C++23
外觀

C++23,正式名稱ISO/IEC 14882:2024[1],是繼C++20之後的C++程式語言開放標準。2020年2月,在布拉格舉行的C++20最終會議上,通過了C++23的總體計劃。[2][3]第一次針對C++23的WG21會議原定於2020年6月在瓦爾納舉行,但由於2019冠狀病毒病疫情而被迫取消。[4][5]原定於2020年11月在紐約召開的會議也被取消。[6] 該標準於2023年2月由WG21在伊瑟闊舉行的混合會議上從技術上最終確定。[7]
新的「Hello, world」範例
[編輯]C++23引入了一些新功能,新的Hello, world程式範例如下:
#include <print>
int main()
{
std::println("Hello, world!");
}
特性
[編輯]被接受納入 C++23 的變更包括:
語言特性
[編輯]- 顯式
this
對象參數[8] if consteval
[9]- 多維下標運算子[10]
- 靜態呼叫運算子、靜態下標運算子和靜態 lambda[11][12]
- 簡化隱式移動(implicit move)[13]
auto(x)
與auto{x}
初始化[14]- 新的預處理指令:
- 在基於範圍的 for 循環中延長某些臨時對象的生命周期[17]
- 新的標準屬性
[[assume(expression)]]
[18] - 繼承建構函式的類別模板參數推導[19]
- 複合陳述式(compound statement)末尾的標籤(label)[20]
- 初始化陳述式(init-statement)中允許別名聲明(alias declaration)[21]
- 為
std::size_t
及其對應有符號類型添加字面量字尾[22] - 擴充浮點類型及其字面量(有條件支援)[23]
- 允許可選省略零參數 lambda 表達式中的
()
[24] - Lambda 表達式上的屬性支援[25]
constexpr
相關改動:- 將
static_assert
和if constexpr
中的上下文收窄轉換(contextual conversion)收窄到bool
[29] - 在行拼接(line splicing)之前修剪空白字元[30]
- 強制聲明順序決定主記憶體佈局[31]
- 分隔的跳脫序列(delimited escape sequences)[32]
- 命名的通用字元跳脫(named universal character escapes)[33]
- 文字編碼相關變化:
標準庫
[編輯]標準庫模組支援
[編輯]協程庫支援
[編輯]- 用於範圍的同步協程
std::generator
[38]
通用工具支援
[編輯]- 結果類型
std::expected
[39] - 為
std::optional
[40] 和std::expected
[41] 添加單子操作 - 用於取得列舉底層值的工具函數
std::to_underlying
[42] - 僅抽取式的可呼叫包裝器
std::move_only_function
[43] std::forward_like
[44]std::invoke_r
[45]std::bind_back
[46]std::byteswap
[47]std::unreachable
:標記不可達代碼的函數[48]- 使
std::tuple
與其他「類似元組」的對象相容[49] - 為
std::reference_wrapper
提供std::basic_common_reference
特化以生成參照類型[50] - 為
std::pair
的轉發建構函式添加預設參數[51]
編譯時支援
[編輯]- 對以下內容添加
constexpr
支援: - 元程式設計工具:
- 為比較概念添加僅抽取式類型支援[60]
註釋
[編輯]- ^ ISO/IEC 14882:2024 Programming languages — C++. iso.org.
- ^ 2020 Prague Meeting Invitation and Information (PDF). [2020-09-08]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-12-29).
- ^ Author, Not Given. To boldly suggest an overall plan for C++23. www.open-std.org. 1968-01-01 [2020-09-08]. (原始內容存檔於2020-05-23).
- ^ P2145R0: Evolving C++ Remotely. www.open-std.org. [2020-09-08]. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-01).
- ^ Business Plan and Convener's Report: ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG21 (C++) (PDF). [2020-09-08]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2021-10-23).
- ^ Upcoming Meetings, Past Meetings : Standard C++. isocpp.org. [2020-09-08]. (原始內容存檔於2020-09-07).
- ^ C++23 "Pandemic Edition" is complete (Trip report: Winter ISO C++ standards meeting, Issaquah, WA, USA). herbsutter.com. 13 February 2023.
- ^ Gašper Ažman; Sy Brand; Ben Deane; Barry Revzin. Deducing this. 2021-07-12.
- ^ Barry Revzin; Richard Smith; Andrew Sutton; Daveed Vandevoorde. if consteval. 2021-03-22.
- ^ Mark Hoemmen; Daisy Hollman; Corentin Jabot; Isabella Muerte; Christian Trott. Multidimensional subscript operator (PDF). 2021-09-14.
- ^ static operator(). 2022-04-08.
- ^ static operator[] (PDF). 2022-11-11.
- ^ Simpler implicit move. 2022-03-23.
- ^ Zhihao Yuan. auto(x): decay-copy in the language. 2021-07-12.
- ^ Melanie Blower. Add support for preprocessing directives elifdef and elifndef (PDF). 2021-04-30.
- ^ Aaron Ballman. Support for #warning (PDF). 2022-01-13.
- ^ Wording for P2644R1 Fix for Range-based for Loop. 2022-11-11.
- ^ Portable assumptions (PDF). 2022-04-22.
- ^ Timur Doumler. Wording for class template argument deduction from inherited constructors (PDF). 2022-05-20.
- ^ Labels at the end of compound statements (C compatibility) (PDF). 2022-01-13.
- ^ Jens Maurer. Extend init-statement to allow alias-declaration. 2021-04-13.
- ^ JeanHeyd Meneide; Rein Halbersma. Literal Suffix for (signed) size_t. 2019-11-24.
- ^ Extended floating-point types and standard names. 2022-04-22.
- ^ Alex Christensen; JF Bastien. P1102R2: Down with ()!. 2020-12-11.
- ^ Attributes on Lambda-Expressions (PDF).
- ^ Ville Voutilainen. Non-literal variables (and labels and gotos) in constexpr functions. 2021-07-12.
- ^ Permitting
static constexpr
variables inconstexpr
functions. 2022-11-07. - ^ Relaxing some constexpr restrictions. 2022-01-27.
- ^ Andrzej Krzemieński. Narrowing contextual conversions to bool. 2021-04-12.
- ^ Corentin Jabot. Trimming whitespaces before line splicing (PDF). 2021-04-13.
- ^ Pal Balog. Make declaration order layout mandated (PDF). 2021-04-02.
- ^ Delimited escape sequences (PDF). 2022-02-25.
- ^ Named universal character escapes. 2022-03-25.
- ^ Support for UTF-8 as a portable source file encoding (PDF). 2022-07-01.
- ^ Corentin Jabot. Consistent character literal encoding (PDF). 2021-09-14.
- ^ Jens Maurer. Character sets and encodings. 2021-09-21.
- ^ Standard Library Modules std and std.compat (PDF).
- ^ (std::generator: Synchronous Coroutine Generator for Ranges) (PDF).
- ^ Vicente Botet; JF Bastien; Jonathan Wakely. std::expected. 2022-01-07.
- ^ Sy Brand. Monadic operations for std::optional. 2021-04-27.
- ^ Jeff Garland. P2505R5 Monadic Functions for
std::expected
. 2022-09-28. - ^ JeanHeyd Meneide. std::to_underlying for enumerations. 2021-01-22.
- ^ Matt Calabrese; Ryan McDougall. move_only_function. 2021-07-09.
- ^ Gašper Ažman. std::forward_like (PDF). 2022-05-13.
- ^ Zhihao Yuan. invoke_r. 2020-04-29.
- ^ 參照錯誤:沒有為名為
range-adaptor
的參考文獻提供內容 - ^ Isabella Muerte; Corentin Jabot. Byteswapping for fun&&nuf. 2021-09-17.
- ^ Melissa Mears; Jens Maurer. Function to mark unreachable code (PDF). 2021-10-15.
- ^ Corentin Jabot. Compatibility between tuple, pair and tuple-like objects (PDF). 2022-07-15.
- ^ Hui Xie; S. Levent Yilmaz; Tim Song. common_reference_t of reference_wrapper Should Be a Reference Type. 2023-02-07.
- ^ Wording for P2644R1 Fix for Range-based for Loop. 2022-11-11.
- ^ Peter Dimov. Making std::type_info::operator== constexpr. 2021-05-01.
- ^ Daniil Goncharov. A more constexpr bitset (PDF). 2022-06-25.
- ^ Andreas Fertig. Making std::unique_ptr constexpr (PDF). 2021-11-06.
- ^ Edward J. Rosten; Oliver J. Rosten. constexpr for <cmath> and <cstdlib> (PDF). 2021-11-12.
- ^ Daniil Goncharov; Alexander Karaev. Add Constexpr Modifiers to Functions to_chars and from_chars for Integral Types in <charconv> Header (PDF). 2021-09-18.
- ^ Juan Alday. A proposal for a type trait to detect scoped enumerations (PDF). 2020-10-12.
- ^ Timur Doumler; Vittorio Romeo. A trait for implicit lifetime types (PDF). 2022-11-11.
- ^ Tim Song. A type trait to detect reference binding to temporary. 2021-10-13.
- ^ Justin Bassett. Move-only types for equality_comparable_with, totally_ordered_with, and three_way_comparable_with (PDF). 2022-07-02.
另見
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