborbital | SDO calibration | 21 May | Launch failure | ||
Second stage failure, flight was terminated safety officials about four seconds into the second stage burn after data showed the vehicle was flying off-course. The payload carrying the experiment separated from the rocket and descended via parachute. | |||||||
6 June | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 6 June | Successful | |||
Maiden flight of SM-3 Block IIA Cooperative Development Controlled Test Vehicle-01 (SCD CTV-01) | |||||||
25 June 10:00 |
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CU Boulder | Suborbital | Student experiments | 25 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: 118公里(73英里) | |||||||
26 June | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 26 June | Launch failure | |||
Aegis radar target | |||||||
30 June 04:55 |
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DLR | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 30 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: 252公里(157英里) | |||||||
7 July 10:15 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 7 July | Successful | ||
Apogee: 350公里(220英里) | |||||||
29 July 08:30 |
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MMW E1 | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 29 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 100公里(62英里)?, Aegis MMW E1 target, successful intercept by SM-6 Dual I missile | |||||||
30 July 06:15 |
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MMW E2 | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 30 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 100公里(62英里)?, Aegis MMW E2 target, successful intercept by SM-2 Block IV missile | |||||||
12 August 10:14 |
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Various universities | Suborbital | Student Research | 12 August | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~156km (97 miles).[50] | |||||||
19 August 10:03 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 19 August | Successful | |||
GT213GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
22 August 15:13 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 August | Successful | |||
27 August 17:45 |
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MSU | Suborbital | Solar astronomy | 27 August | Successful | ||
Apogee: 185英里(298公里)[51] | |||||||
3 September 17:01 |
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NASA / JAXA / IAC / IAS | Suborbital | Solar astronomy | 3 September | Successful | ||
Apogee: 167英里(269公里)[52] | |||||||
11 September 11:00:00 |
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HU/UT/TU/JAXA | Suborbital | Microgravity | 11 September | Successful | ||
Apogee: 312 km[53] | |||||||
16 September 19:06 |
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NRL | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 16 September | Successful | ||
Apogee: 299公里(186英里) | |||||||
30 September 08:28 |
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DGA/Marine nationale | Suborbital | Test flight | 30 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500公里(310英里), apparently launched from the land test pad, rather than from a submarine. | |||||||
2 October 05:39:00 |
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SNSB | Suborbital | Atmospheric Research | 2 October | Successful | ||
Apogee: 246公里(153英里) | |||||||
7 October 23:07:00 |
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NASA GSFC | Suborbital | Rocket motor test | 7 October | Successful | ||
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Orbital ATK | Suborbital | Materials Testing | 7 October | Successful | ||
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NASA | Suborbital | Materials Testing | 7 October | Successful | ||
Apogee: 257.5 kilometers (160mi).[54] Test flight of the new Black Brant Mk4 sustainer motor. Other payloads included a cloud of barium and strontium, which was deployed to test the rocket's payload ejection system and was visible for miles along the East Coast of the United States. | |||||||
19 October 14:09:00 |
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SNSB | Suborbital | Atmospheric Research | 19 October | Successful | ||
Apogee: 244公里(152英里) | |||||||
20 October | ![]() |
ADS-15 E2 | ![]() |
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DOD | Suborbital | Target | 20 October | Successful | |||
SM-3 Target, apogee: ~100公里(62英里)? | |||||||
20 October | ![]() |
ADS-15 E2 | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 20 October | Successful | |||
First Aegis-Test in the North Atlantic, successful intercept, apogee: ~100公里(62英里)? | |||||||
21 October 12:45:00 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 21 October | Successful | |||
GT216GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
28 October 11:30 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 October | Successful | |||
30 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 October | Successful | |||
30 October | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 October | Successful | |||
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 October | Successful | |||
31 October 23:00 ? |
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PLA | Suborbital | ABM target | 31 October | Successful | |||
Target | |||||||
31 October 23:00 ? |
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PLA | Suborbital | ABM test | 31 October | Successful | |||
Interceptor, successful intercept | |||||||
1 November 03:05 |
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FTO-02 E2a | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | THAAD target | 1 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 300公里(190英里), successful intercepted | |||||||
1 November 03:07 |
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FTO-02 E2a | ![]() |
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US Army/MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 1 November | Successful | ||
Intercepted target missile, apogee: 100公里(62英里) | |||||||
1 November 03:10 |
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FTO-02 E2a | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | THAAD target | 1 November | Successful | ||
Apogee: 300公里(190英里), successful intercepted | |||||||
1 November 03:12 |
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FTO-02 E2a | ![]() |
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US Army/MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 1 November | Successful | ||
Intercepted target missile, apogee: 100公里(62英里) | |||||||
6 November 15:01 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Four technology demonstration experiments | 6 November | Successful | ||
Mission SL-10, Apogee: 120.7 kilometers (74.98 miles). First private suborbital rocket to demonstrate ejection of recoverable payloads.[55] | |||||||
8 November 02:00 |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 November | Successful | |||
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation 26 (DASO-26) | |||||||
9 November 04:15 |
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DRDO | Suborbital | Missile Test | 9 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~850公里(530英里)? | |||||||
9 November 20:00 |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 November | Successful | |||
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation 26 (DASO-26) | |||||||
14 November | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 November | Successful | |||
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 November | Successful | |||
Missile did not hit its targets at the Kura test site. The warheads did reach the Kamchatka region, but the miss was fairly large, but that was still not significant enough to abort the flight | |||||||
17 November 12:12 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 17 November | Successful | |||
21 November | ![]() |
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IGRC | Suborbital | Missile test | 21 November | Successful | ||
apogee: 150公里(93英里) | |||||||
23 November 17:21 |
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Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | 23 November | Successful | ||
Apogee: 100.5公里(62.4英里). Second test flight of the New Shepard launch system, first to cross the Kármán line, and first to achieve a powered landing of its propulsion stage. | |||||||
25 November 04:17 |
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UMass | Suborbital | Astronomy | 25 November | Successful | ||
apogee: 217公里(135英里) | |||||||
30 November 07:25 |
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Dartmouth College | Suborbital | Auroral research | 30 November | Launch failure | ||
Third stage failure, payload recovered | |||||||
1 December 05:00 |
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SSC | Suborbital | Microgravity | 1 December | Successful | ||
apogee: 270公里(170英里) | |||||||
5 December 04:45 |
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U of M | Suborbital | Astronomy | 5 December | Successful | ||
apogee: 224公里(139英里) | |||||||
8 December | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 8 December | Successful | |||
Second flight of SM-3 Block IIA Cooperative Development Controlled Test Vehicle-02 (SCD CTV-02) | |||||||
10 December 06:12 |
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IAI/IDF | Suborbital | ABM target | 10 December | Successful | |||
Arrow-3 target, successfully intercepted, apogee: ~150公里(93英里) | |||||||
10 December 06:15 |
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IAI/IDF | Suborbital | ABM Test | 10 December | Successful | |||
First test of the Arrow-III against a target, successful intercept over the Mediterranean | |||||||
10 December | ![]() |
FTO-02 E1a | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | SM-3-IB target | 10 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 300公里(190英里), successful intercepted | |||||||
10 December | ![]() |
FTO-02 E1a | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 10 December | Successful | |||
First intercept flight test of a land-based Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) weapon system | |||||||
10 December 13:55 |
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US Army | Suborbital | Target | 10 December | Successful | |||
Target for MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3 MSE test, successfully intercepted | |||||||
11 December | ![]() |
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ASFC | Suborbital | Missile test | 11 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500公里(310英里)? | |||||||
12 December | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 December | Successful | |||
13 December 04:32 |
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New Hampshire | Suborbital | Geospace | 13 December | Successful | ||
Apogee: 447公里(278英里) | |||||||
15 December | ![]() |
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ASFC | Suborbital | Missile test | 15 December | Successful | |||
18 December 06:52 |
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JHU | Suborbital | UV Astronomy | 18 December | Successful | ||
apogee: 282公里(175英里) | |||||||
24 December 17:55 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 24 December | Successful |
深空机动
[编辑]
已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯。
日期 (UTC) | 航天器 | 事件 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|
10 January | Chang'e 5-T1 | Injection into Selenocentric orbit | Departed from Earth–Moon L2 on 4 January. |
11 January[56] | Cassini | 109th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 970 kilometres (603 mi). |
12 February | Cassini | 110th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,200 kilometres (746 mi). |
6 March[57] | Dawn | Enters orbit of Ceres | 1st visit to a dwarf planet. |
16 March | Cassini | 111th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 2,275 kilometres (1,413 mi). |
30 April | MESSENGER | Impact to Mercury[58] | The crash occurred on the side of the planet not visible from Earth. |
7 May | Cassini | 112th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 2,722公里(1,691英里). |
16 June | Cassini | 4th flyby of Dione | Closest approach: 516公里(321英里). |
7 July | Cassini | 113th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 10,953公里(6,806英里). |
14 July | New Horizons | First flyby of Pluto and Charon | 2nd visit to a dwarf planet. Closest approach: 12,500 km (7,800 mi). |
17 August | Cassini | 5th flyby of Dione | Closest approach: 474公里(295英里). |
28 September | Cassini | 114th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,036 kilometres (643 mi). |
14 October | Cassini | Flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 1,839 kilometres (1,142 mi). |
28 October | Cassini | Flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 49公里(30英里). |
12 November | Cassini | 115th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 11,920 kilometres (7,407 mi). |
3 December[59] | Hayabusa2 | Flyby of Earth | Gravity assist |
3 December[60] | PROCYON | Flyby of Earth | Gravity assist en route to cancelled asteroid flyby. |
4 December[61] | Shin'en 2 | Flyby of Earth | Gravity assist |
7 December[62] | Akatsuki | Venus orbit insertion | Akatsuki's 2nd flyby of Venus and 2nd (successful) attempt at orbit insertion. |
19 December | Cassini | Flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 4,999公里(3,106英里). |
舱外活动
[编辑]
已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯。
开始时间 | 持续时间 | 结束时间 | 航天器 | 乘组 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
21 February 12:45 |
6 hours 41 minutes |
19:26 | Expedition 42/43 | ![]() |
Rigged and routed power and data cables at the forward end of the Harmony module as part of preparations for the installation of the International Docking Adapter at PMA-2.[63] |
25 February 11:51 |
6 hours 43 minutes |
18:34 | Expedition 42/43 | ![]() |
Completed power and data cable routing at the forward end of the Harmony module. Removed launch locks from forward and aft berthing ports of Tranquility to prepare for relocation of the Permanent Multipurpose Module and the installation of the Bigelow Expandable Activity Module. Lubricated end effector of Canadarm2.[64][65] |
1 March 11:52 |
5 hours 38 minutes |
17:30 | Expedition 42/43 | ![]() |
Finished cable routing, antenna and retro-reflector installation on both sides of the ISS truss and on other modules in preparation for the installation of the International Docking Adapter at PMA-2 and 3.[66][67] |
10 August 14:20 |
5 hours 31 minutes |
19:51 | Expedition 44/45 | ![]() |
Installed gap spanners on the hull of the station for facilitating movement of crew members on future spacewalks, cleaned windows of the Zvezda Service Module, install fasteners on communications antennas, replaced an aging docking antenna, photographed various locations and hardware on Zvezda and nearby modules, and retrieved a space environment experiment.[68][69] |
28 October 12:03 |
7 hours 16 minutes |
19:19 | Expedition 45 | ![]() |
Prepared a Main Bus Switching Unit for repair, installed a thermal cover on the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, lubricated elements of the Space Station Remote Manipulator System, and routed data and power cables to prepare for the installation of the International Docking Adaptor at PMA-2 and 3.[70] |
6 November 11:22 |
7 hours 48 minutes |
19:10 | Expedition 45 | ![]() |
Worked to restore a portion of the ISS's cooling system to its primary configuration, returning ammonia coolant levels to normal in the primary and backup radiator arrays.[71] |
21 December 13:45 |
3 hours 16 minutes |
16:01 | Expedition 46 | ![]() |
Released a brake on the Mobile Servicing System to allow it to be properly stowed prior to the arrival of a visiting Progress vehicle. Routed cables in preparation for the installation of the Nauka module and the International Docking Adapter, and retrieved tools from a toolbox.[72] |
空间碎片事件
[编辑]发生时间(UTC) | 碎片源 | 事件类型 | 追踪碎片数 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2月3日17:40[73] | DMSP 5D-2/F13(USA-109) | 卫星解体 | 159[74] | 飞机解体很可能是由于电池爆炸引起的。[73][75]该卫星于1995年发射。同一系列的另一颗卫星DMSP5D-2/F11已于2004年解体。[73]预计碎片将在轨道上停留数十年。[76] |
11月25日7:20[77] | NOAA-16 | 卫星解体 | 275[78] | 这颗气象卫星于2000年发射,其结构与2015年2月解体的DMSP卫星相似,因此怀疑其原因相同(电池过热爆炸)。[79] |
12月22日16:00[80] | Briz-M上面级 | 助推器爆炸 | 9[80] | 自2012年发射加拿大Nimiq6通信卫星以来,Briz-M上面级助推器一直存在于地球同步转移轨道上,截至2016年1月26日,已解体为9块碎片。对碎片的轨道分析使爆炸时间确定在2015年12月22日16:00UTC的一分钟之内[80]。此前,Briz-M火箭的另外三级上面级也分别于2007年、2010年和2012年发生爆炸。[81] |
轨道发射统计
[编辑]按国家(区域)
[编辑]就本章节的主旨而言,每次航天飞行所属的国家以火箭的原产国为准,而不是发射服务提供商或发射场所在国。例如,西欧阿丽亚娜空间公司在南美洲圭亚那航天中心发射的联盟号火箭应视作俄罗斯的发射,因为联盟2号是俄罗斯火箭。
- 中国: 19
- 法国: 6
- 意大利: 3
- 印度: 5
- 伊朗: 1
- 日本: 4
- 俄罗斯: 27
- 乌克兰: 2
- 美国: 20
国家(区域) | 发射数 | 成功数 | 失败数 | 部分 失败数 |
备注 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
19 | 19 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
27 | 24 | 2 | 1 | 包括阿丽亚娜空间公司从圭亚那航天中心发射的3次欧洲联盟号火箭 | |
![]() |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 天顶与第聂伯火箭从俄罗斯和/或哈萨克斯坦发射 | |
![]() |
20 | 18 | 2 | 0 | ||
总计 | 87 | 82 | 4 | 1 |
按火箭
[编辑]
已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯。
By family
[编辑]Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane | ![]() |
6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas | ![]() |
9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta | ![]() |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon | ![]() |
7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
GSLV | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-II | ![]() |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March | ![]() |
19 | 19 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | ![]() |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
R-7 | ![]() |
17 | 15 | 1 | 1 | |
R-36 | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Safir | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Strypi | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Universal Rocket | ![]() |
10 | 9 | 1 | 0 | |
Vega | ![]() |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Zenit | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
By type
[编辑]Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane 5 | ![]() |
Ariane | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V | ![]() |
Atlas | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta II | ![]() |
Delta | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV | ![]() |
Delta | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Dnepr | ![]() |
R-36 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Falcon 9 | ![]() |
Falcon | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
GSLV | ![]() |
GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA | ![]() |
H-II | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | ![]() |
H-II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2 | ![]() |
Long March | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3 | ![]() |
Long March | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4 | ![]() |
Long March | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 6 | ![]() |
Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 11 | ![]() |
Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Proton | ![]() |
Universal Rocket | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | |
PSLV | ![]() |
PSLV | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Safir | ![]() |
Safir | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz | ![]() |
R-7 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2 | ![]() |
R-7 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 1 | |
Super Strypi | ![]() |
Strypi | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
UR-100 | ![]() |
Universal Rocket | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | ![]() |
Vega | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Zenit | ![]() |
Zenit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
By configuration
[编辑]Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane 5 ECA | ![]() |
Ariane 5 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 401 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 421 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 501 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 551 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta II 7320 | ![]() |
Delta II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (4,2) | ![]() |
Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (5,4) | ![]() |
Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Dnepr | ![]() |
R-36 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Falcon 9 v1.1 | ![]() |
Falcon 9 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 Full Thrust | ![]() |
Falcon 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
GSLV Mk II | ![]() |
GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA 202 | ![]() |
H-IIA | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA 204 | ![]() |
H-IIA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | ![]() |
H-IIB | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2D | ![]() |
Long March 2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B/E | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B / YZ-1 | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 3C/E / YZ-1 | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 4B | ![]() |
Long March 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4C | ![]() |
Long March 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 6 | ![]() |
Long March 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 11 | ![]() |
Long March 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Proton-M / Blok DM-03 | ![]() |
Proton | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-M / Briz-M | ![]() |
Proton | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
PSLV-CA | ![]() |
PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-XL | ![]() |
PSLV | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Rokot / Briz-KM | ![]() |
UR-100 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Safir-1B | ![]() |
Safir | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz ST-B / Fregat-MT | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2-1v / Volga | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Soyuz-FG | ![]() |
Soyuz | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-U | ![]() |
Soyuz | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Super Strypi | ![]() |
Strypi | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Vega | ![]() |
Vega | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Zenit-3F | ![]() |
Zenit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
按发射场
[编辑]
已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯。
5
10
15
20
25
30
China
France
India
Iran
Japan
Kazakhstan
Russia
United States
Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | ![]() |
18 | 16 | 2 | 0 | |
Barking Sands | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Cape Canaveral | ![]() |
17 | 16 | 1 | 0 | |
Dombarovsky | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Kourou | ![]() |
12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | |
Jiuquan | ![]() |
5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | ![]() |
7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | |
Satish Dhawan | ![]() |
5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Semnan | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Taiyuan | ![]() |
5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Tanegashima | ![]() |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | ![]() |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Xichang | ![]() |
9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 87 | 82 | 4 | 1 |
按轨道
[编辑]
已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯。
10
20
30
40
50
- Transatmospheric
- Low Earth
- Low Earth (ISS)
- Low Earth (SSO)
- Low Earth (retrograde)
- Geosychronous
(transfer) - Medium Earth
- High Earth
- Heliocentric
Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not achieved | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transatmospheric | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Low Earth | 45 | 42 | 2 | 1 | 14 to ISS (1 launch failure, 1 failure post-separation) |
Geosynchronous/transfer | 32 | 31 | 1 | 0 | |
Medium Earth | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
High Earth | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 87 | 83 | 3 | 1 |
注释
[编辑]参考
[编辑]- ^ @elonmusk. Rocket made it to drone spaceport ship, but landed hard. Close, but no cigar this time. Bodes well for the future tho. (推文). 2015-01-10 [2015-04-04] –通过Twitter.
- ^ Brazilian AESP-14 CubeSat was deployed from Kibo. JAXA. 5 February 2015 [17 September 2015].
- ^ Flock-1, -1b, -1c, -1d, -1d', -1e, -1f, -2, -2b, -2c, -2d, -2e. space.skyrocket.de. [17 September 2015].
- ^ FIREBIRD 3. N2YO.com. 2 August 2023 [2 December 2023].
- ^ FIREBIRD 4. N2YO.com. 2 August 2023 [2 December 2023].
- ^ 情報収集衛星レーダ予備機の運用終了について (PDF). CSICE. 31 July 2024 [3 August 2024] (日语).
- ^ Elon Musk at Twitter: "Ascent successful. Dragon enroute to Space Station. Rocket landed on droneship, but too hard for survival."
- ^ РОСКОСМОС: "ПРОГРЕСС М-27М" - ОПРЕДЕЛЕНА ПРИЧИНА АВАРИИ (ROSCOSMOS: "Progress M-27M" - cause of accident determined). Roscosmos. 1 June 2015 [1 June 2015]. (原始内容存档于11 June 2015) (俄语).
- ^ Hout, Dan. Progress 59 Update Apr. 30, 2015. NASA Blogs: Space Station. NASA. 30 April 2015 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021).
- ^ Russian spacecraft Progress M-27M 'out of control'. BBC News. British Broadcasting Company. 29 April 2015 [30 April 2015].
- ^ РОСКОСМОС: НАЗВАНА ПРИЧИНА АВАРИИ РН "ПРОТОН-М" (ROSCOSMOS: Named cause of the accident "Proton-M"). Roscosmos. 29 May 2015 [30 May 2015]. (原始内容存档于30 May 2015) (俄语).
- ^ Ray, Justin. X-37B spaceplane returns to Earth and makes autopilot landing in Florida. Spaceflight Now. 7 May 2017 [7 May 2017].
- ^ AEROCUBE 8A. N2YO.com. [27 October 2021].
- ^ AEROCUBE 8B - Norad 40660U. Satview. [8 October 2021].
- ^ CRS-7 INVESTIGATION UPDATE. SpaceX. 20 July 2015 [28 July 2015]. (原始内容存档于26 March 2017).
- ^ @planet4589. Dragon also will carry eight @planetlabs Flock-1f imaging cubesats which will be stored on ISS for later deployment (推文). 27 June 2015 –通过Twitter.
- ^ ISS Daily Summary Report – 10/7/15. NASA. 7 October 2015 [26 October 2015].
- ^ Stork Set to Make Special Space Station Delivery. NASA. 14 August 2015.
- ^ GomSpace - GOMX-3 mission completed and de-orbited according to plan (PDF). 21 October 2016 [8 December 2016]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于20 December 2016). 已忽略未知参数
|df=
(帮助) - ^ 千葉工業大学 惑星探査研究センター. 24 November 2016 [8 December 2016] (日语).
- ^ Brightman steps down from station flight. spaceflightnow.com. 13 May 2015.
- ^ Jeff Foust. Kazakh Cosmonaut To Take Brightman's Place On Soyuz Flight. SpaceNews.com. 22 June 2015.
- ^ ESA. Andreas Mogensen's mission name links cosmos and Earth. [22 June 2015].
- ^ NUDT-PHONESAT. N2YO.com. 29 March 2023 [31 March 2023].
- ^ XW-2A. N2YO.com. 25 April 2023 [15 January 2024].
- ^ TIANWANG 1A (TW-1A). N2YO.com. 30 December 2022 [9 January 2023].
- ^ TIANWANG 1B (TW-1B). N2YO.com. 31 March 2021 [27 October 2021].
- ^ TIANWANG 1C (TW-1C). N2YO.com. 27 February 2021 [27 October 2021].
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. Jilin-1 Smart Verfication [sic] Satellite. Gunter's Space Page. [10 January 2019].
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. Jilin-1 Optical-A, B. Gunter's Space Page. [10 January 2019].
- ^ 31.0 31.1 Krebs, Gunter. Jilin-1 Video-01, 02 (Lingqiao 1-01, 02). Gunter's Space Page. [10 January 2019].
- ^ Bergin, Chris; Graham, William. Soyuz 2-1B launches EKS-1 to upgrade Russian Early Warning System. NASASpaceflight.com. 17 November 2015 [16 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于16 May 2021).
- ^ Russia's 1st EKS Missile Warning Satellite enters surprising Orbit. 18 November 2015 [2015-11-20].
- ^ Новейший спутник Минобороны РФ вышел на связь и работает нормально РИА Новости. 17 November 2015 [2015-11-17].
- ^ Clark, Stephen. China launches first satellite for Laos. Spaceflight Now. [27 November 2015].
- ^ Russian Military Satellite Suffers Launch Failure, Will Crash Soon. Space.com. 7 December 2015.
- ^ Russian Soyuz-2.1v launch a partial failure - SpaceFlight Insider. www.spaceflightinsider.com. 7 December 2015.
- ^ Private Cargo Spacecraft Gets New Rocket Ride After Accident. Space.com. 9 December 2014 [2015-04-04].
- ^ The Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer (MinXSS). University of Colorado Boulder. [19 April 2018].
- ^ SIMPL. N2YO.com. 26 July 2022 [18 August 2022].
- ^ FLOCK 2E-8. N2YO.com. 25 July 2017 [20 October 2023].
- ^ FLOCK 2E-8. N2YO.com. 14 August 2018 [20 October 2023].
- ^ CADRE. N2YO.com. [19 August 2019].
- ^ MINXSS. N2YO.com. [19 August 2019].
- ^ NODES 2. N2YO.com. [19 August 2019].
- ^ STMSAT 1. N2YO.com. [19 August 2019].
- ^ Agni-V's maiden canister trial successful | Zee News. Zeenews.india.com. 2015-01-31 [2015-04-04].
- ^ Podvig, Pavel. Flight test of a Project 4202 vehicle. Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. 26 February 2015.
- ^ 49.0 49.1 The CNS North Korea Missile Test Database. Nuclear Threat Initiative. [2025-01-17].
- ^ Black, Patrick. NASA Launches Student Experiments from Wallops. NASA. 12 August 2015.
- ^ Frazier, Sarah. NASA-Funded MOSES-2 Sounding Rocket to Investigate Coronal Heating / Update. NASA. 28 August 2015 [18 September 2015].
- ^ NASA's 'CLASP' Mission Set to Gauge Upper Solar Chromosphere's Magnetic Field / Update - Sept. 4, 2015. 4 September 2015 [18 September 2015].
- ^ 観測ロケットS-520-30号機 打上げ結果について. JAXA. 16 September 2015 [18 September 2015] (日语).
- ^ Latrell, Joe. NASA Launches Student Experiments from Wallops. Spaceflight Insider. 8 October 2015.
- ^ Spaceport America's 24th Launch – an UP Aerospace SpaceLoft Rocket Demonstrated the Capability to Eject Separate Payloads Requiring Independent Re-entry. Spaceport America. 6 November 2015 [14 November 2015]. (原始内容存档于16 January 2016). 已忽略未知参数
|df=
(帮助) - ^ Cassini Solstice Mission: Saturn Tour Dates: 2015. Cassini Solstice Mission. (原始内容存档于18 May 2015).
- ^ Dawn Spacecraft Begins Approach to Dwarf Planet Ceres. NASA. 29 December 2014.
- ^ From Mercury orbit, MESSENGER watches a lunar eclipse. Planetary Society. 10 October 2014.
- ^ Asteroid Explorer "Hayabusa2" Topics. JAXA. 2 November 2015.
- ^ Emily Lakdawalla. PROCYON update: Asteroid 2000 DP107 target selected, ion engine stopped. The Planetary Society. 13 April 2015.
- ^ Keiichi Okuyama-Lab. Kyushu Institute of Technology.
- ^ Crippled space probe bound for second chance at Venus. Spaceflight Now. [21 November 2011].
- ^ First of Three Spacewalks Complete | Space Station. Blogs.nasa.gov. 2015-02-21 [2015-04-04].
- ^ Wilmore and Virts Begin Their Second Spacewalk. NASA. 2015-02-25 [2015-02-25].
- ^ Pete Harding. EVA-30 concluded latest ISS commercial crew preparations. NASASpaceflight.com. 2015-02-25 [2015-02-25].
- ^ Spacewalkers Install C2V2 Cables. NASA. 2015-03-01 [2015-03-01].
- ^ Chris Bergin. Spacewalkers install new comms system for future vehicles. NASASpaceflight.com. 2015-03-01 [2015-03-01].
- ^ Cosmonauts Complete Russian Spacewalk. NASA. 2015-08-10 [2015-08-11]. (原始内容存档于23 April 2019).
- ^ David Štula. RS-41: Cosmonaut duo complete the only Russian spacewalk of 2015. NASASpaceflight.com. 2015-08-10 [2015-08-11].
- ^ NASA Astronauts Complete Their First Spacewalk – Space Station. blogs.nasa.gov. [29 October 2015]. (原始内容存档于2 June 2020).
- ^ Pair of NASA Astronauts Wrap Up Second Spacewalk – Space Station. blogs.nasa.gov. [10 November 2015]. (原始内容存档于2 June 2020).
- ^ Astronauts Make Quick Work of Short Spacewalk – Space Station. blogs.nasa.gov. [21 December 2015]. (原始内容存档于19 October 2019).
- ^ 73.0 73.1 73.2 Recent Breakup of a DMSP Satellite (PDF). Orbital Debris Quarterly News (NASA). April 2015, 19 (2) [8 February 2016]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-05-03).
- ^ T.S. Kelso, CelesTrak. We have TLEs for 10 more pieces of debris from DMSP 5D-2 F13, which brings the total to 159 so far.. 11 June 2015 [8 February 2016].
- ^ Berger, Brian; Gruss, Mike. 20-year-old Military Weather Satellite Apparently Exploded in Orbit. Space News. 27 February 2015 [28 February 2015].
- ^ Gruss, Mike. DMSP-F13 Debris To Stay On Orbit for Decades. Space News. 2015-05-06 [7 May 2015].
- ^ T.S. Kelso [@TSKelso]. Preliminary analysis of initial TLEs for NOAA 16 debris suggests an event time of 2015 Nov 25 @ ~0720 UTC. (推文). 5 December 2015 [8 February 2016] –通过Twitter.
- ^ T.S. Kelso, CelesTrak [@TSKelso]. That brings the total so far for the NOAA 16 debris event to 275 pieces, with none having decayed from orbit. (推文). 26 March 2016 [28 March 2016] –通过Twitter.
- ^ NOAA Weather Satellite suffers in-orbit Breakup. 25 November 2015 [8 February 2016].
- ^ 80.0 80.1 80.2 Joint Space Operations Center [@JSpOC]. JSpOC confirms breakup of BREEZE-M R/B (#38343). Analysis shows it occurred Dec 22, 2015, 1600Z +/-1 min. 9 associated pieces. #38343Breakup (推文). 26 January 2016 [28 March 2016] –通过Twitter.
- ^ Clark, Stephen. Rocket explosion raises worries over space debris. Spaceflight Now. 24 October 2012 [28 March 2016].
外部链接
[编辑]- 中国国家航天局
- 中国探月网
- Encyclopedia Astronautica
- Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
- 日本宇宙航空研究開發機構
- Jonathan's Space Report(SatCat.txt与Launchlog.txt两项)
- Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
- NASA
- NASA SpaceFlight.com
- Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
- Space Calander (NASA JPL)
- Southwest Space Archive
- SPACE.com Launch Forecast
- SpaceFlightNow
- Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
- U.S. Space Objects Registry