普瑞巴林
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臨床資料 | |
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读音 | /priˈɡæbəlɪn/ |
商品名 | 乐瑞卡(Lyrica)、喜思平等 |
其他名稱 | Isobutyl GABA |
AHFS/Drugs.com | 国际药品名称 |
MedlinePlus | a605045 |
核准狀況 |
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懷孕分級 |
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依賴性 | 生理依赖性:高[1] 心理依赖性:中[1] |
成癮性 | 低[1](因剂量和给药途径而异) |
给药途径 | 口服 |
ATC碼 | |
法律規範狀態 | |
法律規範 |
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藥物動力學數據 | |
生物利用度 | ≥90% |
血漿蛋白結合率 | Nil |
药物代谢 | Negligible |
代謝產物 | N-methylpregabalin[5] |
藥效起始時間 | 1.5 小時[6] |
生物半衰期 | 6.3 小時[6] |
排泄途徑 | 腎 |
识别信息 | |
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CAS号 | 148553-50-8 ![]() |
PubChem CID | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.119.513 |
化学信息 | |
化学式 | C8H17NO2 |
摩尔质量 | 159.23 g.mol−1 |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
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普瑞巴林(英語:Pregabalin), 原研药商品名乐瑞卡(英語:Lyrica),是一款被用作治療癲癇、神經性疼痛、纖維肌痛、廣泛性焦慮症[7][8]的藥物。
药理学
[编辑]普瑞巴林是神经递质γ-氨基丁酸的衍生物,[9] 也是種強效的加巴噴丁類化合物,但它并不与任何γ-氨基丁酸受体结合,而是通过抑制钙通道发挥作用。[10][11]它是某些电压依赖性钙通道(VDCCs)的辅助α2δ亚基位点的配体,从而作为含α2δ亚基的电压依赖性钙通道的抑制剂。[10] [12]它与α2δ1以及α2δ2这两个亚基结合,并在这两个位点上表现出了相似的亲和力,因此普瑞巴林缺乏α2δ亚基的选择性,[10]但具有电压依赖性钙通道的α2δ亚基选择性。[12] [13] 虽然普瑞巴林不与任何γ-氨基丁酸受体结合,也不会转换为γ-氨基丁酸或其他γ-氨基丁酸受体激动剂,也不直接调节γ-氨基丁酸的转运或代谢,[11][12]但它会增加L-谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)在大脑中的表达,[14][15] [16] 而此酶是用于合成γ-氨基丁酸的酶,因此可能由于大脑内γ氨基丁酸水平升高造成一些γ-氨基丁酸能的作用。但目前没有证据可以说明普瑞巴林的作用是除了抑制含α2δ亚基的电压依赖性钙通道介导的。[12] [17] 因此,普瑞巴林对其的抑制作用似乎是它抗惊厥、镇痛和抗焦虑效果的原因。[12][17]
在一项研究中发现,普瑞巴林对含α2δ亚基的电压依赖性钙通具有比加巴喷丁高6倍的亲和力,[18][19]而在另一项研究中发现,普瑞巴林和加巴喷丁对人类重组α2δ1亚基具有差不多的亲和力(Ki分别为32 nM和40 nM)。[20]在任何情况下,普瑞巴林作为镇痛药的效力是加巴喷丁的2~4倍,[9][21]在动物身上作为抗惊厥药时的效力似乎是加巴喷丁的3~10倍。[9][21]
过量服用
[编辑]普瑞巴林药物过量通常表现为严重昏睡、严重共济失调、視力模糊、构音障碍、不可控的抽搐动作(肌阵挛)和焦虑[22] 。在一项案例研究报告声称,过量服用普瑞巴林导致了黄斑脱离[23]。尽管会出现这些症状,过量服用普瑞巴林通常不会致命,除非与其他中樞抑制劑混合使用。几名肾衰竭患者在服用普瑞巴林时出现肌阵挛,这显然是由于药物逐渐蓄积所致。急性过量可能表现为昏睡、心动过速和肌肉张力亢进。可以通过测量普瑞巴林的血浆、血清或血液药物浓度,监测治疗效果或确认住院患者药物中毒的诊断[24][25][26] 。
2024年11月,中国禁毒报报道,普瑞巴林被一些青少年滥用,而长期服用或滥用普瑞巴林可能导致成瘾。该报道被温州禁毒网转发[27]。
參考文獻
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- ^ Prescription medicines: registration of new generic medicines and biosimilar medicines, 2017. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 2022-06-21 [2024-03-30]. (原始内容存档于2023-07-06).
- ^ Lyrica Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). (emc). 2023-02-27 [2023-12-21]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-21).
- ^ Lyrica EPAR. European Medicines Agency (EMA). 2004-07-06 [2023-12-21]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-21).
- ^ Summary of product characteristics (PDF). European Medicines Agency. 2013-03-06 [2013-05-06]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-09-16).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Pharmacotherapy Update - Pregabalin (Lyrica®):Part I. [2016-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-27).
- ^ Frampton, JE. Pregabalin: a review of its use in adults with generalized anxiety disorder.. CNS Drugs. September 2014, 28 (9): 835–54. PMID 25149863. doi:10.1007/s40263-014-0192-0.
- ^ Pregabalin. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [2015-10-23]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-09).
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Bryans JS, Wustrow DJ. 3-substituted GABA analogs with central nervous system activity: a review. Medicinal Research Reviews. March 1999, 19 (2): 149–177. PMID 10189176. S2CID 38496241. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1128(199903)19:2<149::AID-MED3>3.0.CO;2-B.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Calandre EP, Rico-Villademoros F, Slim M. Alpha2delta ligands, gabapentin, pregabalin and mirogabalin: a review of their clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. November 2016, 16 (11): 1263–1277. PMID 27345098. S2CID 33200190. doi:10.1080/14737175.2016.1202764.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Uchitel OD, Di Guilmi MN, Urbano FJ, Gonzalez-Inchauspe C. Acute modulation of calcium currents and synaptic transmission by gabapentinoids. Channels. 2010, 4 (6): 490–496. PMID 21150315. doi:10.4161/chan.4.6.12864
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- ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Sills GJ. The mechanisms of action of gabapentin and pregabalin. Current Opinion in Pharmacology. February 2006, 6 (1): 108–113. PMID 16376147. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2005.11.003.
- ^ Benzon HM, Rathmell JP, Wu CL, Turk DC, Argoff CE, Hurley RW. Practical Management of Pain. Elsevier Health Sciences. September 11, 2013: 1006. ISBN 978-0-323-17080-2.
- ^ Lin GQ, You QD, Cheng JF (编). Chiral Drugs: Chemistry and Biological Action. John Wiley & Sons. August 8, 2011: 88 [August 17, 2016]. ISBN 9781118075630. (原始内容存档于April 25, 2022) –通过Google Books.
- ^ Li Z, Taylor CP, Weber M, Piechan J, Prior F, Bian F, et al. Pregabalin is a potent and selective ligand for α(2)δ-1 and α(2)δ-2 calcium channel subunits. European Journal of Pharmacology. September 2011, 667 (1–3): 80–90 [October 20, 2020]. PMID 21651903. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.054. (原始内容存档于October 21, 2020).
- ^ Sze PY. L-Glutamate Decarboxylase. GABA—Biochemistry and CNS Functions. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 123. 1979: 59–78. ISBN 978-1-4899-5201-1. PMID 390996. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-5199-1_4.
- ^ 17.0 17.1 Stahl SM, Porreca F, Taylor CP, Cheung R, Thorpe AJ, Clair A. The diverse therapeutic actions of pregabalin: is a single mechanism responsible for several pharmacological activities?. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. June 2013, 34 (6): 332–339. PMID 23642658. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2013.04.001.
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- ^ Taylor CP, Angelotti T, Fauman E. Pharmacology and mechanism of action of pregabalin: the calcium channel alpha2-delta (alpha2-delta) subunit as a target for antiepileptic drug discovery. Epilepsy Research. February 2007, 73 (2): 137–150 [October 19, 2020]. PMID 17126531. S2CID 54254671. doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2006.09.008. (原始内容存档于October 23, 2020).
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- ^ Desai A, Kherallah Y, Szabo C, Marawar R. Gabapentin or pregabalin induced myoclonus: A case series and literature review. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2019-03, 61: 225–234. PMID 30381161. S2CID 53165515. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2018.09.019.
- ^ Tanyıldız B, Kandemir B, Mangan MS, Tangılntız A, Göktaş E, Şimşek S. Bilateral Serous Macular Detachment After Attempted Suicide with Pregabalin. Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology. 2018-10, 48 (5): 254–257. PMC 6216534
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- ^ 禁毒科普丨普瑞巴林,危险的药物成瘾. 温州禁毒网. 2024-11-28 [2025-04-12].