感知并回应

感知并回应（Sense and respond）在控制理论中已使用了数十年之久，主要是在闭回路系统中，会比较量测到的数值及理想值之间的差距，并且调整系统使两者的差异越小越好。感知为控制系统中的感测器及回授回路，回应则对应控制器。

自1980年代初期，感知并回应也用来描述一些开回路系统。

“感知并回应”是在1992年时开始用在商业概念上，最早是出现在美国管理协会的《Management Review》期刊中，一篇由Stephan H. Haeckel所写的文章中。这是Haeckel在IBM的Advanced Business Institute所发展出来的。

感知并回应是以精益原则为基础，依循以下的URSLIMM原则：

• U（understand customer value）：了解顾客价值
• R（remove waste）：减少浪费
• S（standardize）：标准化
• L（learn by doing）：实作中学习
• I（involve everyone）：全员参与
• M（measure what matters）：量测重要的事物
• M（manage performance visually）：可视化的管理绩效

参考文献

• 2010 “The Post-Industrial Manager,” Marketing Management Magazine, Fall, 2010, pp 24–32.
• 2003 “Leading On Demand Businesses – Executives as Architects,” IBM Systems Journal, Vol 42, No 3, 2003, pp 405–413
• 2003 “Making Meaning Out of Apparent Noise,” in Long Range Planning, April, 2004, Special Issue of articles from May 4, 2003 Wharton Conference “Peripheral Vision: Sensing and Acting on Weak Signals,” Vol 37/2 pp 181–189
• 2000 “Managing Knowledge in Adaptive Enterprises,” Chapter in Knowledge Horizons: The Present and the Promise of Knowledge Management, edited by C. Despres and D. Chauvel, Butterworth-Heinemann
• 1999 Adaptive Enterprise: Creating and Leading Sense-and-Respond Organizations, Harvard Business School Press
• 1993 “Managing By Wire,” Harvard Business Review: Vol. 71, No. 5, September–October (with R.L. Nolan)
• 1992 “From ‘Make and Sell’ to ‘Sense and Respond,’” Management Review, American Management Association, October