千碼凝視
外观



千码凝视(英語:thousand-yard stare),又稱两千码凝视(英語:two-thousand-yard stare),是受急性压力或创伤事件的人,在经历解離狀態後表現出茫然而失焦的眼神。最初,該英文短语是用来描述战斗员與創傷後壓力症的樣子,但现在也用来指在任何压力情况下的人、或某些精神健康疾病患者,所表现出的茫然目光。 [1]千码凝视通常与彈震症、戰鬥壓力反應、或其他创伤相关的心理問題有关。 [1][2][3]
起源
[编辑]在英文中,「千碼凝視」(thousand-yard stare)的短語源於1945年,美國《生活》雜誌刊登了二战艺术家兼记者汤姆·李的《海军陆战队称其为兩千码凝视》(英語:Marines Call It That 2,000 Yard Stare)。但文章并没有提及作品名稱。這個作品现藏于华盛顿特区莱斯利·J·麦克奈尔堡的美國陸軍軍事歷史中心。[4]該作描繪一位1944年經歷過貝里琉戰役的無名美國海军陆战队员。李先生針對作品主角──也就是那位無名美國海军陆战队员──说道:
那位隊員在31個月前離開美國。他在首次行動中負傷、之後又感染熱帶疾病;白天要把小日本們從洞裡挖出來,晚上又得半睡半醒;而他三分之二的戰友陣亡或負傷,今晨又將發動攻擊。試問人類究竟能承受幾多?[note 1][5]
2002年担任卡罗来纳海军陆战队博物馆馆长乔·霍尔(Joe Houle)在回忆自己以下士身份於1965年參與越南战争時,说道自己看到新隊員眼中,没有一丝感情,「眼神彷彿生命被吸走一般」。他后来得知这個状态被稱為「千码凝视」後接著說道:「在我失去第一位朋友后,我感覺最好要在情感上保持距離。」 [6]
参见
[编辑]註解
[编辑]- ^ He left the States 31 months ago. He was wounded in his first campaign. He has had tropical diseases. He half-sleeps at night and gouges Japs out of holes all day. Two-thirds of his company has been killed or wounded. He will return to attack this morning. How much can a human being endure?
参考資料
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Peleliu as a paradigm for PTSD: The two thousand yard stare - Hektoen International. hekint.org. [2024-01-22] (美国英语).
- ^ Mills, M. Anthony; Mills, Mark P. The Invention of the War Machine. The New Atlantis. 2014, (42): 3–23. ISSN 1543-1215. JSTOR 43152788.
- ^ Kudler, Harold. Combat Stress and Related Disorders. Principles and Practice of Hospital Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education. 2017.
- ^ Jones, James, Tom Lea (illustration), (1975). - "Two-Thousand-Yard Stare" 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2006-11-09.. - WW II. - (c/o Military History Network). - Grosset and Dunlap. - pp.113,116. - ISBN 0-448-11896-3
- ^ LaRocque, Gene. War Through the Eyes of Artists. America's Defense Monitor, Program Number 438. Center for Defense Information. 1991 [2006-10-27]. (原始内容 (Transcript of televised broadcast)存档于2006-10-26).
- ^ Stone, Sgt. Arthur L. Retired Sgt. Maj. Joe Houle recounts Vietnam tour. Marine Corps News. 2002-05-02 [2015-07-07]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-07).