2000年航天活動列表
外观

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轨道发射 | |
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首次 | 1月21日 |
末次 | 12月27日 |
总计 | 85 |
成功 | 81 |
失败 | 4 |
标识符 | 82 |
火箭 | |
处女航 | 擎天神3A 呼啸Briz-KM上面级构型 |
退役 | 长征三号 德尔塔3号 |
载人航天 | |
轨道飞行次数 | 7 |
载人航天人数合计 | 37 |
本文概述了2000年航天领域发生的重大事件,包括主要发射和舱外活动。
国际空间站首次远征任务
[编辑]联盟TM-31是首个与国际空间站对接的联盟号飞船。它搭载了远征1任务的乘组,即首批长期在国际空间站驻留的宇航员。联盟TM-31于2000年10月31日07:52(UTC)从哈萨克斯坦拜科努尔航天发射场由联盟-U运载火箭发射升空。
轨道发射
[编辑]
已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯。
发射时间 (UTC) | 运载火箭 | 火箭编号 | 发射场 | 发射服务提供商 | |||
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有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星) |
载荷用户 | 轨道 | 功能 | 再入时间 (UTC) | 结果 | ||
附注 | |||||||
January[编辑] | |||||||
21 January 01:03[1] |
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
25 January 01:04[2] |
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PanAmSat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
25 January 16:45[3] |
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ChinaSat / CAST | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
27 January 03:03[4] |
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Weber State/USAF Academy | Low Earth | Plasma research | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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USAF Academy | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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Arizona State | Low Earth | Imaging/Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Laser calibration | 3 March 2001 | Successful | ||
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Stanford | Low Earth | Picosatellite deployment | 在轨 | Successful | ||
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AMSAT | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Spacecraft failure | ||
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DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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Santa Clara | Low Earth | 在轨 | Spacecraft failure | |||
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Santa Clara | Low Earth | 在轨 | Spacecraft failure | |||
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Santa Clara | Low Earth | 在轨 | Spacecraft failure | |||
Maiden flight of Minotaur I Thelma, Louise, JAK, and STENSAT failed to contact ground after deployment from OPAL Thelma & Louise deployed on 12 February, JAK & STENSAT on 11 February Picosats also deployed from OPAL at 03:34 UTC on 7 February | |||||||
February[编辑] |
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1 February 06:47[5] |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (Mir) | Logistics | 26 April 19:27 |
Successful | ||
Maiden flight of Progress-M1 spacecraft | |||||||
3 February 09:26[6] |
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MO RF | Low Earth | ELINT | 在轨 | Operational | ||
3 February 23:30[1] |
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Hispasat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Deactivated 2 June 2017 | ||
8 February 21:24[7] |
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
8 February 23:00[5] |
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ST-07 | ![]() |
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ESA | Low Earth | Recoverable experiments | 9 February | Partial Failure | ||
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ESA | Low Earth | Recoverable experiments | 9 February | Partial Failure | ||
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Lavochkin | Low Earth | Boilerplate | 在轨 | Successful | ||
Maiden flight of Soyuz-U/Fregat Variant. First flight of the Fregat Upper stage. Damage to the inflatable heat shield of IRDT led to high landing speed which damaged the spacecraft. Mission Designated:Demonstrator. | |||||||
10 February 01:30[8] |
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ISAS | Intended: Low Earth | Astronomy | 10 February | Launch failure | ||
Loss of control during first stage burn | |||||||
11 February 17:43[9] |
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NASA | Low Earth | Radar topography | 22 February | Successful | ||
Crewed orbital flight with six astronauts Shuttle Radar Topography Mission | |||||||
12 February 09:10[10] |
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ACeS | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
18 February 01:04[2] |
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SCC | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
March[编辑] |
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12 March 04:07[10] |
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RSCC | Geosynchronous | Communications | 2015 | Successful | ||
12 March 09:29[11] |
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U.S. Air Force / Sandia | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 14 May 2022[12] | Successful | ||
12 March 14:19[6] |
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ICO | Intended: Medium Earth | Communications | 12 March | Launch Failure | ||
Programming error led to premature second stage cutoff. | |||||||
20 March 18:28[5] |
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ST-08 | ![]() |
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Starsem | Medium Earth | Boilerplate | 在轨 | Successful | ||
21 March 23:28[13] |
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ISRO | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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1worldspace | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
25 March 20:34[7] |
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NASA | High Earth | Aurora research | 在轨 | Intermittent contact | ||
April[编辑] |
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4 April 05:01[5] |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (Mir) | Mir EO-28 | 16 June 00:34 |
Successful | ||
Crewed orbital flight with two cosmonauts Final crewed flight to the Mir space station | |||||||
17 April 21:06[10] |
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Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 13 February 2018 | Deactivated | ||
19 April 00:29[2] |
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PanAmSat | Geosynchronous | Communications | April 2009 | Deactivated | ||
25 April 20:08[5] |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (Mir) | Logistics | 15 October | Successful | ||
May[编辑] |
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3 May 07:07[1] |
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NOAA/NASA | Geostationary | Meteorology | 15 December 2011 | Deactivated | ||
3 May 13:25[5] |
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MO RF | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 3 May 2001 | Successful | ||
8 May 16:01[14] |
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Early warning | 在轨 | Operational | ||
11 May 01:48[7] |
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US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
16 May 08:27[15] |
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Eurockot | Low Earth | Boilerplate | 在轨 | Successful | ||
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Eurockot | Low Earth | Boilerplate | 在轨 | Successful | ||
Maiden flight of Rokot / Briz-KM Variant. First launch of Eurockot. First launch of Rokot from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. First launch of Rokot outside a silo. | |||||||
19 May 10:11[16] |
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS assembly | 29 May 06:20 |
Successful | ||
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NASA/Spacehab | Low Earth (Atlantis) | Logistics | Successful | |||
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts | |||||||
24 May 23:10[1] |
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Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Maiden flight of Atlas IIIA. | |||||||
June[编辑] |
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6 June 02:59[10] |
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RSCC | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
7 June 13:19[17] |
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US Air Force / Royal Air Force | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
24 June 00:28[10] |
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Intersputnik | Geosynchronous | Communications | September 2009 | Deactivated | ||
25 June 11:50[3] |
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CASC | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Final flight of Long March 3 | |||||||
28 June 10:37[18] |
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MO RF | Low Earth (SSO) | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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Tsinghua | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology development | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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SSTL | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology development | 在轨 | Operational | ||
30 June 12:56[1] |
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NASA | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
First advanced TDRS satellite | |||||||
30 June 22:08[10] |
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Sirius | Tundra | Communications | 2016 | Deactivated | ||
July[编辑] |
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4 July 23:44[10] |
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MO RF | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
12 July 04:56[10] |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS component | 在轨 | Operational | ||
ISS flight 1R | |||||||
14 July 05:21[1] |
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EchoStar | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
15 July 12:00[18] |
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DLR | Low Earth | Geophysics | 19 September 2010 09:43[19] |
Successful | ||
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ASI | Low Earth | Particle detection | 15 August 2001 | Successful | ||
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OHB-System | Low Earth | Monitor carrier rocket | 30 August 2001 | Successful | ||
Rubin 1 was permanently attached to the second stage of Kosmos-3M | |||||||
16 July 09:17[7] |
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US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
16 July 12:39[5] |
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ESA | High Earth | Magnetosphere research | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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ESA | High Earth | Magnetosphere research | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Cluster II mission | |||||||
19 July 20:09[4] |
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US Air Force/DARPA | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 11 December 2002 | Successful | ||
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Technology development | 7 November 2002 | Successful | ||
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Technology development | 7 November 2002 | Successful | ||
28 July 22:42[6] |
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PanAmSat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
August[编辑] |
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6 August 18:26[5] |
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Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 1 November 07:05 |
Successful | ||
ISS flight 1P | |||||||
9 August 11:13[5] |
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ESA | High Earth | Magnetosphere research | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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ESA | High Earth | Magnetosphere research | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Cluster II mission. | |||||||
17 August 23:16[2] |
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Embratel | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Successful[20] | ||
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Nilesat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
17 August 23:45[14] |
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NRO | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
NROL-11 Mission. | |||||||
23 August 11:05[7] |
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Boeing IDS | Intended: Geostationary transfer Actual: Medium Earth |
Boilerplate / Calibration target | 31 December 2019[21] | Partial failure | ||
Payload placed in lower orbit than expected due to atmospheric conditions. Final flight of Delta III. | |||||||
28 August 20:08[10] |
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MO RF | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
September[编辑] | |||||||
1 September 03:25[3] |
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CAST | Low Earth | Imaging | 在轨 | Operational | ||
5 September 09:43[10] |
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Sirius | Tundra | Communications | 在轨 | Deactivated 2016 | ||
6 September 22:23[2] |
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Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
8 September 12:45[22] |
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS assembly | 20 September 07:56 |
Successful | ||
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NASA/Spacehab | Low Earth (Atlantis) | Logistics | Successful | |||
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts | |||||||
14 September 22:54[13] |
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SES | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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GE Americom | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
21 September 10:22[14] |
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NOAA/NASA | Sun-synchronous | Weather satellite | 25 November 2015[23] | Successful | ||
25 September 10:10[6] |
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MO RF | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 20 April 2001 | Successful | ||
26 September 10:05[24] |
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ASTB | Low Earth | Earth Imaging | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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MegSat | Low Earth | Research | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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Universita degli Studi | Low Earth | Earth Imaging | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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SISR | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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SISR | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
29 September 09:30[5] |
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MO RF | Low Earth | Cartography | 14 November 22:53 |
Successful | ||
October[编辑] | |||||||
1 October 22:00[10] |
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GE Americom | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
6 October 23:00 |
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SCC/JSAT Corporation | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
9 October 05:38[17] |
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NASA/MIT | Low Earth | Astronomy | 在轨 | Operational | ||
11 October 23:17[25] |
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS assembly | 24 October 22:00 |
Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS component | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS component | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts 100th flight of the Space Shuttle program | |||||||
13 October 14:12[10] |
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KNITs | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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KNITs | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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KNITs | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
16 October 21:27[5] |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (Mir) | Logistics | 29 January 2001 | Successful | ||
20 October 00:40[1] |
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
21 October 05:52[6] |
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Thuraya | Operational: Geosychronous Actual: Graveyard |
Communications | 在轨 | Successful | ||
Thuraya 1 retired in May 2007 | |||||||
21 October 22:00[10] |
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GE Americom | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
29 October 05:59[2] |
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EuropeStar F1 | EuropeStar | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
100th Ariane 4 launch | |||||||
30 October 16:02[3] |
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CNSA | Geosynchronous | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
31 October 07:52[5] |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS Expedition 1 | 5 June 2001 05:41 |
Successful | ||
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts | |||||||
November[编辑] | |||||||
10 November 17:14[7] |
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US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Successful | ||
16 November 01:07[13] |
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PanAmSat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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AMSAT | High Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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DERA | Geostationary transfer | Technology development | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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DERA | Geostationary transfer | Technology development | 在轨 | Operational | ||
16 November 01:32[5] |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 8 February 2001[26] 13:50 |
Successful | ||
ISS flight 2P | |||||||
20 November 23:00[18] |
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EarthWatch | Intended: Low Earth | Earth Imaging | 21 November ~00:30 |
Launch Failure | ||
Second stage failed to restart | |||||||
21 November 18:24[7] |
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NASA | Low Earth | Technology development | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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CONAE | Low Earth | Earth Observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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SISP | Low Earth | Particle detection Auroral observation |
在轨 | Operational | ||
21 November 23:56[2] |
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Telesat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
30 November 19:59[10] |
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Sirius | Tundra | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
December[编辑] | |||||||
1 December 03:06[27] |
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS assembly | 11 December 23:03 |
Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS component | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts | |||||||
5 December 12:32[28] |
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Imagesat | Low Earth | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
6 December 02:47[1] |
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
NRO L-10 | |||||||
20 December 00:26[13] |
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SES | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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GE Americom | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
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NASDA | Geostationary transfer | Technology development | 21 March 2010 03:40[29] |
Failure | ||
LDREX failed to deploy | |||||||
20 December 16:20[3] |
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CNSA | Geosynchronous | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
27 December 09:56[24] |
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Rosaviakosmos | Intended: Low Earth | Communications | 27 December | Launch Failure | ||
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Rosaviakosmos | Intended: Low Earth | Communications | ||||
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Rosaviakosmos | Intended: Low Earth | Communications | ||||
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Intended: Low Earth | Communications | |||||
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Intended: Low Earth | Communications | |||||
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Intended: Low Earth | Communications | |||||
Third stage malfunction |
亚轨道发射
[编辑]发射时间 (UTC) | 运载火箭 | 火箭编号 | 发射场 | 发射服务提供商 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星) |
载荷用户 | 轨道 | 功能 | 再入时间 (UTC) | 结果 | ||
附注 | |||||||
1至12月[编辑] | |||||||
1月19日 02:19[4] |
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弹道导弹防御组织 | 亚轨道 | 反弹道导弹试验 | 发射后约30分钟 | 成功 |
深空机动
[编辑]日期 (UTC) | 航天器 | 事件 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|
1月3日 | 伽利略号探测器 | 第十二次飞掠木卫二 | |
1月23日 | 卡西尼号探测器 | 飞掠小行星2685 | |
2月14日 | 会合-舒梅克号 | 首个小行星轨道器;进入爱神星轨道 | |
2月22日 | 伽利略号探测器 | 第三次飞掠木卫一 | |
5月20日 | 伽利略号探测器 | 第五次飞掠木卫三 | |
12月28日 | 伽利略号探测器 | 第六次飞掠木卫三 | |
12月30日 | 卡西尼号探测器 | 飞掠木星 | 引力弹弓 |
舱外活动
[编辑]
已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯。
Start Date/Time | 开始时间 | 持续时间 | 结束时间 | 航天器 | 乘组 | 工作内容 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12 May 10:44 |
5 hours 3 minutes |
15:47 | Mir EO-28 Kvant-2 |
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Tested a leak sealant and inspected a malfunctioning solar panel on Kvant-1. A final photographic record of the outer surfaces of Mir was made during a panorama-inspection.[31] | Final EVA conducted from the Mir space station. | |
22 May 01:48 |
6 hours 44 minutes |
08:32 | STS-101 ISS 亚特兰蒂斯号 |
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Inspected and secured the Orbital Replacement Unit Transfer Device, completed assembly of Strela cargo crane, and replaced one of Unity's two early communication antennas.[16] | ||
11 September 04:47 |
6 hours 14 minutes |
11:01 | STS-106 ISS Atlantis |
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Attached cabling that integrated the Zvezda module fully to the rest of the ISS, and constructed and attached a magnetometer that serves as a backup navigation system for the station.[22] | ||
15 October 14:27 |
6 hours 28 minutes |
20:55 | STS-92 ISS 发现号 |
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Connected two sets of cables to provide power to heaters and conduits located on the Z1 truss, relocated two communication antenna assemblies, and installed a toolbox for use during future on-orbit construction.[25] | ||
16 October 14:15 |
7 hours 7 minutes |
21:22 | STS-92 ISS Discovery |
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Installed the PMA-3 docking port, and prepared the Z1 truss for the installation of the solar arrays.[25] | ||
17 October 14:30 |
6 hours 48 minutes |
21:18 | STS-92 ISS Discovery |
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Installed two DC-to-DC converter units atop the Z1 truss.[25] | ||
18 October 15:00 |
6 hours 56 minutes |
21:56 | STS-92 ISS Discovery |
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Removed a grapple fixture on the Z1 truss, deployed a Z1 utility tray, Manual Berthing Mechanism latches for Z1 were cycled and opened, and demonstrated the SAFER pack's abilities.[25] | ||
3 December 18:35 |
7 hours 33 minutes |
4 December 02:08 |
STS-97 ISS 奋进号 |
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Attached the P6 truss to the Z1 Truss, and prepared the solar arrays and radiator for deployment.[27] | ||
5 December 17:21 |
6 hours 37 minutes |
23:58 | STS-97 ISS Endeavour |
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Configured the space station to use power from P6. Positioned the S-band antenna for use by the space station. Prepared the station for the arrival of Destiny.[27] | ||
7 December 16:13 |
5 hours 10 minutes |
21:23 | STS-97 ISS Endeavour |
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Positioned a floating potential probe to measure the plasma field surrounding the space station, performed repair work to increase tension in the starboard solar array blankets that did not stretch out completely during deployment, and installed a centerline camera cable outside the Unity node.[27] |
轨道发射统计
[编辑]按国家(区域)
[编辑]- 中国: 5
- 美国: 28
- 欧洲: 12
- 日本: 1
- 俄罗斯: 38
- 乌克兰: 1
国家(区域) | 发射数 | 成功数 | 失败数 | 部分 失败数 |
备注 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
28 | 28 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
![]() |
38 | 35 | 3 | 0 | ||
![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
总计 | 85 | 81 | 4 | 0 |
参考
[编辑]- 中国国家航天局
- 中国探月网
- Encyclopedia Astronautica
- Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
- 日本宇宙航空研究開發機構
- Jonathan's Space Report(SatCat.txt与Launchlog.txt两项)
- Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
- NASA
- NASA SpaceFlight.com
- Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
- Space Calander (NASA JPL)
- Southwest Space Archive
- SPACE.com Launch Forecast
- SpaceFlightNow
- Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
- U.S. Space Objects Registry
脚注
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Atlas. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Ariane. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - DF5. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Minuteman. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - R-7. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Zenit. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Thor. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - MV. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ Ryba, Jeanne. STS-99. Mission Archives. NASA. 12 February 2010 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Proton. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - MX. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ MTI. N2YO.com. 14 May 2022 [16 May 2022]. (原始内容存档于3 February 2023).
- ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Ariane 5. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Titan. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - UR-100N. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 16.0 16.1 Ryba, Jeanne. STS-101. Mission Archives. NASA. 15 February 2010 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于14 March 2022).
- ^ 17.0 17.1 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Pegasus. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 18.0 18.1 18.2 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - R-14. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ CHAMP Satellite. Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies. The Aerospace Corporation. (原始内容存档于13 May 2012).
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan [@planet4589]. The Star One B4 satellite, originally called Brasilsat B4, was launched in 2000 to 92 deg W. It appears to have been moved up to the 'GEO graveyard' and retired on Jun 15. (推文). 6 July 2021 [7 July 2021] –通过Twitter.
- ^ DM-F3. N2YO.com. [14 January 2020]. (原始内容存档于3 February 2023).
- ^ 22.0 22.1 Ryba, Jeanne. STS-106. Mission Archives. NASA. 15 February 2010 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于14 March 2022).
- ^ NOAA Weather Satellite suffers in-orbit Breakup. 25 November 2015 [8 February 2016]. (原始内容存档于3 February 2023).
- ^ 24.0 24.1 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - R-36. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 Ryba, Jeanne. STS-92. Mission Archives. NASA. 15 February 2010 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于14 March 2022).
- ^ Progress M1-4 - Trajectory. NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 Ryba, Jeanne. STS-97. Mission Archives. NASA. 15 February 2010 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于13 April 2022).
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Topol. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ LDREX satellite. Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies. The Aerospace Corporation. (原始内容存档于13 May 2012).
- ^ Mathew, Dean. A Failure Revisited: Closer Look at the Jan 2000 NMD Test. Strategic Analysis (Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses). April 2000, XXIV (1) [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ Wade, Mark. Soyuz TM-30. Encyclopedia Astronautica. 2008 [2022-04-17]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-25).