寰枢椎结核
外观
寰枢椎结核是一种罕见的脊柱结核,约占脊柱结核的0.3%~1%[1]。脊柱结核首先会感染滑膜、侧块或椎体松质骨,进而缓慢地侵犯椎体之间的韧带,令寰枢椎变得不稳定[2]。因为寰枢椎结核缺乏特异性的早期表现,诊断较为困难,甚至会误诊,误诊率高达50%~71%[3]。
Lifeso将寰枢椎结核分成三个阶段。第一阶段没有发现骨质破坏或移位的证据,第二阶段出现韧带破坏、寰椎在枢椎上的前移位和最小的骨破坏,同时还具有或不具有齿状突的近端移位,而第三阶段则有明显的骨质破坏及完全闭塞的寰椎前弓[4]。
临床症状
[编辑]寰枢椎结核的早期临床症状是轻微和非特征性的,主要特征是颈部疼痛、颈部活动受限[5],然而颈椎病和强直性脊柱炎等也有相似的临床症状,可以导致漏诊或误诊。有研究指出其他相关的特征包括获得性免疫缺陷综合征、夜间体温升高和体重减轻[6]。
寰枢椎结核非特异性症状的平均持续时间为5至6个月。随著病情的发展,慢慢会出现四肢瘫痪、延髓功能障碍、呼吸危象,甚至可能会猝死,即斜颈和进展性颈髓受压迫症状[7]。
治疗
[编辑]目前在治疗寰枢椎结核时并没有明确的指导方针,从抗结核药物等保守治疗到手术治疗的观点各不相同[8],然而寰枢椎结核治疗方案的主要决定标准就是患者的神经受损、骨质破坏和脊髓压迫的程度,以及寰枢椎脱位和对抗结核药物的敏感性[9]。
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Ramamurthi, B. Management of tuberculomas of the craniovertebral junction. British Journal of Neurosurgery. 2000-01-01, 14 (6): 600 [2025-04-10]. ISSN 0268-8697. PMID 11272052. doi:10.1080/02688690050206873. (原始内容存档于2022-06-20).
- ^ Lee, Dae Kyu; Cho, Keun Tae; Im, So Hyang; Hong, Seung Koan. Craniovertebral Junction Tuberculosis with Atlantoaxial Dislocation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society: 406-409. [2025-04-10]. ISSN 2005-3711. PMC 2588186
. PMID 19096579. doi:10.3340/jkns.2007.42.5.406 (英语).
- ^ Mandavia, Rishi; Fox, Richard; Meir, Adam. Atlantoaxial TB with paralysis: posterior-only cervical approach with good results. JRSM Open. 2017-06-01, 8 (6): 2054270417697866 [2025-04-10]. ISSN 2054-2704. PMC 5464386
. PMID 28620504. doi:10.1177/2054270417697866. (原始内容存档于2022-12-26) (英语).
- ^ Lifeso, R. Atlanto-axial tuberculosis in adults. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume. 1987-03-01, 69–B (2): 183-187 [2025-04-10]. ISSN 2049-4408. PMID 3818746. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.69B2.3818746. (原始内容存档于2024-04-15) (英语).
- ^ Goel, Atul; Sharma, Praveen; Dange, Nitin; Kulkarni, ArvindG. Techniques in the treatment of craniovertebral instability. Neurology India. 2005, 53 (4): 525-533 [2025-04-10]. ISSN 0028-3886. PMID 16565547. doi:10.4103/0028-3886.22625. (原始内容存档于2025-04-26) (美国英语).
- ^ Puraviappan, P.; Tang, I. P.; Yong, D. J.; Prepageran, N.; Carrau, R. L.; Kassam, A. B. Endoscopic, endonasal decompression of spinal stenosis with myelopathy secondary to cranio-vertebral tuberculosis: two cases. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 2010-07, 124 (7): 816-819 [2025-04-10]. ISSN 1748-5460. PMID 20003599. doi:10.1017/S0022215109992271. (原始内容存档于2024-04-15) (英语).
- ^ Gupta, Sunil K.; Mohindra, Sandeep; Sharma, Bhawani S.; Gupta, Rahul; Chhabra, Rajesh; Mukherjee, Kanchan K.; Tewari, Manoj K.; Pathak, Ashis; Khandelwal, Niranjan; Suresh, Narain M.; Khosla, Virender K. Tuberculosis of the Craniovertebral Junction: Is Surgery Necessary?. Neurosurgery. 2006-06, 58 (6): 1144-1150 [2025-04-10]. ISSN 0148-396X. PMID 16723893. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000215950.85745.33. (原始内容存档于2024-04-15) (美国英语).
- ^ Attia, Moshe; Harnof, Sagi; Knoller, Nachshon; Shacked, Itzhack; Zibly, Zion; Bedrin, Lev; Regev-Yochay, Gili. Cervical Pott's disease presenting as a retropharyngeal abscess. The Israel Medical Association journal: IMAJ. 2004-07, 6 (7): 438-439 [2025-04-10]. ISSN 1565-1088. PMID 15274540. (原始内容存档于2020-04-06).
- ^ Moon, Myung-Sang; Moon, Jeong-Lim; Kim, Sung-Sim; Moon, Young-Wan. Treatment of Tuberculosis of the Cervical Spine: Operative versus Nonoperative. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®. 2007-07, 460: 67-77 [2025-04-10]. ISSN 0009-921X. PMID 17414165. doi:10.1097/BLO.0b013e31805470ba (美国英语).