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2012年航天活动列表

本页使用了标题或全文手工转换
维基百科,自由的百科全书
2012年航天活动
龙飞船(如图)于2012年5月进行了首次商业轨道运输服务演示补给飞行,成为第一艘与国际空间站交會對接商业航天器
轨道发射
首次1月9日
末次12月19日
总计77
成功72
失败2
部分失败3
标识符75
各国的首次
卫星 匈牙利
 波蘭
 羅馬尼亞
 白俄羅斯
 朝鲜
轨道发射 朝鲜
火箭
处女航
退役
载人航天
轨道飞行次数5
载人航天人数合计15
舱外活动次数5
2012年航天活动列表
← 2011
2013 →

2012年,航天领域发生了许多重大事件。商业轨道运输服务的前两次补给任务分别在5月和10月进行,SpaceX货运龙飞船由此成为第一艘与国际空间站对接的私人航天器;6月,中国发射了神舟九号载人飞船,朝鲜则于12月成功实现了首次轨道发射。2012年,中国成功完成首次小行星探测任务美国宇航局‘好奇号探测器’则成功登陆火星欧空局织女星和朝鲜的银河3号运载火箭于2012年首次飞行,而俄罗斯航天集团质子K型则进行了最后一次飞行。

2012年共尝试了77次轨道发射,其中72次成功,3次部分成功,2次失败。2012年共进行了5次载人轨道任务,全部成功,共将15名宇航员送入轨道。这一年还进行了5次国际空间站宇航员舱外活动。2012年的大部分轨道发射是由俄罗斯、中国和美国进行的,分别进行了29次、19次和13次发射。全年共发射通信导航卫星、货运飞船、科学探测器等有效载荷139个。此外,科研和军事组织还发射了大量亚轨道探空火箭弹道导弹

轨道级航天活动概述

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2012年共尝试了77次轨道发射,其中72次宣布成功,共发射了139个有效载荷。[1]发射记录中最成功的三个国家分别是俄罗斯,共发射29次,其中27次成功;中国,发射19次,全部成功;美国,发射13次,其中12次成功,1次部分失败。[1]欧洲国家进行了8次轨道发射,全部成功,而印度和日本各进行了2次轨道发射,也均取得成功。2012年,伊朗和朝鲜均成功进行了一次轨道发射,也均遭遇了一次发射失败。

载人航天

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2012年共进行了五次载人轨道发射,全部成功,共将15名宇航员送入轨道。其中四次任务由俄罗斯联盟号飞船执行,第五次任务由中国神舟飞船执行。[2]本年度的所有载人航天任务均与空间站对接——四次联盟号飞船与国际空间站对接,中国的神舟九号飞船与天宫一号目标飞行器对接。2012年还进行了五次舱外活动,全部由国际空间站乘组人员进行。[3][4][5][6][7]

无人探测

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2012年发生了许多无人探测航天史上的重大里程碑事件,包括8月美国宇航局的“好奇号”探测器登陆火星[8],以及5月和10月向国际空间站进行的头两次商业补给任务[9][10],10月的那次飞行也标志着SpaceX龙飞船的首次全面投入使用。在太阳系的其他区域,美国宇航局的“曙光”号于2012年9月完成了对灶神星的探测任务[11],而中国则于12月首次飞掠小行星

轨道发射

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已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯
发射时间 (UTC) 运载火箭 火箭编号 发射场 发射服务提供商英语List of launch service providers
有效载荷
(⚀ = 立方星)
载荷用户 轨道 功能 再入时间 (UTC) 结果
附注

January

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9 January
03:17:09
中华人民共和国 Long March 4B 中华人民共和国 Taiyuan LC-9 中华人民共和国 SAST
中华人民共和国 Ziyuan 3 MLR Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational[12]
卢森堡 VesselSat-2 Luxspace Low Earth (SSO) Communications 27 October 2016[13] Successful
13 January
00:56:04
中华人民共和国 Long March 3A 中华人民共和国 Xichang LC-3 中华人民共和国 CALT
中华人民共和国 Fengyun 2-07[14] CMA Geosynchronous Meteorology 在轨 Operational[15]
20 January
00:38:00
美国 Delta IV-M+ (5,4) 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-37B 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 USA-233 (WGS-4) U.S. Air Force Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[16]
25 January
23:06:40
俄罗斯 Soyuz-U 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Progress M-14M / 46P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 28 April
13:46
Successful[17]

February

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3 February
00:04
伊朗 Safir-1B ERS.2002 伊朗 Semnan LP-1 伊朗 ISA
伊朗 Navid ISA Low Earth Earth observation 1 April[18] Successful[19]
13 February
10:00:00
欧洲联盟 Vega 法國 Kourou ELV 法國 Arianespace
義大利 LARES ASI Low Earth Geodesy 在轨 Operational[20]
義大利 ALMASat-1[21] Università di Bologna Low Earth Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational[20]
西班牙 Xatcobeo[22] Vigo/INTA Low Earth Technology demonstration 31 August 2014 Successful[20]
義大利 UniCubeSat-GG[22] Rome Low Earth Atmospheric science 16 February 2015[23] Successful
法國 Robusta[22] Montpellier Low Earth Technology demonstration 28 January 2015[24] Partial spacecraft failure
義大利 e-st@r[22] Torino Low Earth Technology demonstration 16 January 2015[25] Partial spacecraft failure
羅馬尼亞 Goliat[22] Bucharest Low Earth Technology demonstration 31 December 2014 Partial spacecraft failure[20]
波兰 PW-Sat[22] Warsaw Low Earth Technology demonstration 28 October 2014 Successful[20]
匈牙利 MaSat-1 BME Low Earth Technology demonstration 9 January 2015[26] Successful
Maiden flight of Vega rocket; all payloads CubeSats except LARES and ALMASat-1. First Hungarian, Romanian and Polish satellites.
14 February
19:36:37
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄罗斯 美国 International Launch Services
荷兰 SES-4 SES World Skies Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[27]
24 February
16:12:04
中华人民共和国 Long March 3C 中华人民共和国 Xichang LC-2 中华人民共和国 CALT
中华人民共和国 Compass-G5 CNSA Geosynchronous Navigation 在轨 Operational[28]
24 February
22:15:00
美国 Atlas V 551 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 MUOS-1 U.S. Navy Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[29]

March

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23 March
04:34:05
欧洲联盟 Ariane 5 ES 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
欧洲联盟 Edoardo Amaldi ATV ESA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 3 October
01:23
Successful[30]
25 March
12:10:32
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄罗斯 美国 International Launch Services
美国 Intelsat 22 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[31]
30 March
05:49:32
俄罗斯 Proton-K / DM-2 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄罗斯 RVSN RF
俄罗斯 Kosmos 2479 (US-KMO) VKO Geosynchronous Missile defense 在轨 Operational[32]
Final flight of Proton-K, final US-KMO satellite.
31 March
10:27:04
中华人民共和国 Long March 3B/E 中华人民共和国 Xichang LC-2 中华人民共和国 CALT
中华人民共和国 Apstar-7 APT Satellite Holdings Geosynchronous Communication 在轨 Operational[33]

April

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3 April
23:12:57
美国 Delta IV-M+(5,2) 美国 Vandenberg SLC-6 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 USA-234 (FIA-R) NRO Low Earth Reconnaissance 在轨 Operational[34]
NRO Launch 25
12 April
22:38:55
朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 Unha-3 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 Sohae 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 KCST
朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3[36] KCST Intended: Low Earth Technology demonstration 12 April Launch failure[35]
Probable first stage failure, disintegrated over the Yellow Sea.[35]
20 April
12:50:24
俄罗斯 Soyuz-U 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 31/6 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Progress M-15M / 47P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 20 August 2012 Successful[37]
23 April
22:18:13
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄罗斯 美国 International Launch Services
阿拉伯联合酋长国 Yahsat 1B Yahsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[38]
26 April
00:17
印度 PSLV-XL 印度 Satish Dhawan Space Centre FLP 印度 ISRO
印度 RISAT-1 ISRO Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation[39] 在轨 Operational[40]
29 April
20:50:03[41]
中华人民共和国 Long March 3B 中华人民共和国 Xichang LC-2 中华人民共和国 CALT
中华人民共和国 Compass-M3 CNSA Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational[41]
中华人民共和国 Compass-M4 CNSA Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational[41]

May

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4 May
18:42:00
美国 Atlas V 531 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 USA-235 (AEHF-2) U.S. Air Force Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[42]
6 May
07:10:04[43]
中华人民共和国 Long March 2D 中华人民共和国 Jiuquan SLS-2 中华人民共和国 SAST
中华人民共和国 Tianhui 1B CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational[43]
10 May
07:06:04[44]
中华人民共和国 Long March 4B 中华人民共和国 Taiyuan LC-9 中华人民共和国 SAST
中华人民共和国 Yaogan 14 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 在轨 Operational[44]
中华人民共和国 Tiantuo 1 NUDT Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 3 November 2014 Successful
15 May
03:01:23
俄罗斯 Soyuz-FG 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Soyuz TMA-04M Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 31/32 17 September
02:53
Successful[45]
Crewed flight
15 May
22:13:07
欧洲联盟 Ariane 5 ECA 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
日本 JCSAT-13 SKY Perfect JSAT Group Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[46]
越南 Vinasat-2 VNPT Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[47]
17 May
14:05
俄罗斯 Soyuz-U 俄罗斯 Plesetsk Site 16/2 俄罗斯 VKO
俄罗斯 Kosmos 2480 (Kobalt-M No.8) VKO Low Earth Reconnaissance 24 September Successful[48]
Final Soyuz-U launch from Plesetsk.
17 May
16:39
日本 H-IIA 日本 Tanegashima LA-Y1 日本 MHI
日本 美国 GCOM-W1 JAXA / NASA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational[49]
大韩民国 Arirang-3 KARI Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational[49]
日本 SDS-4 JAXA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在轨 Successful
日本 Horyu-2 KIT Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration
Amateur radio
在轨 Successful[50]
17 May
19:12:14
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄罗斯 美国 International Launch Services
加拿大 Nimiq 6 Telesat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[51]
22 May
07:44:38[9]
美国 Falcon 9 v1.0 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 美国 SpaceX
美国 Dragon C2+ SpaceX / NASA Low Earth (ISS) Flight test
ISS logistics
31 May
16:42
Successful[55]
美国 New Frontier Celestis Low Earth Space burial 27 June Successful
COTS Demo 2+,[52] orbital test manoeuvres and ISS rendezvous, berthing and cargo delivery. First commercial spacecraft to visit the ISS.[53] Celestis payload, containing cremated remains of 308 people including Gordon Cooper and James Doohan, remained intentionally attached to the upper stage.[54]
23 May[56] 伊朗 Safir-1B 伊朗 Semnan 伊朗 ISA
伊朗 Fajr ISA Planned: Low Earth[56] Earth observation 23 May Launch failure
Probable launch failure;[56] identity of launch attempt, rocket, satellite and launch time not confirmed.
26 May
15:56:04
中华人民共和国 Long March 3B/E 中华人民共和国 Xichang LC-2 中华人民共和国 CALT
中华人民共和国 Chinasat-2A China Satcom Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[57]
29 May
07:31:05
中华人民共和国 Long March 4C 中华人民共和国 Taiyuan LC-9 中华人民共和国 SAST
中华人民共和国 Yaogan 15 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 在轨 Operational[58]

June

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1 June
05:22:59
乌克兰 Zenit-3SL 挪威 Ocean Odyssey 联合国 Sea Launch
美国 Intelsat 19 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Partial spacecraft failure
Second solar panel initially failed to deploy after launch.[59] It eventually deployed, but was damaged.
13 June
16:00:37
美国 Pegasus-XL 馬紹爾群島 Stargazer, Kwajalein Atoll 美国 Orbital Sciences
美国 NuSTAR NASA Low Earth X-ray astronomy 在轨 Operational[60]
16 June
10:37:24[63]
中华人民共和国 Long March 2F Y9 中华人民共和国 Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-1 中华人民共和国 CALT
中华人民共和国 Shenzhou 9 CMSA Low Earth (Tiangong-1) Technology demonstration 29 June
02:01[64]
Successful[2]
中华人民共和国 Shenzhou-9-GC (Orbital Module)[65] CMSA Low Earth (Tiangong-1) Space rendezvous 2 December Successful
Crewed flight; first Chinese woman in space,[61][62] and first crewed mission to Tiangong-1.
20 June
12:28
美国 Atlas V 401 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 USA-236 / SDS-3 NRO Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[66]
NROL-38 mission.
29 June
13:15
美国 Delta IV Heavy 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-37B 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 USA-237 / Orion 8 NRO Geosynchronous ELINT 在轨 Operational[67]
NROL-15 mission. First flight of Delta IV with RS-68A engines.

July

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5 July
21:36:07[68]
欧洲联盟 Ariane 5 ECA 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
美国 Echostar XVII Hughes Network Systems Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
欧洲联盟 MSG 3 EUMETSAT Geosynchronous Meteorology 在轨 Operational
9 July
18:38:30
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄罗斯 美国 International Launch Services
卢森堡 SES-5 SES Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[69]
15 July
02:40:03
俄罗斯 Soyuz-FG 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Soyuz TMA-05M Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 32/33 19 November
01:56
Successful[70]
Crewed flight
21 July
02:06:18[71]
日本 H-IIB 日本 Tanegashima LA-Y2 日本 JAXA[72][73]
日本 Kounotori 3 JAXA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 14 September Successful[74]
日本 Raiko Wakayama/Tohuku Low Earth Technology demonstration 6 August 2013[75] Successful
日本 FITSAT-1 (Niwaka) FIT Low Earth Technology demonstration 4 July 2013[76] Successful
日本 We-Wish Meisei Electric Low Earth Technology demonstration 11 March 2013[77] Successful
越南 F-1 FPT Low Earth Technology demonstration May 2013[78] Successfully deployed, but no signal was received.[79]
美国 TechEdSat San Jose Low Earth Technology demonstration 5 May 2013[80] Successful
All payloads CubeSats other than Kounotori 3. CubeSats carried aboard Kounotori and deployed from the ISS.
22 July
06:41:39
俄罗斯 Soyuz-FG / Fregat 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 31/6 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Kanopus V-1 Roscosmos Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational[81]
白俄罗斯 BelKA-2 NASRB Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational[81]
俄罗斯 Zond-PP Roscosmos Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration
Earth observation
在轨 Spacecraft failure[82]
德国 TET-1 DLR Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 18 November 2022[83] Successful
加拿大 exactView 1 exactEarth Low Earth (SSO) AIS ship tracking 在轨 Operational[81]
First Belarusian satellite.
25 July
15:43:04
中华人民共和国 Long March 3C 中华人民共和国 Xichang LC-2 中华人民共和国 CALT
中华人民共和国 Tianlian I-03 CNSA Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[84]
28 July
01:35:34[85]
俄罗斯 Rokot / Briz-KM 俄罗斯 Plesetsk Site 133/3 俄罗斯 VKO
俄罗斯 Gonets M-3 Gonets Satellite System Low Earth Communications 在轨 Operational
俄罗斯 Gonets M-4 Gonets Satellite System Low Earth Communications 在轨 Operational
俄罗斯 Kosmos 2481 (Strela-3M) VKO Low Earth Communications 在轨 Operational
俄罗斯 MiR (Yubileiny 2) NPO PM Low Earth Amateur radio
Technology demonstration
在轨 Operational

August

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1 August
19:35:13
俄罗斯 Soyuz-U 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Progress M-16M / 48P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 9 February 2013 Successful[87]
俄罗斯 Sfera-53 Roscosmos Low Earth Atmospheric density 24 November[88] Successful[89]
Fast rendezvous test;[86] Sfera-53 deployed from ISS at 18:29 UTC on 20 August during a spacewalk.
2 August
20:54
欧洲联盟 Ariane 5 ECA 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
美国 Intelsat 20 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[90]
英国 HYLAS-2 Avanti Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[90]
6 August
19:31:00 [92]
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄罗斯 Khrunichev
印度尼西亚 Telkom-3 PT Telkom Planned: Geosynchronous
Achieved: Medium Earth
Communications 5 February 2021 [93] Launch failure[94]
俄罗斯 Ekspress-MD2 RSCC Planned: Geosynchronous
Achieved: Medium Earth
Communications In orbit
Briz-M stage failure 7 seconds into its third burn.[91] Stage exploded on 16 October, generating over 500 pieces of orbital debris.
19 August
06:54:59
乌克兰 Zenit-3SL 挪威 Ocean Odyssey 联合国 Sea Launch
美国 Intelsat 21 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[95]
30 August
08:05:27[98]
美国 Atlas V 401 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 Van Allen Probe A (RBSP-A) NASA Highly elliptical Magnetospheric research 在轨 Successful
美国 Van Allen Probe B (RBSP-B) NASA Highly elliptical Magnetospheric research 在轨 Successful
Launch of the two Van Allen Probes, formerly known as the Radiation Belt Storm Probes. Van Allen Probe B ceased operations on 19 July 2019;[96] Van Allen Probe A was deactivated on 18 October 2019.[97]

September

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9 September
04:23
印度 PSLV-CA 印度 Satish Dhawan FLP 印度 ISRO
法國 SPOT 6 CNES Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational[99]
日本 PROITERES Osaka Institute of Technology Low Earth (SSO) Amateur radio
Technology demonstration
在轨 Operational[99]
13 September
21:39:00[100]
美国 Atlas V 401 美国 Vandenberg SLC-3E 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 USA-238 (NOSS) NRO Low Earth ELINT 在轨 Operational
美国 USA-238 (NOSS) NRO Low Earth ELINT 在轨 Operational
美国 CINEMA 1 UCB Low Earth Magnetospheric research 在轨 Operational
美国 CXBN Morehead Low Earth X-ray astronomy 在轨 Operational
美国 CP 5 CalPoly Low Earth Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
美国 CSSWE CU-Boulder Low Earth Magnetospheric research 在轨 Operational
美国 Aeneas USC / NRO Low Earth Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
美国 STARE A Lawrence Livermore Low Earth Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
美国 SMDC-ONE 2.1 U.S. Army Low Earth Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
美国 SMDC-ONE 2.2 U.S. Army Low Earth Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
美国 AeroCube 4 The Aerospace Corporation Low Earth Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
美国 AeroCube 4.5A The Aerospace Corporation Low Earth Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
美国 AeroCube 4.5B The Aerospace Corporation Low Earth Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational
NRO Launch 36
17 September
16:28:40
俄罗斯 Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 31/6 欧洲联盟 俄罗斯 Starsem
欧洲联盟 MetOp-B EUMETSAT Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology 在轨 Operational[101]
18 September
19:10:04
中华人民共和国 Long March 3B/E 中华人民共和国 Xichang LC-2 中华人民共和国 CALT
中华人民共和国 Compass-M5 CNSA Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational[102]
中华人民共和国 Compass-M6 CNSA Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational[102]
28 September
21:18:07
欧洲联盟 Ariane 5 ECA 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
卢森堡 Astra 2F SES Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[103]
印度 GSAT-10 ISRO Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[104]
29 September[105]
04:12:04
中华人民共和国 Long March 2D 中华人民共和国 Jiuquan SLS-2 中华人民共和国 SAST
委內瑞拉 VRSS-1 MPPCTII Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational[106]

October

[编辑]
4 October
12:10:00
美国 Delta IV M+(4,2) 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-37B 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 USA-239 (GPS IIF-3) U.S. Air Force Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational[107]
8 October
00:35:07[109]
美国 Falcon 9 v1.0 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 美国 SpaceX
美国 SpaceX CRS-1 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 28 October
19:22[10]
Successful[10]
美国 Orbcomm-2 F1 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications 10 October Launch failure[110][111]
First flight of Commercial Resupply Services programme.[108] First stage engine failure resulted in a too-low orbit for Orbcomm payload; CRS-1 nonetheless placed into correct orbit.
12 October
18:15:01
俄罗斯 Soyuz ST-B / Fregat-MT 法國 Kourou ELS 法國 Arianespace
欧洲联盟 Galileo IOV 3 ESA Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational[112]
欧洲联盟 Galileo IOV 4 ESA Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational[112]
14 October
03:25:05
中华人民共和国 Long March 2C/SMA 中华人民共和国 Taiyuan LC-9 中华人民共和国 CALT
中华人民共和国 Shijian 9A CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational[113]
中华人民共和国 Shijian 9B CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在轨 Operational[113]
14 October
08:37:00
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄罗斯 美国 International Launch Services
美国 Intelsat 23 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[114]
23 October
10:51:11[115]
俄罗斯 Soyuz-FG 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 31/6 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Soyuz TMA-06M Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS)[116] Expedition 33/34 16 March 2013
03:06
Successful[117]
Crewed flight
25 October
15:33:04
中华人民共和国 Long March 3C 中华人民共和国 Xichang LC-2 中华人民共和国 CALT
中华人民共和国 Compass-G6 CNSA Geosynchronous Navigation 在轨 Operational[119]
Compass navigation system became commercially operational in Asia-Pacific region in December 2012.[118]
31 October
07:41:18
俄罗斯 Soyuz-U 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Progress M-17M / 49P[120] Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 21 April 2013 Successful[121]

November

[编辑]
2 November
21:04:00
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Luch 5B Gonets Satellite System Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[122]
俄罗斯 Yamal-300K Gazprom Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[122]
10 November
21:05:07
欧洲联盟 Ariane 5 ECA 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
法國 Eutelsat 21B Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[123]
巴西 Star One C3 Star One Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[123]
14 November
11:42:46
俄罗斯 Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat 俄罗斯 Plesetsk Site 43/4 俄罗斯 VKO
俄罗斯 Meridian 6 VKO Molniya Communications 在轨 Operational[124]
18 November
22:53:04[125]
中华人民共和国 Long March 2C 中华人民共和国 Taiyuan LC-9 中华人民共和国 CALT
中华人民共和国 Huanjing 1C CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 1 March 2023[126] Successful
中华人民共和国 Xinyan 1 CASC Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 5 October 2019[127] Successful
中华人民共和国 Fengniao 1 SAST Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 11 January 2024[128] Successful
中华人民共和国 Fengniao 1A SAST Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 11 January 2024[129] Deployment failure
20 November
18:31:00
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄罗斯 美国 International Launch Services
美国 EchoStar XVI EchoStar Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[130]
25 November
04:06:04
中华人民共和国 Long March 4C 中华人民共和国 Jiuquan SLS-2 中华人民共和国 SAST
中华人民共和国 Yaogan 16A CNSA Low Earth ELINT 在轨 Operational[131]
中华人民共和国 Yaogan 16B CNSA Low Earth ELINT 在轨 Operational[131]
中华人民共和国 Yaogan 16C CNSA Low Earth ELINT 在轨 Operational[131]
27 November
10:13:03[132]
中华人民共和国 Long March 3B/E 中华人民共和国 Xichang LC-2 中华人民共和国 CALT
中华人民共和国 斯里蘭卡 ChinaSat 12 / SupremeSAT-I China Satcom / SupremeSAT Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[132]
Part of satellite's communications payload was leased to SupremeSAT, a Sri Lankan satellite operator, as SupremeSAT-I.

December

[编辑]
2 December
02:02:51
俄罗斯 Soyuz ST-A / Fregat 法國 Kourou ELS 法國 Arianespace
法國 Pléiades-HR 1B CNES Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation/Reconnaissance 在轨 Operational[133]
3 December
20:43:59
乌克兰 Zenit-3SL 挪威 Ocean Odyssey 联合国 Sea Launch
法國 Eutelsat 70B Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[134]
8 December
13:13:43
俄罗斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄罗斯 美国 International Launch Services
俄罗斯 Yamal-402 Gazprom Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational; partial launch failure[136]
Briz-M stage failure 4 minutes before scheduled shut down on its fourth burn.[135]
11 December
18:03
美国 Atlas V 501 美国 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美国 United Launch Alliance
美国 USA-240 (X-37B OTV-3) U.S. Air Force Low Earth Technology demonstration 17 October 2014 Successful[137][138]
270-day X-37B endurance mission ultimately extended to over 680 days.[137]
12 December
00:49:46[141][142]
朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 Unha-3 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 Sohae 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 KCST
朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2 KCST Low Earth Technology demonstration 在轨 Spacecraft failure[140]
First successful North Korean orbital launch, first North Korean satellite;[139] satellite reached orbit but malfunctioned thereafter.[140]
18 December
16:13:04[143]
中华人民共和国 Long March 2D 中华人民共和国 Jiuquan SLS-2 中华人民共和国 SAST
土耳其 Göktürk-2 MSB Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational[144]
19 December
12:12:35
俄罗斯 Soyuz-FG 哈萨克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄罗斯 Roscosmos
俄罗斯 Soyuz TMA-07M Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 34/35 14 May 2013
02:31
Successful[145]
Crewed flight
19 December
21:49:07
欧洲联盟 Ariane 5 ECA 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
英国 Skynet 5D Astrium Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[146]
墨西哥 Mexsat-3 SCT Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[146]
Skynet 5D military communications satellite operated by Astrium Services on behalf of the British Ministry of Defence.

亚轨道发射

[编辑]
已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯
发射时间 (UTC) 运载火箭 火箭编号 发射场 发射服务提供商英语List of launch service providers
有效载荷
(⚀ = 立方星)
载荷用户 轨道 功能 再入时间 (UTC) 结果
附注
11 January
13:25
美国 Terrier-Improved Malemute[147] 美国 Wallops Island 美国NASA
NASA Suborbital Test flight 11 January Successful[148]
11 January
20:51
日本 S-520 日本 Uchinoura 日本 JAXA
JAXA/HU/TU/TU/TPU/KU/KUT Suborbital Atmospheric science 11 January Successful[149]
24 January 以色列 Arrow III 以色列 Negev 以色列 IAI
IAI/IDF Suborbital ABM Test 24 January Successful[150]
First test flight of the Arrow-III
10 February
04:40
印度 Prithvi 印度ITR IC-4 印度DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Target 10 February Successful[151]
Target for ABM test, successfully intercepted
10 February 以色列 Blue Sparrow 以色列 F-15 Eagle, Israel 以色列IAF
Israeli Air Force Suborbital ABM target 10 February Successful[152]
Arrow-3 tracking target
13 February
09:32
巴西 VSB-30 瑞典Esrange 欧洲联盟EuroLaunch
瑞典 MASER-12 SSC Suborbital Microgravity 13 February Successful[153]
19 February
05:41
加拿大 Black Brant IX 美国 Poker Flat 美国NASA
UNH Suborbital Auroral research 19 February Successful[154]
22 February 美国 UGM-133 Trident II D5 美国“Tennessee”号SSBN-734 (6), ETR 美国US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 22 February Successful[155]
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation 23 (DASO-23)
25 February
10:46
美国 LGM-30G Minuteman III 美国 Vandenberg LF-09 美国 US Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Test flight 25 February Successful[156]
22 March
09:00
加拿大Black Brant IX 美国White Sands 美国NASA
美国 CIBER Caltech Suborbital Astronomy 22 March Successful[157]
27 March
08:58
美国 Terrier-Oriole 美国 Wallops Island 美国 NASA
美国 ATREX Clemson Suborbital Geospace 27 March Successful[158]
27 March
08:59
美国 Terrier-Improved Malemute 美国 Wallops Island 美国NASA
美国ATREX Clemson Suborbital Geospace 27 March Successful[158]
27 March
09:00
美国 Terrier-Orion 美国 Wallops Island 美国NASA
美国ATREX Clemson Suborbital Geospace 27 March Successful[158]
27 March
09:02
美国 Terrier-Improved Malemute 美国 Wallops Island 美国NASA
美国ATREX Clemson Suborbital Geospace 27 March Successful[158]
27 March
09:03
美国 Terrier-Orion 美国 Wallops Island 美国NASA
美国ATREX Clemson Suborbital Geospace 27 March Successful[158]
5 April
14:18
美国 SpaceLoft XL 美国 Spaceport America 美国 UP Aerospace
ORS Suborbital Technology demonstration 5 April Successful[159]
Apogee: 117公里(73英里), successfully recovered
14 April 美国 UGM-133 Trident II D5 美国“Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR 美国 US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 14 April Successful[160]
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 45
14 April 美国UGM-133 Trident II D5 美国“Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR 美国US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 14 April Successful[160]
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 45
16 April 美国UGM-133 Trident II D5 美国“Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR 美国US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 16 April Successful[160]
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 46
16 April 美国UGM-133 Trident II D5 美国“Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR 美国US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 16 April Successful[160]
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 46
19 April
02:37
印度 Agni-V 印度 Integrated Test Range 印度 DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Test flight 19 April Successful[161]
Apogee: 800公里(500英里), maiden flight of Agni-V
23 April 巴西 VS-30/Orion 挪威 Andøya 澳大利亚 DSTO
澳大利亚 HiFire-5 DSTO Suborbital Technology demonstration 23 April Launch failure
Hypersonic research experiment, second stage of launch vehicle failed to ignite
25 April 巴基斯坦 Shaheen-IA 巴基斯坦 Sonmiani 巴基斯坦 ASFC
ASFC Suborbital Test flight 25 April Successful[162]
10 May
06:18
美国 Terrier Orion (ARAV-A) FTM-16 E2a 美国 Kauai 美国 MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 10 May Successful[163]
SM-3 Block 1B target
10 May
06:21
美国 RIM-161C SM-3 Block 1B FTM-16 E2a 美国 “Lake Erie”号CG-70 (6), Pacific Ocean 美国 US Navy
US Navy Suborbital ABM test 10 May Successful[163]
ARAV-A interceptor, successful intercept
23 May
06:15
俄罗斯 RS-26 Rubezh 俄罗斯 Plesetsk 俄罗斯 RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 23 May Successful[164]
7 June
17:39
俄罗斯RS-12M Topol 俄罗斯 Kapustin Yar 俄罗斯RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 7 June Successful[165]
21 June
10:40
美国 Terrier Improved Orion 美国 Wallops Island 美国NASA
美国 RockOn Colorado Suborbital Student experiments 21 June Successful[166]
22 June
19:18
巴西 VS-40 挪威Andøya 挪威Andøya
德国 SHEFEX II DLR Suborbital Technology demonstration 22 June Successful[167]
23 June
19:30
加拿大Black Brant IX 美国White Sands 美国NASA
美国 EVE CU Boulder Suborbital SDO calibration 23 June Successful[168]
27 June
09:15
美国 Castor 4B FTM-18 美国 Kauai 美国 MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 27 June Successful[169]
SM-3 Block 1B target
27 June
09:18
美国 RIM-161C SM-3 Block 1B FTM-18 美国 “Lake Erie”号CG-70 (6), Pacific Ocean 美国 US Navy
US Navy Suborbital ABM test 27 June Successful[169]
Castor 4B interceptor, successful intercept
3 July 伊朗 Shahab-1 伊朗Iran 伊朗IRGC
IGRC Suborbital Missile test 3 July Successful[170]
Apogee: ~100公里(62英里)
3 July 伊朗Shahab-2 伊朗Iran 伊朗IGRC
IRGC Suborbital Missile test 3 July Successful[170]
Apogee: ~100公里(62英里)
3 July 伊朗 Shahab-3 伊朗Iran 伊朗IRGC
IRGC Suborbital Missile test 3 July Successful[170]
Apogee: ~150公里(93英里)
5 July
18:50
加拿大Black Brant IX 美国White Sands 美国NASA
美国 SUMI NASA/MSFC Suborbital Solar research 5 July Successful[171]
11 July
18:50
加拿大Black Brant IX 美国White Sands 美国NASA
美国 Hi-C NASA/MSFC Suborbital Solar research 11 July Successful[172]
13 July
04:36
印度 Agni-I 印度 Integrated Test Range 印度 IDRDL
IDRDL Suborbital Missile test 13 July Successful[173]
Apogee: ~200公里(120英里)
23 July
11:01
加拿大 Black Brant XI 美国Wallops Island 美国NASA
美国 IRVE-3 NASA/Langley Suborbital Atmospheric entry test 23 July Successful[174]
Apogee: ~285英里(459公里); part of the Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator programme
24 July
19:17
加拿大Black Brant IX 美国White Sands 美国NASA
美国 DFS USC Suborbital Solar research 24 July Successful[175]
7 August
07:30:00[176]
日本 S-310 日本 Uchinoura 日本 JAXA
日本[177] UT/JAXA/AGU/TKD/NU/TU/KIT Suborbital Technology demonstration 7 August Successful[178]
9 August
03:16
印度 Agni-II 印度 ITR IC-4 印度 Indian Army
Indian Army Suborbital Missile test 9 August Successful[179]
Apogee: 220公里(140英里)
12 September 美国 Terrier-Lynx 美国 Wallops Island 美国 DoD
美国 Shark DoD Suborbital Radar target 12 September Successful[180]
Apogee: ~300公里(190英里)
13 September
12:30
美国 Juno 美国 Fort Wingate LC-96 美国US Army
US Army Suborbital Target 13 September Successful[181]
Target for MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3 MSE test, successfully intercepted
13 September 巴西 VS-30/Orion 挪威 Andøya 澳大利亚 DSTO
澳大利亚 HiFire-3 DSTO Suborbital Technology demonstration 13 September Successful[182]
Hypersonic research experiment, Apogee: 349公里(217英里)
19 September
11:45[183]
印度 Agni-IV 印度 ITR IC-4 印度 Indian Army
Indian Army Suborbital Missile test 19 September Successful
Apogee: 800公里(500英里)
21 September
13:15[184]
印度 Agni-III 印度 ITR IC-4 印度 Indian Army
Indian Army Suborbital Missile test 21 September Successful
Apogee: 450公里(280英里)
21 September
11:16
美国 Terrier Improved Malemute 美国 Wallops Island 美国NASA
美国 RockSat-X NASA Suborbital Student experiments 21 September Successful[185]
Apogee: ~153公里(95英里)
22 September
11:00
美国 Talos Terrier Oriole 美国 Wallops Island 美国NASA
NASA Suborbital Rocket test 22 September Successful[186]
Apogee: ~269公里(167英里)
4 October
03:37
印度 Prithvi II 印度 Integrated Test Range Launch Complex 3 印度 DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Missile test 4 October Successful[187]
Apogee: ~100公里(62英里)
5 October
05:55
印度 Dhanush 印度Ship, Indian Ocean 印度 DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Target 5 October Successful[188]
Apogee: ~100公里(62英里)
19 October
09:12
俄罗斯Topol M2 俄罗斯Plesetsk 俄罗斯RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 19 October Successful[189]
19 October 俄罗斯 R-29R Volna 俄罗斯 K-433 Svyatoy Georgiy Pobedonosets, Sea of Okhotsk 俄罗斯VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 19 October Successful[189]
23 October 美国UGM-133 Trident II D5 英国“Vigilant”号S30 (6) 英国 Royal Navy
Royal Navy Suborbital Missile test 23 October Successful[190]
24 October
18:29
俄罗斯 RS-26 Rubezh 俄罗斯 Kapustin Yar 俄罗斯 RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 24 October Successful[191]
25 October 美国Long Range Air Launch Target FTI-01 C-17 Globemaster III, Pacific Ocean 美国MDA
MDA/IMDO Suborbital ABM target 25 October Successful[192]
Target for THAAD, successful intercept
25 October 美国 THAAD FTI-01 美国 Meck Island 美国 US Army
US Army/MDA Suborbital ABM test 25 October Successful[192]
Intercepted target missile
25 October 美国 Terrier Oriole (ARAV-B) FTI-01 美国 Wake Island 美国 MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 25 October Successful[192]
SM-3 Block 1A target
25 October 美国 SM-3 Block 1A FTI-01 美国 “Fitzgerald”号DDG-62, Pacific Ocean 美国 US Navy
US Navy Suborbital ABM test 25 October Spacecraft failure[192]
ARAV-B interceptor, intercept failed
25 October 美国 SRBM 美国 Kwajalein 美国 MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 25 October Successful[192]
FTI-01, Patriot PAC-3 target, successfully intercepted
2 November
17:55
加拿大Black Brant IX 美国White Sands 美国NASA
美国 FOXSI UC Berkeley Suborbital Solar research 2 November Successful[193]
14 November
11:07
美国LGM-30G Minuteman III 美国Vandenberg LF-10 美国US Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Test flight 14 November Successful[194]
21 November
10:55
加拿大Black Brant IX 美国White Sands 美国NASA
美国IMAGER University of Massachusetts Suborbital Astronomy 21 November Successful[195]
23 November 印度 Prithvi 印度ITR IC-4 印度DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Target 23 November Successful[196]
Target for ABM test, successfully intercepted
25 November
11:20
美国 Nike-Orion 瑞典 Esrange 欧洲联盟 EuroLaunch
德国 MAPHEUS-3 DLR Suborbital Technology demonstration 25 November Successful[197]
Apogee: 140公里(87英里)
28 November 巴基斯坦 Ghauri 巴基斯坦 Tilla 巴基斯坦Army of Pakistan
巴基斯坦 Haft-5 Army of Pakistan Suborbital Missile test 28 November Successful[198]
Apogee: 100公里(62英里)
8 December
21:00
巴西 VS-30/Orion 巴西 Alcântara 巴西 AEB
巴西Iguaiba INPE Suborbital Microgravity 8 December Successful[199]
Apogee: 428公里(266英里)
13 December
05:20
加拿大Black Brant IX 美国White Sands 美国NASA
美国DXL U of M Suborbital Astronomy 13 December Successful[200]
17 December
07:00[201]
日本 S-520 日本 Uchinoura 日本 JAXA
日本 Tohoku/JAXA/Tokai Suborbital Microgravity 17 December Successful[202]
Apogee: 312公里(194英里)
20 December
03:51
印度 Prithvi II 印度ITR IC-3 印度DRDO
Strategic Force Command Suborbital Missile test 20 December Successful[203]
Apogee: ~100公里(62英里)

深空机动

[编辑]
已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯
日期 (UTC) 航天器 事件 备注
1 January GRAIL-B Lunar orbit insertion Joined its twin, GRAIL-A, which entered lunar orbit on 31 December 2011.[204]
2 January Cassini 80th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 29,415公里(18,278英里).[205]
30 January Cassini 81st flyby of Titan Closest approach: 31,131公里(19,344英里).[205]
19 February Cassini 82nd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 3,803公里(2,363英里).[205]
9 March Cassini Flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 9,000公里(5,600英里).[205]
27 March Cassini 17th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 74公里(46英里).[205]
14 April Cassini 18th flyby of Enceladus
Flyby of Tethys
Closest approach to Enceladus: 74公里(46英里).[205]
Closest approach to Tethys: 9,000公里(5,600英里).[205]
2 May Cassini 20th flyby of Enceladus
Flyby of Dione
Closest approach to Enceladus: 74公里(46英里).[205]
Closest approach to Dione: 8,000公里(5,000英里).[205]
20 May Cassini Flyby of Methone
Flyby of Telesto
Closest approach to Methone: 2,000公里(1,200英里).[205]
Closest approach to Telesto: 11,000公里(6,800英里).[205]
21 May Cassini 83rd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 955公里(593英里).[205]
6 June Cassini 84th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 959公里(596英里).[205]
24 July Cassini 85th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,012公里(629英里).[205]
6 August Curiosity Landing on Mars in Gale Crater Used the Sky Crane soft landing system. Successful landing at 05:14 UTC at coordinates 4°35′22″S 137°26′30″E / 4.5895°S 137.4417°E / -4.5895; 137.4417.[8]
5 September[11][206] Dawn Leaving Vestiocentric orbit Headed for Ceres, which it reached on 6 March 2015.[207]
26 September Cassini 86th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 956公里(594英里).[205]
13 November Cassini 87th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 973公里(605英里).[205]
29 November Cassini 88th flyby of Titan Closest approach to Titan: 1,014公里(630英里).[205]
13 December Chang'e 2 Flyby of 4179 Toutatis First Chinese asteroid flyby. Closest approach to 4179 Toutatis: less than 1公里(0.62英里) (770 metres).[208]
17 December GRAIL Lunar impact at "Sally K. Ride" site Both GRAIL satellites concluded their mission by impacting the Moon's surface.[209][210]
22 December Cassini Distant flyby of Titan
Flyby of Rhea
Closest approach to Titan: 715,000公里(444,000英里).[205]
Closest approach to Rhea: 23,000公里(14,000英里).[205]

舱外活动

[编辑]
已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯
开始时间 持续时间 结束时间 航天器 乘组 备注
16 February
14:31[3]
6 hours
15 minutes
20:46 Expedition 29/30

ISS Pirs

俄罗斯 Oleg Kononenko

俄罗斯 Anton Shkaplerov

Moved Strela 1 crane from ISS Pirs module to Poisk module, installed four materials experiments on the exterior of the ISS, and installed supporting struts on the EVA ladder on Pirs.
20 August
16:37[4]
5 hours
51 minutes
22:28 Expedition 31/32

ISS Pirs

俄罗斯 Gennady Padalka

俄罗斯 Yuri Malenchenko

Relocated Strela 2 telescoping boom from Pirs docking compartment to Zarya control module, in preparation for undocking of Pirs, which will pave the way for arrival of the Russian Multipurpose Laboratory Module in 2013. Also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on Zvezda service module, retrieved two experiments from Pirs' exterior, installed two support struts for hatch ladder and deployed two small tracking satellites.[89]
30 August
12:16
8 hours
17 minutes
20:33 Expedition 31/32

ISS Quest

美国 Sunita Williams

日本 Akihiko Hoshide

Connected two power cables between the US and Russian orbital segments; removed and replaced Main Bus Switching Unit (MBSU) 1. The crew had difficulty in removing connecting bolts of the old MBSU, and were unable to tighten up the bolts for the new unit. The new MBSU was tied down for future trouble-shooting, with all other tasks deferred to a future EVA. Third-longest EVA in history.[5]
5 September
11:06
6 hours
28 minutes
17:34 Expedition 31/32

ISS Quest

美国 Sunita Williams

日本 Akihiko Hoshide

Installed the new MBSU unit, working around difficulty with one of the bolts; replaced one of the cameras mounted on the Canadarm2. During this spacewalk, Sunita Williams broke Peggy Whitson's 2007 record for most total time spacewalking by a woman.[6][211]
1 November
12:29
6 hours
38 minutes
19:07 Expedition 32/33

ISS Quest

美国 Sunita Williams

日本 Akihiko Hoshide

Reconfigured and isolated a leak in the ammonia cooling system of power channel 2B on the P6 truss by bypassing a leaking cooling loop and re-connecting jumpers to an unused loop of the Early External Thermal Control System (EETCS), and by redeploying the trailing Thermal Control Radiator of the system.[7][212]

轨道发射统计

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按国家(区域)

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就本章节的主旨而言,每次航天飞行所属的国家以火箭的原产国为准,而不是发射服务提供商或发射场所在国。例如,西欧阿丽亚娜空间公司在南美洲圭亚那航天中心发射的联盟号火箭应视作俄罗斯的发射,因为联盟2号是俄罗斯火箭。

中国: 19欧洲: 8印度: 2伊朗: 2日本: 2朝鲜: 2俄罗斯: 26乌克兰: 3美国: 13
  •   中国: 19
  •   欧洲: 8
  •   印度: 2
  •   伊朗: 2
  •   日本: 2
  •   朝鲜: 2
  •   俄罗斯: 26
  •   乌克兰: 3
  •   美国: 13
国家(区域) 发射数 成功数 失败数 部分
失败数
备注
 中国 19 19 0 0
 歐洲 8 8 0 0
 印度 2 2 0 0
 伊朗 2 1 1 0
 日本 2 2 0 0
 朝鲜 2 1 1 0 首次成功轨道发射
 俄羅斯 26 24 1 1 包括阿丽亚娜空间公司圭亚那航天中心发射的两次欧洲联盟号火箭。
 乌克兰 3 3 0 0 包括三枚从海上发射天顶
 美国 13 12 0 1
总计 77 72 3 2

按火箭

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已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯

By family

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By type

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By configuration

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按发射场

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已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯
5
10
15
20
25
30
China
France
India
International waters
Iran
Japan
Kazakhstan
Marshall Islands
North Korea
Russia
United States
Site Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Baikonur  哈萨克斯坦 21 19 1 1
Cape Canaveral  美国 10 9 0 1
Kourou  法國 10 10 0 0
Jiuquan  中国 5 5 0 0
Kwajalein  马绍尔群岛 1 1 0 0
Ocean Odyssey 联合国 International waters 3 3 0 0
Plesetsk  俄羅斯 3 3 0 0
Satish Dhawan  印度 2 2 0 0
Semnan  伊朗 2 1 1 0
Sohae  朝鲜 2 1 1 0
Tanegashima  日本 2 2 0 0
Taiyuan  中国 5 5 0 0
Vandenberg  美国 2 2 0 0
Xichang  中国 9 9 0 0
Total 77 72 3 2

按轨道

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已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯
  •   Transatmospheric
  •   Low Earth
  •   Low Earth (ISS)
  •   Low Earth (SSO)
  •   Low Earth (retrograde)
  •   Medium Earth
  •   Geosychronous
    (transfer)
  •   Inclined GSO
  •   High Earth
  •   Heliocentric
Orbital regime Launches Successes Failures Accidentally
achieved
Remarks
Transatmospheric 0 0 0 0
Low Earth 39 37 2 0 12 to ISS, 1 to Tiangong-1
Medium Earth / Molniya 5 5 0 1
Geosynchronous / GTO 32 31 1 0
High Earth / Lunar transfer 1 1 0 0
Heliocentric / Planetary transfer 0 0 0 0
Total 77 74 3 1

参见

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参考

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  1. 中国国家航天局
  2. 中国探月网
  3. Encyclopedia Astronautica
  4. Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
  5. 日本宇宙航空研究開發機構
  6. Jonathan's Space Report(SatCat.txt与Launchlog.txt两项)
  7. Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
  8. NASA
  9. NASA SpaceFlight.com
  10. Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
  11. Space Calander (NASA JPL)
  12. Southwest Space Archive
  13. SPACE.com Launch Forecast
  14. SpaceFlightNow
  15. Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
  16. U.S. Space Objects Registry

脚注

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  30. ^ Mission accomplished! Arianespace launches ATV Edoardo Amaldi cargo vessel to the International Space Station. Arianespace. 23 March 2012 [9 December 2012]. (原始内容存档于26 June 2012). 
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  37. ^ Russia Buries Space Freighter in Pacific. RIA Novosti. 20 August 2012 [12 December 2012]. 
  38. ^ Yahsat 1B launch success. SatBeams.com. 24 April 2012 [16 December 2012]. 
  39. ^ Earth Observation System. Indian Space Research Organisation. [7 May 2008]. (原始内容存档于2 May 2008). 
  40. ^ PSLV-C19 puts RISAT-1 in orbit. The Hindu. 26 April 2012 [16 December 2012]. 
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  43. ^ 43.0 43.1 China launches Tianhui-1B via Long March 2D. NASASpaceflight.com. 6 May 2012 [14 May 2012]. (原始内容存档于22 October 2012). 
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  45. ^ Photos: Space Station's Expedition 32 Crew Lands on Earth. Space.com. 16 September 2012 [21 December 2012]. (原始内容存档于19 September 2012). 
  46. ^ Ariane 5 ECA launches JCSAT-13 and VINASAT-2 into orbit. NASASpaceflight.com. 15 May 2012 [22 December 2012]. 
  47. ^ Lockheed Martin-Built VINASAT-2 Satellite Begins Service for Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group. Lockheed Martin. 5 July 2012 [22 December 2012]. (原始内容存档于7 April 2014). 
  48. ^ Kobalt-M satellite. RussianSpaceWeb.com. 2012 [3 January 2013]. (原始内容存档于22 March 2016). 
  49. ^ 49.0 49.1 Launch Success for H-IIA delivering 4 Payloads to Orbit. Spaceflight101.com. 17 May 2012 [7 January 2013]. (原始内容存档于12 February 2013). 
  50. ^ HORYU-II project members. Announcement about the end of HORYU-II operation. Kyushu Institute of Technology. 24 February 2017 [9 July 2017]. (原始内容存档于23 April 2017). 
  51. ^ Nimiq 6. Telesat. [7 January 2013]. 
  52. ^ NASA managers announce February 7 launch date for Dragon ISS mission. NASASpaceFlight.com. 9 December 2011 [9 December 2011]. (原始内容存档于8 January 2012). 
  53. ^ Space station captures SpaceX Dragon capsule. USA Today. 25 May 2012 [10 February 2013]. 
  54. ^ Moskowitz, Clara. Ashes of Star Trek's 'Scotty' Ride Private Rocket Into Space. Space.com (New York). 22 May 2012 [31 May 2012]. (原始内容存档于23 May 2012). 
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  57. ^ Long March 3B launches military satellite Chinasat-2A. NASASpaceflight.com. 26 May 2012 [4 February 2013]. 
  58. ^ Christy, Robert. List of Yaogan Launches. Zarya.info. [29 May 2012]. 
  59. ^ Space: SeaLaunch puts Intelsat 19 in orbit, problem ahead. Electronics Weekly. 6 June 2012 [8 June 2012]. 
  60. ^ NuSTAR Launch. NASA. 13 June 2012 [7 January 2013]. 
  61. ^ Why is China sending a woman into space?. SpaceDaily.com. 1 June 2012 [3 June 2012]. 
  62. ^ China to send first woman astronaut Liu Yang into space. BBC. 15 June 2012. 
  63. ^ China Launches 1st Female Astronaut and 2 Men to Space Lab. Space.com. 16 June 2012. 
  64. ^ China's Shenzhou 9 spacecraft returns to earth. The Guardian. 29 June 2012 [4 February 2013]. 
  65. ^ 2012 - Launches to Orbit and Beyond: 2012-032 | Shenzhou 9 Orbital Module. Zarya.info. [19 November 2019]. 
  66. ^ USA 236. N2YO.com. 20 June 2012 [7 January 2013]. 
  67. ^ Launch Updates. AGI.com. 29 June 2012 [7 January 2013]. (原始内容存档于7 April 2014). 
  68. ^ Meteosat launches to maintain Europe's weather services. BBC. 6 July 2012. 
  69. ^ Successful launch for SES-5. Broadband TV News. 10 July 2012 [11 January 2013]. 
  70. ^ Soyuz TMA-05M lands, returns three space station crewmates to Earth. CollectSpace.com. 18 November 2012 [22 January 2013]. 
  71. ^ Launch Result of H-IIB Launch Vehicle No. 3 with H-II Transfer Vehicle "KOUNOTORI3" (HTV3) Onboard. JAXA. 21 July 2012 [21 July 2012]. (原始内容存档于23 July 2012). 
  72. ^ H-2B sends craft toward ISS/Japanese rocket's 3rd launch seen to boost international prestige. Yomiuri Shimbun. 22 July 2012 [10 July 2013]. (原始内容存档于18 February 2013). Future launches of the domestically produced rockets will be handled by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., the rockets' manufacturer, as opposed to previous launches managed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. 
  73. ^ H2B打ち上げ、三菱重工に移管へ 大型通信衛星も対応可能に [Launch Service of H2B To Be Transferred To MHI, Capable of Large Com Satellites]. Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Tokyo). 21 July 2012 [20 February 2014] (日语). 
  74. ^ Successful re-entry of H-II Transfer Vehicle "KOUNOTORI3" (HTV3). JAXA. 14 September 2012 [10 July 2013]. (原始内容存档于18 October 2012). 
  75. ^ RAIKO_CUBESAT [@RAIKO_CUBESAT]. 最新の予報では、12:46に軌道離脱です。Space-Track.Org のDecay予報を参照しています。 (推文). 6 August 2013 [17 September 2013] –通过Twitter. 
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  83. ^ Abschied vom Technologie-Erprobungsträger (TET-1) [Farewell to the Technology Experiment vehicle (TET-1)]. DLR. 21 November 2022 [23 November 2022] (德语). 
  84. ^ Chinese data relay satellite TianLian-1C is launched successfully on a Long March 3C. Flightglobal. 26 July 2012 [28 July 2012]. 
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  100. ^ Atlas 5 launch success confirmed. Lompoc Record. 13 September 2012 [15 September 2012]. 
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  130. ^ EchoStar Telecom Satellite Launched from Baikonur. RIA Novosti. 20 November 2012 [20 November 2012]. 
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  132. ^ 132.0 132.1 China's 18th launch of 2012 sees Long March 3B loft ChinaSat-12. NASASpaceflight.com. 27 November 2012 [27 November 2012]. 
  133. ^ Russian-made rocket blasts French satellite into orbit. MSNBC. 2 December 2012 [2 December 2012]. (原始内容存档于5 December 2012). 
  134. ^ SeaLaunch successfully puts Eutelsat 70B into orbit. Flightglobal. 3 December 2012 [3 December 2012]. 
  135. ^ ILS Declares a Proton Launch Anomaly. International Launch Services. 8 December 2012 [9 December 2012]. 
  136. ^ Yamal-300K and Yamal-402 satellites start commercial operation. Gazprom. 25 January 2013 [7 July 2013]. (原始内容存档于28 May 2013). 
  137. ^ 137.0 137.1 Bergin, Chris. Third X-37B returns home after nearly two years in space. NASASpaceFlight.com. 17 October 2014 [18 October 2014]. 
  138. ^ Air Force's Secret X-37B Space Plane Launches on Third Mission. Universe Today. 11 December 2012 [11 December 2012]. 
  139. ^ North Korea launches rocket, raising nuclear arms stakes. Reuters. 12 December 2012 [12 December 2012]. 
  140. ^ 140.0 140.1 Talmadge, Eric. Crippled NKorean probe could orbit for years. Associated Press. 18 December 2012 [18 December 2012]. (原始内容存档于29 October 2013). 
  141. ^ North Korea defies warnings to launch rocket. BBC. 12 December 2012 [12 December 2012]. 
  142. ^ North Korea Launches Rocket. Wall Street Journal. 11 December 2012 [12 December 2012]. (原始内容存档于12 December 2012). 
  143. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. China end 2012 with Long March 2D launch of Göktürk-2. NASASpaceflight.com. 18 December 2012 [18 December 2012]. 
  144. ^ China launches Turkish satellite: state media. AFP via Google. 18 December 2012 [18 December 2012]. (原始内容存档于25 January 2013). 
  145. ^ Chris Bergin. Soyuz TMA-07M returns ISS crew to Earth. NASASpaceflight.com. 13 May 2013 [15 May 2013]. 
  146. ^ 146.0 146.1 UK's Skynet military satellite launched. BBC. 19 December 2012 [20 December 2012]. 
  147. ^ Sounding Rocket Launch Scheduled January 11. NASA. 4 January 2012 [24 October 2012]. 
  148. ^ Wallops Flight Facility. NASA. [30 January 2013]. 
  149. ^ S-520-26 launch result. JAXA. 13 January 2012 [30 January 2013]. 
  150. ^ Israel tests Arrow 3 anti-ballistic missile system. Army-Technology.com. 25 January 2012 [30 January 2013]. 
  151. ^ India Successfully Test Interceptor Missile. DefenceNow.com. 11 February 2012 [1 February 2013]. (原始内容存档于23 September 2015). 
  152. ^ US-Israel Arrow completes successful test. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 10 February 2012 [1 February 2013]. 
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  186. ^ NASA successfully tests new launch vehicle from WFF. NASA. 22 September 2012 [5 February 2013]. 
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