美式风土情怀

美式风土情怀（英语：Americana）事关美国的历史、地理、民俗和文化遗产，指的是所有与美国或美国人相关，或有这份特征的实体和事务，之总合。可代表甚至概括整个美国文化，及其刻板印象。^[1]

何谓美式风土情怀，而又有哪些不是，很大程度上取决于国家认同、历史背景、爱国主义和情怀。诸如“美国梦”之类的美国文化精神、信念、或理想，构成美国文化的核心。美式文化情怀所涵盖的不仅物质层面，还包括与美国文化普遍相关的人、事、时、地、物、和概念。

“Americana”一词兼指当代美国音乐中的一种流派，取乡村音乐、草根摇滚(roots rock)、美国民谣、蓝草音乐和蓝调等美国各式音乐风格元素融为一体，发出贴近基层的独特声音。^[2]^[3]

怀旧

在20世纪中后期，“美式风土情怀”在很大程度上是追怀美国小城镇处于世纪之交时的理想生活，约略是在1880年至第一次世界大战期间。^[4]一般认为，美国在20世纪的生活和文化的大架构形塑于该时该地。美国作家亨利‧赛德尔‧坎比(Henry Seidel Canby)写道：

小城小镇就是我们的传承，我们以之创出了二十世纪的美国。而这些社区曾有的风貌……我们亏欠了自己的子子孙孙。^[5]

有多种类型的风物符合了“美式风土情怀”的定义：相关文物不一定要古老，但多半要与美国经验中的若干精髓有所连结。美国历史上的各时期尽皆反映在当时的广告和行销中，而这些时期的各种古物、收藏、文物、和经典，正是美式风土情怀之典型。《大西洋月刊》将“美式风土情怀”一词描述为“俚语，用以形容一般古物店里宽慰人心的中产阶级文物——如针枕、内战时期的银版照片、和银雕组”。^[6]

对这段时期的怀古之情，出自于追怀出现在美国当时生活中令人生出自信的事物，如美国边疆终被“征服”，美国人口普查局因而于1890年宣布“闭关”；且又刚于美西战争获胜。^[4]到1912年，美国本土在政治上融合一致。视国家为均匀、坚实、一体化的理念，于焉成形。

正如坎比所言，

当时的美国人“真的就相信在7月4日的所见所闻，或在学校中读到的一切，将时间当成连续一致，把《独立宣言》、昭昭天命、新型管道系统、工厂体系发展、晨报、和教会社交活动什么的全都套进去。这些全都是一下子就出现，比其他什么地方都来得好，是自家的，还长长久久。……就这么有了想要的国家……他们相信这不会变，只会出更多的浴缸，和更快的火车……自有记忆以来，这还是第一次，众人对何谓当个美国人概无疑义。”^[5]

小说家堂·德里罗谈及身为义大利裔美国人的成长经历：

我的第一部小说就叫《美式风土情怀》并非偶然。这是一份个人的独立宣言，表明我打算用上美国的整体面貌，和整体文化。美国在过去和现在都是移民的梦想，而身为两名移民之子，我受拉来了我祖父母和父母的可能性所吸引。
——与堂·德里罗对话^[7]

这份理想时期的时代精神为迪士尼乐园和神奇王国的“美国小镇大街”园区所撷取。灵感来自华特·迪士尼的家乡密苏里州马瑟林和哈珀·戈夫(Harper Goff)幼时家乡科罗拉多州科林斯堡）^[8]，以及音乐剧和电影《欢乐音乐妙无穷》和桑顿·怀尔德的舞台剧《我们的小镇》^[4]。美式风土情怀中尤受推崇的是小镇商家，如理发店^[9]、药店、冷饮店和冰淇淋店^[10]。其中有些在20世纪中叶对那个时代的怀旧风潮中复活，如以1890年代为主题的法瑞尔冰淇淋连锁店(Farrell's Ice Cream Parlour)^[11]。

范例

文化象征

食物

音乐

宗教

服饰与时尚

品牌

参见

参考文献

^ Americana. Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
^ Shriver, Jerry. Grammys will be putting Americana on the map. USA Today. 31 August 2009.
^ 2011 Grammy Category Descriptions (PDF). [18 December 2012]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于3 January 2015）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Sears, Stephen. Hometown U.S.A.. New York: American Heritage. 1975: 6–9. ISBN 0-671-22079-9.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Canby, Henry Seidel. The Age of Confidence: Life in the Nineties. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. 1934. ASIN B000857UVO.
^ Giovanni Russonello. Why Is a Music Genre Called 'Americana' So Overwhelmingly White and Male?. The Atlantic. August 2013.
^ DeLillo, Don. Conversations with Don DeLillo. University Press of Mississippi. January 13, 2005: 88. ISBN 1578067049.
^ Local History Archive Larimer Legends – Old Town & Disneyland – City of Fort Collins, Colorado. Library.ci.fort-collins.co.us. [2013-12-19]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-25）.
^ Sears, Stephen. Hometown U.S.A.. New York: American Heritage. 1975: 12–13, 29. ISBN 0-671-22079-9.
^ Sears, Stephen. Hometown U.S.A.. New York: American Heritage. 1975: 12–13, 20. ISBN 0-671-22079-9.
^ Farrell's looks to restart growth Owner outlines expansion plans for iconic ice cream chain. Nation's Restaurant News. August 31, 2010 [4 June 2014].
^ ^12.0 ^12.1 What is Americana? (with pictures). United States Now. 28 August 2023.
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 ^13.3 Evans, Jon. Why "Baseball, Hot Dogs, Apple Pie And Chevrolet" Has Stood The Test Of Time. Advertising Weekly. Sep 21, 2021.
^ ^14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 ^14.3 ^14.4 ^14.5 ^14.6 ^14.7 Perelman, Britton. How to Capture "Americana" in Photography. Passion Passport. August 27, 2020.
^ ^15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 Lineberry, Cate. The Story Behind the Star Spangled Banner. Smithsonian Magazine. March 1, 2007.
^ Mount Rushmore Sculptor Gutzon Borglum Carved American History. Artistic Fuel. 17 February 2020.
^ Sides, Hampton. Americana: Dispatches from the New Frontier. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 2007. ISBN 978-1400033553.
^ ^18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 Stoutland, Frederick A. Landscapes of Christianity. FAS Publishing. 2006: 361. ISBN 9780977234103 （English）.
^ Xiong, Nzong. White picket fences appease homeowners. TuscaloosaNews.com. McClatchy-Tribune News Service. 2008-03-03. （原始内容存档于2015-09-02）. Americana aside, people like white picket fences for a couple of practical reasons.
^ Warnes, Andrew. Savage barbecue : race, culture, and the invention of America's first food. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press. 2008. ISBN 9780820328966.
^ O'Leary, Joanna. The Jewish history of Bazooka bubble gum. www.timesofisrael.com.
^ ^22.0 ^22.1 Page, David. Food Americana : the remarkable people and incredible stories behind America's favorite dishes. Coral Gables, FL. 2021. ISBN 9781642505863.
^ Behold the burger: Americana on a bun – DGO Magazine.
^ McCarthy, Amy. How Theme Parks Use Fried Chicken to Sell the American Dream. Eater. 29 June 2022 （英语）.
^ Milkshakes: pure Americana and a Hong Kong burger's best friend. South China Morning Post. 20 May 2015 （英语）.
^ ^26.0 ^26.1 Graham, David A. Without Jazz and Blues, There's No 'Americana'. The Atlantic. 17 May 2016 （英语）.
^ ^27.0 ^27.1 ^27.2 ^27.3 ^27.4 The Americana Essentials That Will Literally Never Go Out of Style | Complex. Complex Networks.
^ Melvin, Don. COCA-COLA A SIP OF AMERICANA THINGS HAVE BEEN GOING BETTER WITH COKE SINCE 1886.. Sun-Sentinel.com. 7 October 1990.
^ ^29.0 ^29.1 Day, Sherri; Elliott, Stuart. THE MEDIA BUSINESS: ADVERTISING; Coca-Cola goes back to its 'Real' past in an effort to find some new fizz for its Classic brand. - The New York Times. The New York Times. 10 January 2003.

进阶读物

Shaw, Robert. Americana Insights 2023. University of Pennsylvania Press. 2023. ISBN 979-8-9885331-0-8 （英语）.

外部链接

Merriam-Webster definition of "Americana"

[1] Americana. Merriam-Webster Dictionary.

[USA_Today-2] Shriver, Jerry. Grammys will be putting Americana on the map. USA Today. 31 August 2009.

[Grammy-3] 2011 Grammy Category Descriptions (PDF). [18 December 2012]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于3 January 2015）.

[Sears_1-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Sears, Stephen. Hometown U.S.A.. New York: American Heritage. 1975: 6–9. ISBN 0-671-22079-9.

[Canby-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Canby, Henry Seidel. The Age of Confidence: Life in the Nineties. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. 1934. ASIN B000857UVO.

[6] Giovanni Russonello. Why Is a Music Genre Called 'Americana' So Overwhelmingly White and Male?. The Atlantic. August 2013.

[Conversations_with_Don_DeLillo-7] DeLillo, Don. Conversations with Don DeLillo. University Press of Mississippi. January 13, 2005: 88. ISBN 1578067049.

[fort-collins.co.us-8] Local History Archive Larimer Legends – Old Town & Disneyland – City of Fort Collins, Colorado. Library.ci.fort-collins.co.us. [2013-12-19]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-25）.

[Sears_2-9] Sears, Stephen. Hometown U.S.A.. New York: American Heritage. 1975: 12–13, 29. ISBN 0-671-22079-9.

[Sears_3-10] Sears, Stephen. Hometown U.S.A.. New York: American Heritage. 1975: 12–13, 20. ISBN 0-671-22079-9.

[franchise-11] Farrell's looks to restart growth Owner outlines expansion plans for iconic ice cream chain. Nation's Restaurant News. August 31, 2010 [4 June 2014].

[christensen-12] 12.0 ^12.1 What is Americana? (with pictures). United States Now. 28 August 2023.

[evans-13] 13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 ^13.3 Evans, Jon. Why "Baseball, Hot Dogs, Apple Pie And Chevrolet" Has Stood The Test Of Time. Advertising Weekly. Sep 21, 2021.

[americana-14] 14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 ^14.3 ^14.4 ^14.5 ^14.6 ^14.7 Perelman, Britton. How to Capture "Americana" in Photography. Passion Passport. August 27, 2020.

[Smithsonian-15] 15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 Lineberry, Cate. The Story Behind the Star Spangled Banner. Smithsonian Magazine. March 1, 2007.

[16] Mount Rushmore Sculptor Gutzon Borglum Carved American History. Artistic Fuel. 17 February 2020.

[Americana:_Dispatches_from_the_New_Frontier-17] Sides, Hampton. Americana: Dispatches from the New Frontier. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 2007. ISBN 978-1400033553.

[Stoutland2006-18] 18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 Stoutland, Frederick A. Landscapes of Christianity. FAS Publishing. 2006: 361. ISBN 9780977234103 （English）.

[19] Xiong, Nzong. White picket fences appease homeowners. TuscaloosaNews.com. McClatchy-Tribune News Service. 2008-03-03. （原始内容存档于2015-09-02）. Americana aside, people like white picket fences for a couple of practical reasons.

[20] Warnes, Andrew. Savage barbecue : race, culture, and the invention of America's first food. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press. 2008. ISBN 9780820328966.

[21] O'Leary, Joanna. The Jewish history of Bazooka bubble gum. www.timesofisrael.com.

[page-22] 22.0 ^22.1 Page, David. Food Americana : the remarkable people and incredible stories behind America's favorite dishes. Coral Gables, FL. 2021. ISBN 9781642505863.

[23] Behold the burger: Americana on a bun – DGO Magazine.

[24] McCarthy, Amy. How Theme Parks Use Fried Chicken to Sell the American Dream. Eater. 29 June 2022 （英语）.

[25] Milkshakes: pure Americana and a Hong Kong burger's best friend. South China Morning Post. 20 May 2015 （英语）.

[graham-26] 26.0 ^26.1 Graham, David A. Without Jazz and Blues, There's No 'Americana'. The Atlantic. 17 May 2016 （英语）.

[Babcock-27] 27.0 ^27.1 ^27.2 ^27.3 ^27.4 The Americana Essentials That Will Literally Never Go Out of Style | Complex. Complex Networks.

[28] Melvin, Don. COCA-COLA A SIP OF AMERICANA THINGS HAVE BEEN GOING BETTER WITH COKE SINCE 1886.. Sun-Sentinel.com. 7 October 1990.

[Day-29] 29.0 ^29.1 Day, Sherri; Elliott, Stuart. THE MEDIA BUSINESS: ADVERTISING; Coca-Cola goes back to its 'Real' past in an effort to find some new fizz for its Classic brand. - The New York Times. The New York Times. 10 January 2003.

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