癌前病變
癌前病變是指癌症出現前的一系列徵兆，例如突然出現了異常細胞、[1][2][3]大腸息肉（可能發展成大腸癌） [4]以及宮頸上皮內瘤樣病變（可能發展成子宮頸癌）。 [5]在許多情況下，當出現癌前病變時患者沒有任何症狀。 [6]大多數情況下，出現癌前病變的概率以及與其相關的風險因子與個人罹患癌症的概率以及與其相關的風險因子一致。[7]
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. National Cancer Institute. 2011-02-02 [2018-03-28] （英語）.
- ^ Precancerous conditions of the colon or rectum. Canadian cancer society. [2018-03-19].
- ^ Precancerous conditions of the esophagus. Canadian cancer society. [2018-03-19].
- ^ Korde N, Kristinsson SY, Landgren O. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM): novel biological insights and development of early treatment strategies. Blood. May 2011, 117 (21): 5573–5581. PMC 3316455
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- ^ Precancerous conditions of the cervix. Canadian cancer society. [2018-03-19].
- ^ Yardimci G, Kutlubay Z, Engin B, Tuzun Y. Precancerous lesions of oral mucosa. World Journal of Clinical Cases. December 2014, 2 (12): 866–872. PMC 4266835 . PMID 25516862. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v2.i12.866 .
- ^ Roberts JR, Siekas LL, Kaz AM. Anal intraepithelial neoplasia: A review of diagnosis and management. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology. February 2017, 9 (2): 50–61. PMC 5314201 . PMID 28255426. doi:10.4251/wjgo.v9.i2.50 .
