生殖道黴漿菌

生殖道黴漿菌
	生殖道黴漿菌的3D全細胞模型。注意，此模型不包括末端附著細胞器。
科學分類
域：	細菌域 Bacteria
門：	厚壁菌門 Bacillota
綱：	柔膜菌綱 Mollicutes
目：	支原體目 Mycoplasmatales
科：	支原體科 Mycoplasmataceae
屬：	支原體屬 Mycoplasma
種：	生殖道黴漿菌 M. genitalium
二名法
	Mycoplasma genitalium;
異名
	Mycoplasma genitalium

生殖道黴漿菌（英語：Mycoplasma genitalium，縮寫：MG或Mgen）是泌尿道和生殖道的性傳染病病原體^[3]^[4]。通常沒有任何症狀；若有症狀，可能包括尿道炎（排尿時會灼燒感、分泌物、腹股溝淋巴結腫大）、宮頸炎（異味、分泌物）或骨盆腔發炎^[3]。併發症包括可能不孕、宮外孕和早產^[3]。患者感染人類免疫缺陷病毒的風險也較高^[3]。

此病透過與感染者陰道性交或肛交傳播^[5]。病原體是一種大小只有 0.58 Mbp、內含475個基因的極小細菌^[6]。危險因子包括性伴侶數量較多^[3]。建議對那些症狀持續且排除其他病因的患者進行檢測^[3]。不建議對無症狀者進行篩檢^[3]。檢體以聚合酶鏈式反應檢測後確認診斷，檢體的來源包括女性陰道或男性尿道的拭子採檢，或是男性的尿液樣本^[3]。它通常不會造成口腔症狀^[3]。

生殖道黴漿菌的抗生素抗藥性很常見，尤其是阿奇黴素，莫西沙星的抗藥性較少見^[3]。標準治療是每日兩次服用 100 毫克的多西環素，連續服用 7 天，再服用阿奇黴素 4 天或莫西沙星 7 天，依耐藥性測試決定^[3]。也可同時為性伴侶檢測和治療^[3] ^[7]。若在孕期診斷阿奇黴素抗藥性的生殖道黴漿菌感染，治療可改用普那黴素（英語：Pristinamycin）或將治療延到生產之後^[3]。

在高收入國家，生殖道黴漿菌感染在育齡人口的盛行率約為1.3％，開發中國家約為3.9％^[3]。男性和女性的比率相當^[3]。女性性工作者和受教育程度較低者的盛行率較高^[3]。此細菌在1980年首次被分離， ^[8]並於 1983 年被鑑定為支原體屬的一個新種^[1]。

參見

最小的生物體（英語：Smallest organisms）

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Tully, J. G.; Taylor-Robinson, D.; Rose, D. L.; Cole, R. M.; Bove, J. M. Mycoplasma genitalium, a New Species from the Human Urogenital Tract. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 1983, 33 (2): 387–396 [10 June 2022]. doi:10.1099/00207713-33-2-387 . （原始內容存檔於12 August 2014）.
^ Gupta, Radhey S.; Sawnani, Sahil; Adeolu, Mobolaji; Alnajar, Seema; Oren, Aharon. Phylogenetic framework for the phylum Tenericutes based on genome sequence data: proposal for the creation of a new order Mycoplasmoidales ord. nov., containing two new families Mycoplasmoidaceae fam. nov. and Metamycoplasmataceae fam. nov. harbouring Eperythrozoon, Ureaplasma and five novel genera. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 2018-09-01, 111 (9): 1583–1630. ISSN 1572-9699. PMID 29556819. S2CID 254226604. doi:10.1007/s10482-018-1047-3 （英語）.
^ ^3.00 ^3.01 ^3.02 ^3.03 ^3.04 ^3.05 ^3.06 ^3.07 ^3.08 ^3.09 ^3.10 ^3.11 ^3.12 ^3.13 ^3.14 ^3.15 Wood, GE; Bradshaw, CS; Manhart, LE. Update in Epidemiology and Management of Mycoplasma genitalium Infections.. Infectious disease clinics of North America. June 2023, 37 (2): 311-333. PMID 37105645. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2023.02.009.
^ Workowski K. A., Bolan G. A. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm. Rep. 2015, 64 (RR-03): 1–137. PMC 5885289 . PMID 26042815.
^ About Mycoplasma genitalium. Mycoplasma genitalium (Mgen). 21 May 2024 [17 November 2024]. （原始內容存檔於7 November 2024）（美國英語）.
^ Fraser, C. M.; Gocayne, J. D.; White, O.; Adams, M. D.; Clayton, R. A.; Fleischmann, R. D.; Bult, C. J.; Kerlavage, A. R.; Sutton, G.; Kelley, J. M.; Fritchman, J. L. The Minimal Gene Complement of Mycoplasma genitalium. Science. 1995, 270 (5235): 397–404. Bibcode:1995Sci...270..397F. PMID 7569993. S2CID 29825758. doi:10.1126/science.270.5235.397.
^ Mycoplasma genitalium - STI Treatment Guidelines. www.cdc.gov. [17 November 2024]. （原始內容存檔於4 October 2024）.
^ De Carvalho, NS; Palú, G; Witkin, SS. Mycoplasma genitalium, a stealth female reproductive tract.. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology. February 2020, 39 (2): 229-234. PMID 31522281. doi:10.1007/s10096-019-03707-8.

外部連結

[Tully1983-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Tully, J. G.; Taylor-Robinson, D.; Rose, D. L.; Cole, R. M.; Bove, J. M. Mycoplasma genitalium, a New Species from the Human Urogenital Tract. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 1983, 33 (2): 387–396 [10 June 2022]. doi:10.1099/00207713-33-2-387 . （原始內容存檔於12 August 2014）.

[:5-2] Gupta, Radhey S.; Sawnani, Sahil; Adeolu, Mobolaji; Alnajar, Seema; Oren, Aharon. Phylogenetic framework for the phylum Tenericutes based on genome sequence data: proposal for the creation of a new order Mycoplasmoidales ord. nov., containing two new families Mycoplasmoidaceae fam. nov. and Metamycoplasmataceae fam. nov. harbouring Eperythrozoon, Ureaplasma and five novel genera. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 2018-09-01, 111 (9): 1583–1630. ISSN 1572-9699. PMID 29556819. S2CID 254226604. doi:10.1007/s10482-018-1047-3 （英語）.

[IDSA2023-3] 3.00 ^3.01 ^3.02 ^3.03 ^3.04 ^3.05 ^3.06 ^3.07 ^3.08 ^3.09 ^3.10 ^3.11 ^3.12 ^3.13 ^3.14 ^3.15 Wood, GE; Bradshaw, CS; Manhart, LE. Update in Epidemiology and Management of Mycoplasma genitalium Infections.. Infectious disease clinics of North America. June 2023, 37 (2): 311-333. PMID 37105645. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2023.02.009.

[4] Workowski K. A., Bolan G. A. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm. Rep. 2015, 64 (RR-03): 1–137. PMC 5885289 . PMID 26042815.

[CDC2023-5] About Mycoplasma genitalium. Mycoplasma genitalium (Mgen). 21 May 2024 [17 November 2024]. （原始內容存檔於7 November 2024）（美國英語）.

[Fra1995-6] Fraser, C. M.; Gocayne, J. D.; White, O.; Adams, M. D.; Clayton, R. A.; Fleischmann, R. D.; Bult, C. J.; Kerlavage, A. R.; Sutton, G.; Kelley, J. M.; Fritchman, J. L. The Minimal Gene Complement of Mycoplasma genitalium. Science. 1995, 270 (5235): 397–404. Bibcode:1995Sci...270..397F. PMID 7569993. S2CID 29825758. doi:10.1126/science.270.5235.397.

[CDC2021-7] Mycoplasma genitalium - STI Treatment Guidelines. www.cdc.gov. [17 November 2024]. （原始內容存檔於4 October 2024）.

[De2020-8] De Carvalho, NS; Palú, G; Witkin, SS. Mycoplasma genitalium, a stealth female reproductive tract.. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology. February 2020, 39 (2): 229-234. PMID 31522281. doi:10.1007/s10096-019-03707-8.

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