洋基歌

洋基歌 "Yankee Doodle" | |
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![]() 油畫《七六年之精神》,又名《洋基傻小子》 | |
歌曲 | |
語言 | 英語 |
出版 | 1780年代 |
《洋基歌》(Yankee Doodle),全稱《洋基傻子歌》,又音譯作《洋基都德歌》,是一首美國傳統歌曲,其起源可追溯至美國七年戰爭時期。今天這首歌在美國通常被當作愛國歌曲,它同時還是康乃狄克州的州歌[1]。
這首歌的真正源頭仍不清楚[2]。常見的說法認為這首歌是在美國獨立戰爭以前英軍用以嘲笑殖民地居民粗俗的衣著和舉止的,而「洋基」(Yankee)一詞是對參加法印戰爭的新英格蘭人的輕蔑之詞,後指代美國英格蘭地區的人,甚至是全體美國人,Doodle這裡的意思是「傻子」,也是英軍對殖民地居民的嘲諷。這首歌的曲調很可能來自與兒歌《露茜的錢袋》(Lucy Locket),其中一個版本的歌詞可能來自於一名英國外科醫生理察·沙克伯勒(Richard Shuckburgh)[3]。雖然這首歌的歌詞帶有貶義,然而獨立戰爭期間美軍卻採用《洋基歌》作爲他們自己的歌以反諷敵軍,表明他們對自己樸素的家紡衣著和毫不矯揉造作的舉止感到自豪。洋基歌的歌詞有許多不同版本。多年來,這首歌在美國一直被當作非正式的國歌,也是最受歡迎的兒歌。在各類電影,電視和動畫片中時常能聽見這首歌曲。

歌詞
[編輯]今天洋基歌最常見版本的第一段歌詞如下:
(英文原詞) | (中文意譯) |
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:Yankee Doodle went to town, :A-Riding on a pony; :He stuck a feather in his cap, :And called it macaroni. |
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Doodle這個詞最早出現在17世紀初[4],可能源於低地德語的dudel或dödel,意思是「蠢人」或「傻瓜」。而macaroni(「通心粉」)指的是一種流行於1770年代的假髮,在同時期也成了對趕時髦人士的蔑稱[5]。第一段歌詞可能暗示著美國人(洋基佬)沒見過世面,以為在頭上插根羽毛就算時尚了[6]。
早期版本
[編輯]最早版本的歌詞大約形成在1755年或1758年,具體時間還存有爭議[7]:
(英文原詞) | (中文意譯) |
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:Brother Ephraim sold his Cow :And bought him a Commission; :And then he went to Canada :To fight for the Nation; :But when Ephraim he came home :He proved an arrant Coward, :He wouldn't fight the Frenchmen there :For fear of being devour'd. |
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其中的埃夫萊姆影射的是戰死於喬治湖戰役的麻薩諸塞州陸軍上校埃夫萊姆·威廉士(Ephraim Williams)。
英國人經常與某個版本的歌詞聯繫上,此版本歌詞與一個名為托馬斯·迪特森的麻薩諸塞州比勒瑞卡鎮人有關。迪特森在1775年3月在波士頓因為試圖購買滑膛槍而被英國人塗柏油、粘羽毛:
(英文原詞) | (中文意譯) |
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:Yankee Doodle came to town, :For to buy a firelock, :We will tar and feather him, :And so we will John Hancock. |
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也正因為這首歌,比勒瑞卡鎮宣稱它是洋基歌中傻小子的「故鄉」[8][9],同時認為正是從此開始,美國人把這首本來是用以嘲笑他們的歌拿來嘲笑英國人。在列克星敦和康科德戰役之後,一家波士頓報紙作了如下報導: 「在被民兵趕回波士頓以後,一個英國人問他的軍官兄弟對這首歌有什麼看法,——『去他的,』他回答道,『他們逼著我們就著這歌跳舞,直到跳不動了為止。』——從那以後他們就不再喜歡這首歌了。」
邦克山戰役之後,英國人又作了一組歌詞:
(英文原詞) | (中文意譯) |
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:The seventeen of June, at Break of Day, :The Rebels they supriz'd us, :With their strong Works, which they'd thrown up, :To burn the Town and drive us. |
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1788年2月6日,麻薩諸塞州議會在布拉特爾街禮拜堂以186票對168票通過了美國憲法。為了表示慶祝,一個新版本的歌詞又開始傳唱[10],以下是歌詞節選:
(英文原詞) | (中文意譯) |
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:The 'vention did in Boston meet, :The State House could not hold 'em :So then they went to Fed'ral Street, :And there the truth was told 'em... :And ev'ry morning went to prayer, :And then began disputing, :Till oppositions silenced were, :By arguments refuting. :Now politicians of all kinds, :Who are not yet decided, :May see how Yankees speak their minds, :And yet are not divided. :So here I end my Fed'ral song, :Composed of thirteen verses; :May agriculture flourish long :And commerce fill our purses! |
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完整版本
[編輯]今天大家熟知的完整版本歌詞如下[11]:
:Yankee Doodle went to town :A-riding on a pony, :Stuck a feather in his cap :And called it macaroni'.
:Chorus: :Yankee Doodle keep it up, :Yankee Doodle dandy, :Mind the music and the step, :And with the girls be handy.
:Fath'r and I went down to camp, :Along with Captain Gooding, :And there we saw the men and boys :As thick as hasty puddin'.
:Chorus
:And there we saw a thousand men :As rich as Squire David, :And what they wasted every day, :I wish it could be saved.
:Chorus
:The 'lasses they eat it every day, :Would keep a house a winter; :They have so much, that I'll be bound, :They eat it when they've mind ter.
:Chorus
:And there I see a swamping gun :Large as a log of maple, :Upon a deuced little cart, :A load for father's cattle.
:Chorus
:And every time they shoot it off, :It takes a horn of powder, :and makes a noise like father's gun, :Only a nation louder.
:Chorus
:I went as nigh to one myself :As 'Siah's inderpinning; :And father went as nigh again, :I thought the deuce was in him.
:Chorus
:Cousin Simon grew so bold, :I thought he would have cocked it; :It scared me so I shrinked it off :And hung by father's pocket.
:Chorus
:And Cap'n Davis had a gun, :He kind of clapt his hand on't :And stuck a crooked stabbing iron :Upon the little end on't
:Chorus
:And there I see a pumpkin shell :As big as mother's bason, :And every time they touched it off :They scampered like the nation.
:Chorus
:I see a little barrel too, :The heads were made of leather; :They knocked on it with little clubs :And called the folks together.
:Chorus
:And there was Cap'n Washington, :And gentle folks about him; :They say he's grown so 'tarnal proud :He will not ride without em'.
:Chorus
:He got him on his meeting clothes, :Upon a slapping stallion; :He sat the world along in rows, :In hundreds and in millions.
:Chorus
:The flaming ribbons in his hat, :They looked so tearing fine, ah, :I wanted dreadfully to get :To give to my Jemima.
:Chorus
:I see another snarl of men :A digging graves they told me, :So 'tarnal long, so 'tarnal deep, :They 'tended they should hold me.
:Chorus
:It scared me so, I hooked it off, :Nor stopped, as I remember, :Nor turned about till I got home, :Locked up in mother's chamber.
:Chorus
變奏與戲仿版本
[編輯]洋基歌擁有許多變奏與戲仿版本,包括以下這個今天最常見的版本[12]:
(英文原詞) | (中文意譯) |
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:Yankee Doodle went to town :A-riding on a pony :He stuck a feather in his hat :And called it macaroni :Yankee Doodle, keep it up :Yankee Doodle dandy :Mind the music and the step :and with the girls be handy! :Father and I went down to camp :Along with Captain Gooding :And there we saw the men and boys :As thick as hasty pudding. :Chorus :And there was Captain Washington :Upon a slapping stallion :A-givin' orders to his men :I guess there was a million. :Chorus |
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文化影響
[編輯]- 台灣歌手柳翰雅的《剉冰進行曲》,其主旋律即是來自《洋基歌》。
- 美國之音的廣播節目總以《洋基歌》開頭和結束[13]。
- 詹姆斯·卡格尼主演的1942年電影《勝利之歌》主題曲即是《洋基歌》。
- 日本歌曲《阿爾卑斯一萬尺》的旋律即來自《洋基歌》。
- 美國兒童節目《巴尼與朋友》主題曲《巴尼是一隻恐龍》旋律來自《洋基歌》,並進行填詞改編。
- 小紅書和龍牡壯骨顆粒於2019年推出的電視廣告,其背景音樂均以《洋基歌》為旋律進行了填詞改編。
- 貓和老鼠中有一部短片《洋基傻子鼠》(Yankee Doodle Mouse),即和此歌形成一個雙關。
- 香港詞曲作家盧永亨填詞的《神創造世界》旋律改編自《洋基歌》。
- 華語兒歌《農夫》。
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ STATE OF CONNECTICUT, Sites º Seals º Symbols (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館); Connecticut State Register & Manual; retrieved on May 23, 2008
- ^ Sonneck, Oscar George Theodore. Report on The Star-spangled Banner, Hail Columbia, America, Yankee Doodle. New York, Dover Publications [1972]. 1972. ISBN 0-486-22237-3.
- ^ A. Lomax, John; Lomax, Alan. American ballads and folk songs. New York: Dover. 1994: 521 [2010-04-12]. ISBN 978-0-486-28276-3. (原始內容存檔於2014-07-07).
- ^ "doodle", n, Oxford English Dictionary. Accessed April 29th, 2009.
- ^ J. Woodforde, The Strange Story of False Hair (London: Taylor & Francis, 1971), p. 40.
- ^ R. Ross, Clothing: a global history : or, The Imperialists' new clothes (Polity, 2008), p. 51.
- ^ Carola, Chris. Wish "Yankee Doodle" a happy 250th birthday. Maybe.. Associated Press. 2008-07-05 [2009-09-10]. (原始內容存檔於2011-06-29).
- ^ The Billerica Colonial Minute Men (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館); The Thomas Ditson story; retrieved on July 10, 2008
- ^ 存档副本. [2009-06-26]. (原始內容存檔於2009-06-26).; Town History and Genealogy; retrieved on October 20, 2008
- ^ [1] (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館); Philadelphia Commentaries on the Boston Procession
- ^ Gen. George P. Morris - "Original Yankee Words", The Patriotic Anthology, Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc. publishers, 1941. Introduction by Carl Van Doren. Literary Guild of America, Inc., New York N.Y.
- ^ 19 April 2008. Yankee Doodle (Lyrics). YouTube. 2008-04-19 [2009-09-10]. (原始內容存檔於2020-12-20).
- ^ Berg, Jerome S. On the Short Waves, 1923-1945: Broadcast Listening in the Pioneer Days of Radio. 1999, McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-0506-0, page 104