普瑞巴林
![]() | 此條目可參照英語維基百科相應條目來擴充。 (2016年3月1日) |
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臨床資料 | |
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讀音 | /priˈɡæbəlɪn/ |
商品名 | 樂瑞卡(Lyrica)、喜思平等 |
其他名稱 | Isobutyl GABA |
AHFS/Drugs.com | 國際藥品名稱 |
MedlinePlus | a605045 |
核准狀況 |
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懷孕分級 |
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依賴性 | 生理依賴性:高[1] 心理依賴性:中[1] |
成癮性 | 低[1](因劑量和給藥途徑而異) |
給藥途徑 | 口服 |
ATC碼 | |
法律規範狀態 | |
法律規範 |
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藥物動力學數據 | |
生物利用度 | ≥90% |
血漿蛋白結合率 | Nil |
藥物代謝 | Negligible |
代謝產物 | N-methylpregabalin[5] |
藥效起始時間 | 1.5 小時[6] |
生物半衰期 | 6.3 小時[6] |
排泄途徑 | 腎 |
識別資訊 | |
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CAS號 | 148553-50-8 ![]() |
PubChem CID | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.119.513 |
化學資訊 | |
化學式 | C8H17NO2 |
摩爾質量 | 159.23 g.mol−1 |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
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普瑞巴林(英語:Pregabalin), 原研藥商品名樂瑞卡(英語:Lyrica),是一款被用作治療癲癇、神經性疼痛、纖維肌痛、廣泛性焦慮症[7][8]的藥物。
藥理學
[編輯]普瑞巴林是神經遞質γ-氨基丁酸的衍生物,[9] 也是種強效的加巴噴丁類化合物,但它並不與任何γ-氨基丁酸受體結合,而是通過抑制鈣通道發揮作用。[10][11]它是某些電壓依賴性鈣通道(VDCCs)的輔助α2δ亞基位點的配體,從而作為含α2δ亞基的電壓依賴性鈣通道的抑制劑。[10] [12]它與α2δ1以及α2δ2這兩個亞基結合,並在這兩個位點上表現出了相似的親和力,因此普瑞巴林缺乏α2δ亞基的選擇性,[10]但具有電壓依賴性鈣通道的α2δ亞基選擇性。[12] [13] 雖然普瑞巴林不與任何γ-氨基丁酸受體結合,也不會轉換為γ-氨基丁酸或其他γ-氨基丁酸受體激動劑,也不直接調節γ-氨基丁酸的轉運或代謝,[11][12]但它會增加L-穀氨酸脫羧酶(GAD)在大腦中的表達,[14][15] [16] 而此酶是用於合成γ-氨基丁酸的酶,因此可能由於大腦內γ氨基丁酸水平升高造成一些γ-氨基丁酸能的作用。但目前沒有證據可以說明普瑞巴林的作用是除了抑制含α2δ亞基的電壓依賴性鈣通道介導的。[12] [17] 因此,普瑞巴林對其的抑制作用似乎是它抗驚厥、鎮痛和抗焦慮效果的原因。[12][17]
在一項研究中發現,普瑞巴林對含α2δ亞基的電壓依賴性鈣通具有比加巴噴丁高6倍的親和力,[18][19]而在另一項研究中發現,普瑞巴林和加巴噴丁對人類重組α2δ1亞基具有差不多的親和力(Ki分別為32 nM和40 nM)。[20]在任何情況下,普瑞巴林作為鎮痛藥的效力是加巴噴丁的2~4倍,[9][21]在動物身上作為抗驚厥藥時的效力似乎是加巴噴丁的3~10倍。[9][21]
過量服用
[編輯]普瑞巴林藥物過量通常表現為嚴重昏睡、嚴重共濟失調、視力模糊、構音障礙、不可控的抽搐動作(肌陣攣)和焦慮[22] 。在一項案例研究報告聲稱,過量服用普瑞巴林導致了黃斑脫離[23]。儘管會出現這些症狀,過量服用普瑞巴林通常不會致命,除非與其他中樞抑制劑混合使用。幾名腎衰竭患者在服用普瑞巴林時出現肌陣攣,這顯然是由於藥物逐漸蓄積所致。急性過量可能表現為昏睡、心動過速和肌肉張力亢進。可以通過測量普瑞巴林的血漿、血清或血液藥物濃度,監測治療效果或確認住院患者藥物中毒的診斷[24][25][26] 。
2024年11月,中國禁毒報報道,普瑞巴林被一些青少年濫用,而長期服用或濫用普瑞巴林可能導致成癮。該報道被溫州禁毒網轉發[27]。
參考文獻
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- ^ Prescription medicines: registration of new generic medicines and biosimilar medicines, 2017. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 2022-06-21 [2024-03-30]. (原始內容存檔於2023-07-06).
- ^ Lyrica Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). (emc). 2023-02-27 [2023-12-21]. (原始內容存檔於2023-12-21).
- ^ Lyrica EPAR. European Medicines Agency (EMA). 2004-07-06 [2023-12-21]. (原始內容存檔於2023-12-21).
- ^ Summary of product characteristics (PDF). European Medicines Agency. 2013-03-06 [2013-05-06]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-09-16).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Pharmacotherapy Update - Pregabalin (Lyrica®):Part I. [2016-02-22]. (原始內容存檔於2017-02-27).
- ^ Frampton, JE. Pregabalin: a review of its use in adults with generalized anxiety disorder.. CNS Drugs. September 2014, 28 (9): 835–54. PMID 25149863. doi:10.1007/s40263-014-0192-0.
- ^ Pregabalin. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [2015-10-23]. (原始內容存檔於2020-08-09).
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Bryans JS, Wustrow DJ. 3-substituted GABA analogs with central nervous system activity: a review. Medicinal Research Reviews. March 1999, 19 (2): 149–177. PMID 10189176. S2CID 38496241. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1128(199903)19:2<149::AID-MED3>3.0.CO;2-B.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Calandre EP, Rico-Villademoros F, Slim M. Alpha2delta ligands, gabapentin, pregabalin and mirogabalin: a review of their clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. November 2016, 16 (11): 1263–1277. PMID 27345098. S2CID 33200190. doi:10.1080/14737175.2016.1202764.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Uchitel OD, Di Guilmi MN, Urbano FJ, Gonzalez-Inchauspe C. Acute modulation of calcium currents and synaptic transmission by gabapentinoids. Channels. 2010, 4 (6): 490–496. PMID 21150315. doi:10.4161/chan.4.6.12864
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- ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Sills GJ. The mechanisms of action of gabapentin and pregabalin. Current Opinion in Pharmacology. February 2006, 6 (1): 108–113. PMID 16376147. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2005.11.003.
- ^ Benzon HM, Rathmell JP, Wu CL, Turk DC, Argoff CE, Hurley RW. Practical Management of Pain. Elsevier Health Sciences. September 11, 2013: 1006. ISBN 978-0-323-17080-2.
- ^ Lin GQ, You QD, Cheng JF (編). Chiral Drugs: Chemistry and Biological Action. John Wiley & Sons. August 8, 2011: 88 [August 17, 2016]. ISBN 9781118075630. (原始內容存檔於April 25, 2022) –透過Google Books.
- ^ Li Z, Taylor CP, Weber M, Piechan J, Prior F, Bian F, et al. Pregabalin is a potent and selective ligand for α(2)δ-1 and α(2)δ-2 calcium channel subunits. European Journal of Pharmacology. September 2011, 667 (1–3): 80–90 [October 20, 2020]. PMID 21651903. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.054. (原始內容存檔於October 21, 2020).
- ^ Sze PY. L-Glutamate Decarboxylase. GABA—Biochemistry and CNS Functions. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 123. 1979: 59–78. ISBN 978-1-4899-5201-1. PMID 390996. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-5199-1_4.
- ^ 17.0 17.1 Stahl SM, Porreca F, Taylor CP, Cheung R, Thorpe AJ, Clair A. The diverse therapeutic actions of pregabalin: is a single mechanism responsible for several pharmacological activities?. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. June 2013, 34 (6): 332–339. PMID 23642658. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2013.04.001.
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- ^ Taylor CP, Angelotti T, Fauman E. Pharmacology and mechanism of action of pregabalin: the calcium channel alpha2-delta (alpha2-delta) subunit as a target for antiepileptic drug discovery. Epilepsy Research. February 2007, 73 (2): 137–150 [October 19, 2020]. PMID 17126531. S2CID 54254671. doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2006.09.008. (原始內容存檔於October 23, 2020).
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- ^ Tanyıldız B, Kandemir B, Mangan MS, Tangılntız A, Göktaş E, Şimşek S. Bilateral Serous Macular Detachment After Attempted Suicide with Pregabalin. Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology. 2018-10, 48 (5): 254–257. PMC 6216534
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- ^ Yoo L, Matalon D, Hoffman RS, Goldfarb DS. Treatment of pregabalin toxicity by hemodialysis in a patient with kidney failure (PDF). American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2009-12, 54 (6): 1127–1130 [October 19, 2020]. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.955.4223
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- ^ 禁毒科普丨普瑞巴林,危险的药物成瘾. 溫州禁毒網. 2024-11-28 [2025-04-12].