2015年航太活動列表
外觀

軌道發射 | |
---|---|
首次 | 1月10日 |
末次 | 12月28日 |
總計 | 87 |
成功 | 82 |
失敗 | 4 |
部分失敗 | 1 |
識別碼 | 83[a] |
各國的首次 | |
衛星 | ![]() ![]() |
太空人 | ![]() ![]() |
火箭 | |
處女航 | |
退役 | 第聶伯-1 |
載人太空飛行 | |
軌道飛行次數 | 4 |
載人太空飛行人數合計 | 12 |
艙外活動次數 | 7 |
在2015年的航太活動中,中國長征六號、長征十一號運載火箭完成首飛。
2015年全球共嘗試了87次軌道發射,其中82次成功,1次部分成功,4次失敗。這一年還完成了七次國際太空站太空人艙外活動。本年大部分軌道發射是由俄羅斯、美國和中國進行的,分別進行了27次、20次和19次發射。
概述
[編輯]2015年2月,歐洲太空總署實驗舉升體太空載具——過渡實驗飛行器成功進行首次試飛,這是一次接近入軌的次軌道飛行。
2015年3月,黎明號進入軌道,穀神星成為第一顆被太空載具訪問的矮行星。2015年7月,新視野號經過9年的航行訪問了冥王星-卡戎系統,帶回了有關這顆前「第九大行星」(現被歸類為矮行星)的大量圖片和資訊。與此同時,信使號探測器在軌道上觀測了4年後受控撞向水星。
2015年11月23日,藍色起源新雪帕德號次軌道火箭在發射場附近實現首次動力軟著陸,為其推進級的全面重複使用鋪平了道路。12月21日,SpaceX獵鷹9號全推力火箭完成首飛,第一級成功著陸。
2015年12月17日,中國發射了暗物質粒子探測衛星「悟空」。
兩顆老舊氣象衛星NOAA-16和DMSP5D-2/F13於2015年解體,產生了數百塊太空垃圾。這兩起案件的根本原因都被懷疑是電池爆炸。
圖集
[編輯]軌道發射
[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯。
次軌道飛行
[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯。
發射時間 (UTC) | 運載火箭 | 火箭編號 | 發射場 | 發射服務提供商 | |||
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酬載 (⚀ = 立方星) |
載荷使用者 | 軌道 | 功能 | 再入時間 (UTC) | 結果 | ||
附註 | |||||||
26 January 09:13 |
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Alaska | Suborbital | Auroral | 26 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~160公里(99英里)? | |||||||
26 January 09:14 |
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Clemson | Suborbital | Auroral | 26 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~130公里(81英里)? | |||||||
26 January 09:46 |
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Alaska | Suborbital | Auroral | 26 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~160公里(99英里)? | |||||||
26 January 09:47 |
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Clemson | Suborbital | Auroral | 26 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~130公里(81英里)? | |||||||
28 January 10:41 |
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USU | Suborbital | Auroral | 28 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~590公里(370英里)? | |||||||
31 January 02:36:00[47] |
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DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 31 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~800公里(500英里) | |||||||
19 February | ![]() |
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DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 19 February | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~100公里(62英里) | |||||||
19 February 22:06 |
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Oslo/Andøya | Suborbital | Technology | 19 February | Successful | ||
Apogee: 365公里(227英里) | |||||||
22 February 07:52 |
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CNES | Suborbital | Microgravity | 22 February | Successful | ||
Apogee: 265公里(165英里) | |||||||
22 February | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 February | Successful | |||
22 February | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 February | Successful | |||
24 February 07:30 |
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DOD | Suborbital | Missile Defense Test | 24 February | Successful | |||
FTX-19 target, apogee: ~150公里(93英里)? | |||||||
24 February 07:30 |
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DOD | Suborbital | Missile Defense Test | 24 February | Successful | |||
FTX-19 target, apogee: ~150公里(93英里)? | |||||||
24 February 07:30 |
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DOD | Suborbital | Missile Defense Test | 24 February | Successful | |||
FTX-19 target, apogee: ~150公里(93英里)? | |||||||
25 February 12:26 |
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AFRL | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 25 February | Successful | ||
Apogee: 300公里(190英里)? | |||||||
26 February | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 26 February | Launch failure[48] | |||
Yu-71 Hypersonic Vehicle Test | |||||||
1 March[49] | ![]() |
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Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 1 March | Successful | ||
Apogee: 134公里(83英里). 1 of 2. | |||||||
1 March[49] | ![]() |
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Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 1 March | Successful | ||
Apogee: 134公里(83英里). 2 of 2. | |||||||
5 March 01:44 |
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DLR | Suborbital | Atmospheric | 5 March | Successful | ||
Apogee: 126公里(78英里), 13 Super Loki meteorological rockets were also launched | |||||||
9 March | ![]() |
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ASFC | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 March | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500公里(310英里)? | |||||||
18 March | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 18 March | Successful | |||
23 March 10:36 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 23 March | Successful | |||
GT214GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
27 March 10:54 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 27 March | Successful | |||
GT215GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
30 March | ![]() |
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DSTO | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 30 March | Successful | ||
9 April | ![]() |
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DRDO | Suborbital | Target | 9 April | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~100公里(62英里) | |||||||
15 April | ![]() |
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Army of Pakistan | Suborbital | Missile test | 15 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: 100公里(62英里) | |||||||
16 April 04:22 |
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Indian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 16 April | Successful | |||
Apogee: 350公里(220英里) | |||||||
18 April 11:01 |
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University of Colorado Boulder | Suborbital | Student Research | 18 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~174公里(108英里) | |||||||
23 April 07:35 |
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DLR/ESA | Suborbital | Microgravity | 23 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: 261公里(162英里) | |||||||
27 April 04:55 |
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DLR/ESA | Suborbital | Microgravity | 27 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: 255公里(158英里) | |||||||
2 May 08:30:01 |
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University of Iowa | Suborbital | X-Ray Astronomy | 2 May | Successful | ||
Apogee: 272公里(169英里) | |||||||
20 May 10:37 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 20 May | Successful | |||
GT212GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
21 May 19:15 |
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CU Boulder | Suborbital | SDO calibration | 21 May | Launch failure | ||
Second stage failure, flight was terminated safety officials about four seconds into the second stage burn after data showed the vehicle was flying off-course. The payload carrying the experiment separated from the rocket and descended via parachute. | |||||||
6 June | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 6 June | Successful | |||
Maiden flight of SM-3 Block IIA Cooperative Development Controlled Test Vehicle-01 (SCD CTV-01) | |||||||
25 June 10:00 |
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CU Boulder | Suborbital | Student experiments | 25 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: 118公里(73英里) | |||||||
26 June | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 26 June | Launch failure | |||
Aegis radar target | |||||||
30 June 04:55 |
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DLR | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 30 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: 252公里(157英里) | |||||||
7 July 10:15 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 7 July | Successful | ||
Apogee: 350公里(220英里) | |||||||
29 July 08:30 |
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MMW E1 | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 29 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 100公里(62英里)?, Aegis MMW E1 target, successful intercept by SM-6 Dual I missile | |||||||
30 July 06:15 |
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MMW E2 | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 30 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 100公里(62英里)?, Aegis MMW E2 target, successful intercept by SM-2 Block IV missile | |||||||
12 August 10:14 |
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Various universities | Suborbital | Student Research | 12 August | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~156km (97 miles).[50] | |||||||
19 August 10:03 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 19 August | Successful | |||
GT213GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
22 August 15:13 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 August | Successful | |||
27 August 17:45 |
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MSU | Suborbital | Solar astronomy | 27 August | Successful | ||
Apogee: 185英里(298公里)[51] | |||||||
3 September 17:01 |
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NASA / JAXA / IAC / IAS | Suborbital | Solar astronomy | 3 September | Successful | ||
Apogee: 167英里(269公里)[52] | |||||||
11 September 11:00:00 |
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HU/UT/TU/JAXA | Suborbital | Microgravity | 11 September | Successful | ||
Apogee: 312 km[53] | |||||||
16 September 19:06 |
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NRL | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 16 September | Successful | ||
Apogee: 299公里(186英里) | |||||||
30 September 08:28 |
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DGA/Marine nationale | Suborbital | Test flight | 30 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500公里(310英里), apparently launched from the land test pad, rather than from a submarine. | |||||||
2 October 05:39:00 |
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SNSB | Suborbital | Atmospheric Research | 2 October | Successful | ||
Apogee: 246公里(153英里) | |||||||
7 October 23:07:00 |
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NASA GSFC | Suborbital | Rocket motor test | 7 October | Successful | ||
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Orbital ATK | Suborbital | Materials Testing | 7 October | Successful | ||
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NASA | Suborbital | Materials Testing | 7 October | Successful | ||
Apogee: 257.5 kilometers (160mi).[54] Test flight of the new Black Brant Mk4 sustainer motor. Other payloads included a cloud of barium and strontium, which was deployed to test the rocket's payload ejection system and was visible for miles along the East Coast of the United States. | |||||||
19 October 14:09:00 |
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SNSB | Suborbital | Atmospheric Research | 19 October | Successful | ||
Apogee: 244公里(152英里) | |||||||
20 October | ![]() |
ADS-15 E2 | ![]() |
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DOD | Suborbital | Target | 20 October | Successful | |||
SM-3 Target, apogee: ~100公里(62英里)? | |||||||
20 October | ![]() |
ADS-15 E2 | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 20 October | Successful | |||
First Aegis-Test in the North Atlantic, successful intercept, apogee: ~100公里(62英里)? | |||||||
21 October 12:45:00 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 21 October | Successful | |||
GT216GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
28 October 11:30 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 October | Successful | |||
30 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 October | Successful | |||
30 October | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 October | Successful | |||
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 October | Successful | |||
31 October 23:00 ? |
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PLA | Suborbital | ABM target | 31 October | Successful | |||
Target | |||||||
31 October 23:00 ? |
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PLA | Suborbital | ABM test | 31 October | Successful | |||
Interceptor, successful intercept | |||||||
1 November 03:05 |
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FTO-02 E2a | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | THAAD target | 1 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 300公里(190英里), successful intercepted | |||||||
1 November 03:07 |
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FTO-02 E2a | ![]() |
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US Army/MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 1 November | Successful | ||
Intercepted target missile, apogee: 100公里(62英里) | |||||||
1 November 03:10 |
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FTO-02 E2a | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | THAAD target | 1 November | Successful | ||
Apogee: 300公里(190英里), successful intercepted | |||||||
1 November 03:12 |
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FTO-02 E2a | ![]() |
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US Army/MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 1 November | Successful | ||
Intercepted target missile, apogee: 100公里(62英里) | |||||||
6 November 15:01 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Four technology demonstration experiments | 6 November | Successful | ||
Mission SL-10, Apogee: 120.7 kilometers (74.98 miles). First private suborbital rocket to demonstrate ejection of recoverable payloads.[55] | |||||||
8 November 02:00 |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 November | Successful | |||
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation 26 (DASO-26) | |||||||
9 November 04:15 |
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DRDO | Suborbital | Missile Test | 9 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~850公里(530英里)? | |||||||
9 November 20:00 |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 November | Successful | |||
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation 26 (DASO-26) | |||||||
14 November | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 November | Successful | |||
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 November | Successful | |||
Missile did not hit its targets at the Kura test site. The warheads did reach the Kamchatka region, but the miss was fairly large, but that was still not significant enough to abort the flight | |||||||
17 November 12:12 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 17 November | Successful | |||
21 November | ![]() |
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IGRC | Suborbital | Missile test | 21 November | Successful | ||
apogee: 150公里(93英里) | |||||||
23 November 17:21 |
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Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | 23 November | Successful | ||
Apogee: 100.5公里(62.4英里). Second test flight of the New Shepard launch system, first to cross the Kármán line, and first to achieve a powered landing of its propulsion stage. | |||||||
25 November 04:17 |
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UMass | Suborbital | Astronomy | 25 November | Successful | ||
apogee: 217公里(135英里) | |||||||
30 November 07:25 |
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Dartmouth College | Suborbital | Auroral research | 30 November | Launch failure | ||
Third stage failure, payload recovered | |||||||
1 December 05:00 |
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SSC | Suborbital | Microgravity | 1 December | Successful | ||
apogee: 270公里(170英里) | |||||||
5 December 04:45 |
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U of M | Suborbital | Astronomy | 5 December | Successful | ||
apogee: 224公里(139英里) | |||||||
8 December | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 8 December | Successful | |||
Second flight of SM-3 Block IIA Cooperative Development Controlled Test Vehicle-02 (SCD CTV-02) | |||||||
10 December 06:12 |
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IAI/IDF | Suborbital | ABM target | 10 December | Successful | |||
Arrow-3 target, successfully intercepted, apogee: ~150公里(93英里) | |||||||
10 December 06:15 |
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IAI/IDF | Suborbital | ABM Test | 10 December | Successful | |||
First test of the Arrow-III against a target, successful intercept over the Mediterranean | |||||||
10 December | ![]() |
FTO-02 E1a | ![]() |
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MDA | Suborbital | SM-3-IB target | 10 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 300公里(190英里), successful intercepted | |||||||
10 December | ![]() |
FTO-02 E1a | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 10 December | Successful | |||
First intercept flight test of a land-based Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) weapon system | |||||||
10 December 13:55 |
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US Army | Suborbital | Target | 10 December | Successful | |||
Target for MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3 MSE test, successfully intercepted | |||||||
11 December | ![]() |
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ASFC | Suborbital | Missile test | 11 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500公里(310英里)? | |||||||
12 December | ![]() |
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VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 December | Successful | |||
13 December 04:32 |
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New Hampshire | Suborbital | Geospace | 13 December | Successful | ||
Apogee: 447公里(278英里) | |||||||
15 December | ![]() |
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ASFC | Suborbital | Missile test | 15 December | Successful | |||
18 December 06:52 |
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JHU | Suborbital | UV Astronomy | 18 December | Successful | ||
apogee: 282公里(175英里) | |||||||
24 December 17:55 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 24 December | Successful |
深空機動
[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯。
日期 (UTC) | 太空載具 | 事件 | 備註 |
---|---|---|---|
10 January | Chang'e 5-T1 | Injection into Selenocentric orbit | Departed from Earth–Moon L2 on 4 January. |
11 January[56] | Cassini | 109th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 970 kilometres (603 mi). |
12 February | Cassini | 110th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,200 kilometres (746 mi). |
6 March[57] | Dawn | Enters orbit of Ceres | 1st visit to a dwarf planet. |
16 March | Cassini | 111th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 2,275 kilometres (1,413 mi). |
30 April | MESSENGER | Impact to Mercury[58] | The crash occurred on the side of the planet not visible from Earth. |
7 May | Cassini | 112th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 2,722公里(1,691英里). |
16 June | Cassini | 4th flyby of Dione | Closest approach: 516公里(321英里). |
7 July | Cassini | 113th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 10,953公里(6,806英里). |
14 July | New Horizons | First flyby of Pluto and Charon | 2nd visit to a dwarf planet. Closest approach: 12,500 km (7,800 mi). |
17 August | Cassini | 5th flyby of Dione | Closest approach: 474公里(295英里). |
28 September | Cassini | 114th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,036 kilometres (643 mi). |
14 October | Cassini | Flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 1,839 kilometres (1,142 mi). |
28 October | Cassini | Flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 49公里(30英里). |
12 November | Cassini | 115th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 11,920 kilometres (7,407 mi). |
3 December[59] | Hayabusa2 | Flyby of Earth | Gravity assist |
3 December[60] | PROCYON | Flyby of Earth | Gravity assist en route to cancelled asteroid flyby. |
4 December[61] | Shin'en 2 | Flyby of Earth | Gravity assist |
7 December[62] | Akatsuki | Venus orbit insertion | Akatsuki's 2nd flyby of Venus and 2nd (successful) attempt at orbit insertion. |
19 December | Cassini | Flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 4,999公里(3,106英里). |
艙外活動
[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯。
開始時間 | 持續時間 | 結束時間 | 太空載具 | 乘組 | 備註 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
21 February 12:45 |
6 hours 41 minutes |
19:26 | Expedition 42/43 | ![]() |
Rigged and routed power and data cables at the forward end of the Harmony module as part of preparations for the installation of the International Docking Adapter at PMA-2.[63] |
25 February 11:51 |
6 hours 43 minutes |
18:34 | Expedition 42/43 | ![]() |
Completed power and data cable routing at the forward end of the Harmony module. Removed launch locks from forward and aft berthing ports of Tranquility to prepare for relocation of the Permanent Multipurpose Module and the installation of the Bigelow Expandable Activity Module. Lubricated end effector of Canadarm2.[64][65] |
1 March 11:52 |
5 hours 38 minutes |
17:30 | Expedition 42/43 | ![]() |
Finished cable routing, antenna and retro-reflector installation on both sides of the ISS truss and on other modules in preparation for the installation of the International Docking Adapter at PMA-2 and 3.[66][67] |
10 August 14:20 |
5 hours 31 minutes |
19:51 | Expedition 44/45 | ![]() |
Installed gap spanners on the hull of the station for facilitating movement of crew members on future spacewalks, cleaned windows of the Zvezda Service Module, install fasteners on communications antennas, replaced an aging docking antenna, photographed various locations and hardware on Zvezda and nearby modules, and retrieved a space environment experiment.[68][69] |
28 October 12:03 |
7 hours 16 minutes |
19:19 | Expedition 45 | ![]() |
Prepared a Main Bus Switching Unit for repair, installed a thermal cover on the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, lubricated elements of the Space Station Remote Manipulator System, and routed data and power cables to prepare for the installation of the International Docking Adaptor at PMA-2 and 3.[70] |
6 November 11:22 |
7 hours 48 minutes |
19:10 | Expedition 45 | ![]() |
Worked to restore a portion of the ISS's cooling system to its primary configuration, returning ammonia coolant levels to normal in the primary and backup radiator arrays.[71] |
21 December 13:45 |
3 hours 16 minutes |
16:01 | Expedition 46 | ![]() |
Released a brake on the Mobile Servicing System to allow it to be properly stowed prior to the arrival of a visiting Progress vehicle. Routed cables in preparation for the installation of the Nauka module and the International Docking Adapter, and retrieved tools from a toolbox.[72] |
空間碎片事件
[編輯]發生時間(UTC) | 碎片源 | 事件類型 | 追蹤碎片數 | 備註 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2月3日17:40[73] | DMSP 5D-2/F13(USA-109) | 衛星解體 | 159[74] | 飛機解體很可能是由於電池爆炸引起的。[73][75]該衛星於1995年發射。同一系列的另一顆衛星DMSP5D-2/F11已於2004年解體。[73]預計碎片將在軌道上停留數十年。[76] |
11月25日7:20[77] | NOAA-16 | 衛星解體 | 275[78] | 這顆氣象衛星於2000年發射,其結構與2015年2月解體的DMSP衛星相似,因此懷疑其原因相同(電池過熱爆炸)。[79] |
12月22日16:00[80] | Briz-M上層級 | 推進器爆炸 | 9[80] | 自2012年發射加拿大Nimiq6通訊衛星以來,Briz-M上層級推進器一直存在於地球同步轉移軌道上,截至2016年1月26日,已解體為9塊碎片。對碎片的軌道分析使爆炸時間確定在2015年12月22日16:00UTC的一分鐘之內[80]。此前,Briz-M火箭的另外三級上層級也分別於2007年、2010年和2012年發生爆炸。[81] |
軌道發射統計
[編輯]按國家(區域)
[編輯]就本章節的主旨而言,每次航太飛行所屬的國家以火箭的原產國為準,而不是發射服務提供商或發射場所在國。例如,西歐亞利安空間公司在南美洲蓋亞那太空中心發射的聯盟號火箭應視作俄羅斯的發射,因為聯盟2號是俄羅斯火箭。
- 中國: 19
- 法國: 6
- 義大利: 3
- 印度: 5
- 伊朗: 1
- 日本: 4
- 俄羅斯: 27
- 烏克蘭: 2
- 美國: 20
國家(區域) | 發射數 | 成功數 | 失敗數 | 部分 失敗數 |
備註 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
19 | 19 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
![]() |
27 | 24 | 2 | 1 | 包括亞利安空間公司從蓋亞那太空中心發射的3次歐洲聯盟號火箭 | |
![]() |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 天頂與第聶伯火箭從俄羅斯和/或哈薩克斯坦發射 | |
![]() |
20 | 18 | 2 | 0 | ||
總計 | 87 | 82 | 4 | 1 |
按火箭
[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯。
By family
[編輯]Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane | ![]() |
6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas | ![]() |
9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta | ![]() |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon | ![]() |
7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
GSLV | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-II | ![]() |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March | ![]() |
19 | 19 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | ![]() |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
R-7 | ![]() |
17 | 15 | 1 | 1 | |
R-36 | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Safir | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Strypi | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Universal Rocket | ![]() |
10 | 9 | 1 | 0 | |
Vega | ![]() |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Zenit | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
By type
[編輯]Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane 5 | ![]() |
Ariane | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V | ![]() |
Atlas | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta II | ![]() |
Delta | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV | ![]() |
Delta | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Dnepr | ![]() |
R-36 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Falcon 9 | ![]() |
Falcon | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
GSLV | ![]() |
GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA | ![]() |
H-II | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | ![]() |
H-II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2 | ![]() |
Long March | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3 | ![]() |
Long March | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4 | ![]() |
Long March | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 6 | ![]() |
Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 11 | ![]() |
Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Proton | ![]() |
Universal Rocket | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | |
PSLV | ![]() |
PSLV | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Safir | ![]() |
Safir | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz | ![]() |
R-7 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2 | ![]() |
R-7 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 1 | |
Super Strypi | ![]() |
Strypi | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
UR-100 | ![]() |
Universal Rocket | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | ![]() |
Vega | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Zenit | ![]() |
Zenit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
By configuration
[編輯]Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane 5 ECA | ![]() |
Ariane 5 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 401 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 421 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 501 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 551 | ![]() |
Atlas V | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta II 7320 | ![]() |
Delta II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (4,2) | ![]() |
Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (5,4) | ![]() |
Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Dnepr | ![]() |
R-36 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Falcon 9 v1.1 | ![]() |
Falcon 9 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 Full Thrust | ![]() |
Falcon 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
GSLV Mk II | ![]() |
GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA 202 | ![]() |
H-IIA | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA 204 | ![]() |
H-IIA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | ![]() |
H-IIB | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2D | ![]() |
Long March 2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B/E | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B / YZ-1 | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 3C/E / YZ-1 | ![]() |
Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 4B | ![]() |
Long March 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4C | ![]() |
Long March 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 6 | ![]() |
Long March 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 11 | ![]() |
Long March 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Proton-M / Blok DM-03 | ![]() |
Proton | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-M / Briz-M | ![]() |
Proton | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
PSLV-CA | ![]() |
PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-XL | ![]() |
PSLV | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Rokot / Briz-KM | ![]() |
UR-100 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Safir-1B | ![]() |
Safir | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz ST-B / Fregat-MT | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2-1v / Volga | ![]() |
Soyuz-2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Soyuz-FG | ![]() |
Soyuz | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-U | ![]() |
Soyuz | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Super Strypi | ![]() |
Strypi | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Vega | ![]() |
Vega | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Zenit-3F | ![]() |
Zenit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
按發射場
[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯。
5
10
15
20
25
30
China
France
India
Iran
Japan
Kazakhstan
Russia
United States
Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | ![]() |
18 | 16 | 2 | 0 | |
Barking Sands | ![]() |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Cape Canaveral | ![]() |
17 | 16 | 1 | 0 | |
Dombarovsky | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Kourou | ![]() |
12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | |
Jiuquan | ![]() |
5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | ![]() |
7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | |
Satish Dhawan | ![]() |
5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Semnan | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Taiyuan | ![]() |
5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Tanegashima | ![]() |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | ![]() |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Xichang | ![]() |
9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 87 | 82 | 4 | 1 |
按軌道
[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯。
10
20
30
40
50
- Transatmospheric
- Low Earth
- Low Earth (ISS)
- Low Earth (SSO)
- Low Earth (retrograde)
- Geosychronous
(transfer) - Medium Earth
- High Earth
- Heliocentric
Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not achieved | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transatmospheric | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Low Earth | 45 | 42 | 2 | 1 | 14 to ISS (1 launch failure, 1 failure post-separation) |
Geosynchronous/transfer | 32 | 31 | 1 | 0 | |
Medium Earth | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
High Earth | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 87 | 83 | 3 | 1 |
注釋
[編輯]參考
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- ^ Brazilian AESP-14 CubeSat was deployed from Kibo. JAXA. 5 February 2015 [17 September 2015].
- ^ Flock-1, -1b, -1c, -1d, -1d', -1e, -1f, -2, -2b, -2c, -2d, -2e. space.skyrocket.de. [17 September 2015].
- ^ FIREBIRD 3. N2YO.com. 2 August 2023 [2 December 2023].
- ^ FIREBIRD 4. N2YO.com. 2 August 2023 [2 December 2023].
- ^ 情報収集衛星レーダ予備機の運用終了について (PDF). CSICE. 31 July 2024 [3 August 2024] (日語).
- ^ Elon Musk at Twitter: "Ascent successful. Dragon enroute to Space Station. Rocket landed on droneship, but too hard for survival."
- ^ РОСКОСМОС: "ПРОГРЕСС М-27М" - ОПРЕДЕЛЕНА ПРИЧИНА АВАРИИ (ROSCOSMOS: "Progress M-27M" - cause of accident determined). Roscosmos. 1 June 2015 [1 June 2015]. (原始內容存檔於11 June 2015) (俄語).
- ^ Hout, Dan. Progress 59 Update Apr. 30, 2015. NASA Blogs: Space Station. NASA. 30 April 2015 [16 May 2021]. (原始內容存檔於16 May 2021).
- ^ Russian spacecraft Progress M-27M 'out of control'. BBC News. British Broadcasting Company. 29 April 2015 [30 April 2015].
- ^ РОСКОСМОС: НАЗВАНА ПРИЧИНА АВАРИИ РН "ПРОТОН-М" (ROSCOSMOS: Named cause of the accident "Proton-M"). Roscosmos. 29 May 2015 [30 May 2015]. (原始內容存檔於30 May 2015) (俄語).
- ^ Ray, Justin. X-37B spaceplane returns to Earth and makes autopilot landing in Florida. Spaceflight Now. 7 May 2017 [7 May 2017].
- ^ AEROCUBE 8A. N2YO.com. [27 October 2021].
- ^ AEROCUBE 8B - Norad 40660U. Satview. [8 October 2021].
- ^ CRS-7 INVESTIGATION UPDATE. SpaceX. 20 July 2015 [28 July 2015]. (原始內容存檔於26 March 2017).
- ^ @planet4589. Dragon also will carry eight @planetlabs Flock-1f imaging cubesats which will be stored on ISS for later deployment (推文). 27 June 2015 –透過Twitter.
- ^ ISS Daily Summary Report – 10/7/15. NASA. 7 October 2015 [26 October 2015].
- ^ Stork Set to Make Special Space Station Delivery. NASA. 14 August 2015.
- ^ GomSpace - GOMX-3 mission completed and de-orbited according to plan (PDF). 21 October 2016 [8 December 2016]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於20 December 2016). 已忽略未知參數
|df=
(幫助) - ^ 千葉工業大学 惑星探査研究センター. 24 November 2016 [8 December 2016] (日語).
- ^ Brightman steps down from station flight. spaceflightnow.com. 13 May 2015.
- ^ Jeff Foust. Kazakh Cosmonaut To Take Brightman's Place On Soyuz Flight. SpaceNews.com. 22 June 2015.
- ^ ESA. Andreas Mogensen's mission name links cosmos and Earth. [22 June 2015].
- ^ NUDT-PHONESAT. N2YO.com. 29 March 2023 [31 March 2023].
- ^ XW-2A. N2YO.com. 25 April 2023 [15 January 2024].
- ^ TIANWANG 1A (TW-1A). N2YO.com. 30 December 2022 [9 January 2023].
- ^ TIANWANG 1B (TW-1B). N2YO.com. 31 March 2021 [27 October 2021].
- ^ TIANWANG 1C (TW-1C). N2YO.com. 27 February 2021 [27 October 2021].
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. Jilin-1 Smart Verfication [sic] Satellite. Gunter's Space Page. [10 January 2019].
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. Jilin-1 Optical-A, B. Gunter's Space Page. [10 January 2019].
- ^ 31.0 31.1 Krebs, Gunter. Jilin-1 Video-01, 02 (Lingqiao 1-01, 02). Gunter's Space Page. [10 January 2019].
- ^ Bergin, Chris; Graham, William. Soyuz 2-1B launches EKS-1 to upgrade Russian Early Warning System. NASASpaceflight.com. 17 November 2015 [16 May 2021]. (原始內容存檔於16 May 2021).
- ^ Russia's 1st EKS Missile Warning Satellite enters surprising Orbit. 18 November 2015 [2015-11-20].
- ^ Новейший спутник Минобороны РФ вышел на связь и работает нормально РИА Новости. 17 November 2015 [2015-11-17].
- ^ Clark, Stephen. China launches first satellite for Laos. Spaceflight Now. [27 November 2015].
- ^ Russian Military Satellite Suffers Launch Failure, Will Crash Soon. Space.com. 7 December 2015.
- ^ Russian Soyuz-2.1v launch a partial failure - SpaceFlight Insider. www.spaceflightinsider.com. 7 December 2015.
- ^ Private Cargo Spacecraft Gets New Rocket Ride After Accident. Space.com. 9 December 2014 [2015-04-04].
- ^ The Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer (MinXSS). University of Colorado Boulder. [19 April 2018].
- ^ SIMPL. N2YO.com. 26 July 2022 [18 August 2022].
- ^ FLOCK 2E-8. N2YO.com. 25 July 2017 [20 October 2023].
- ^ FLOCK 2E-8. N2YO.com. 14 August 2018 [20 October 2023].
- ^ CADRE. N2YO.com. [19 August 2019].
- ^ MINXSS. N2YO.com. [19 August 2019].
- ^ NODES 2. N2YO.com. [19 August 2019].
- ^ STMSAT 1. N2YO.com. [19 August 2019].
- ^ Agni-V's maiden canister trial successful | Zee News. Zeenews.india.com. 2015-01-31 [2015-04-04].
- ^ Podvig, Pavel. Flight test of a Project 4202 vehicle. Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. 26 February 2015.
- ^ 49.0 49.1 The CNS North Korea Missile Test Database. Nuclear Threat Initiative. [2025-01-17].
- ^ Black, Patrick. NASA Launches Student Experiments from Wallops. NASA. 12 August 2015.
- ^ Frazier, Sarah. NASA-Funded MOSES-2 Sounding Rocket to Investigate Coronal Heating / Update. NASA. 28 August 2015 [18 September 2015].
- ^ NASA's 'CLASP' Mission Set to Gauge Upper Solar Chromosphere's Magnetic Field / Update - Sept. 4, 2015. 4 September 2015 [18 September 2015].
- ^ 観測ロケットS-520-30号機 打上げ結果について. JAXA. 16 September 2015 [18 September 2015] (日語).
- ^ Latrell, Joe. NASA Launches Student Experiments from Wallops. Spaceflight Insider. 8 October 2015.
- ^ Spaceport America's 24th Launch – an UP Aerospace SpaceLoft Rocket Demonstrated the Capability to Eject Separate Payloads Requiring Independent Re-entry. Spaceport America. 6 November 2015 [14 November 2015]. (原始內容存檔於16 January 2016). 已忽略未知參數
|df=
(幫助) - ^ Cassini Solstice Mission: Saturn Tour Dates: 2015. Cassini Solstice Mission. (原始內容存檔於18 May 2015).
- ^ Dawn Spacecraft Begins Approach to Dwarf Planet Ceres. NASA. 29 December 2014.
- ^ From Mercury orbit, MESSENGER watches a lunar eclipse. Planetary Society. 10 October 2014.
- ^ Asteroid Explorer "Hayabusa2" Topics. JAXA. 2 November 2015.
- ^ Emily Lakdawalla. PROCYON update: Asteroid 2000 DP107 target selected, ion engine stopped. The Planetary Society. 13 April 2015.
- ^ Keiichi Okuyama-Lab. Kyushu Institute of Technology.
- ^ Crippled space probe bound for second chance at Venus. Spaceflight Now. [21 November 2011].
- ^ First of Three Spacewalks Complete | Space Station. Blogs.nasa.gov. 2015-02-21 [2015-04-04].
- ^ Wilmore and Virts Begin Their Second Spacewalk. NASA. 2015-02-25 [2015-02-25].
- ^ Pete Harding. EVA-30 concluded latest ISS commercial crew preparations. NASASpaceflight.com. 2015-02-25 [2015-02-25].
- ^ Spacewalkers Install C2V2 Cables. NASA. 2015-03-01 [2015-03-01].
- ^ Chris Bergin. Spacewalkers install new comms system for future vehicles. NASASpaceflight.com. 2015-03-01 [2015-03-01].
- ^ Cosmonauts Complete Russian Spacewalk. NASA. 2015-08-10 [2015-08-11]. (原始內容存檔於23 April 2019).
- ^ David Štula. RS-41: Cosmonaut duo complete the only Russian spacewalk of 2015. NASASpaceflight.com. 2015-08-10 [2015-08-11].
- ^ NASA Astronauts Complete Their First Spacewalk – Space Station. blogs.nasa.gov. [29 October 2015]. (原始內容存檔於2 June 2020).
- ^ Pair of NASA Astronauts Wrap Up Second Spacewalk – Space Station. blogs.nasa.gov. [10 November 2015]. (原始內容存檔於2 June 2020).
- ^ Astronauts Make Quick Work of Short Spacewalk – Space Station. blogs.nasa.gov. [21 December 2015]. (原始內容存檔於19 October 2019).
- ^ 73.0 73.1 73.2 Recent Breakup of a DMSP Satellite (PDF). Orbital Debris Quarterly News (NASA). April 2015, 19 (2) [8 February 2016]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2015-05-03).
- ^ T.S. Kelso, CelesTrak. We have TLEs for 10 more pieces of debris from DMSP 5D-2 F13, which brings the total to 159 so far.. 11 June 2015 [8 February 2016].
- ^ Berger, Brian; Gruss, Mike. 20-year-old Military Weather Satellite Apparently Exploded in Orbit. Space News. 27 February 2015 [28 February 2015].
- ^ Gruss, Mike. DMSP-F13 Debris To Stay On Orbit for Decades. Space News. 2015-05-06 [7 May 2015].
- ^ T.S. Kelso [@TSKelso]. Preliminary analysis of initial TLEs for NOAA 16 debris suggests an event time of 2015 Nov 25 @ ~0720 UTC. (推文). 5 December 2015 [8 February 2016] –透過Twitter.
- ^ T.S. Kelso, CelesTrak [@TSKelso]. That brings the total so far for the NOAA 16 debris event to 275 pieces, with none having decayed from orbit. (推文). 26 March 2016 [28 March 2016] –透過Twitter.
- ^ NOAA Weather Satellite suffers in-orbit Breakup. 25 November 2015 [8 February 2016].
- ^ 80.0 80.1 80.2 Joint Space Operations Center [@JSpOC]. JSpOC confirms breakup of BREEZE-M R/B (#38343). Analysis shows it occurred Dec 22, 2015, 1600Z +/-1 min. 9 associated pieces. #38343Breakup (推文). 26 January 2016 [28 March 2016] –透過Twitter.
- ^ Clark, Stephen. Rocket explosion raises worries over space debris. Spaceflight Now. 24 October 2012 [28 March 2016].
外部連結
[編輯]- 中國國家航天局
- 中國探月網
- Encyclopedia Astronautica
- Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
- 日本宇宙航空研究開發機構
- Jonathan's Space Report(SatCat.txt與Launchlog.txt兩項)
- Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
- NASA
- NASA SpaceFlight.com
- Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
- Space Calander (NASA JPL)
- Southwest Space Archive
- SPACE.com Launch Forecast
- SpaceFlightNow
- Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
- U.S. Space Objects Registry