硬脑膜下血肿
外观
硬脑膜下血肿 | |
---|---|
异名 | Subdural hematoma, subdural haematoma, subdural haemorrhage |
硬膜下血肿(箭头)造成明显的中线偏移 | |
病因 | 头部损伤, 酗酒, 脑脊液压力下降[1][2] |
风险因素 | 老化, 长期酗酒, 失智症和脑脊液外漏[3][2][4] |
分类和外部资源 | |
医学专科 | 神经外科, 神经内科 |
ICD-10 | I62.0、P10.0、S06.5 |
DiseasesDB | 12614 |
MedlinePlus | 000713 |
eMedicine | 1137207 |
硬脑膜下血肿(Subdural hematoma,SDH),简称硬膜下血肿,是指血液聚积在脑周围的硬脑膜内层与脑脊膜的蛛网膜层之间,而行成的血肿[5]。可能的症状包括头痛、思维混乱、人格改变和意识丧失[6]。可能并发症包括脑疝和癫痫发作[5]。
通常是脑外伤造成跨过硬膜下腔的桥接静脉破裂[5]。儿童可能因意外或故意(被伤害)而受伤[5]。非创伤相关原因包括使用抗凝剂、动脉瘤、脑瘤、腰椎穿刺后和自发性发生[7]。酗酒也是一个危险因子[6]。通常以CT 扫描诊断[8]。
治疗可能需要手术,尤其是突然发生出血且出血量大时[7]。常用手术包括开颅手术或头部穿孔,使压力释放[6]。小量出血可能只需要密切监测[6]。
急性硬脑膜下血肿,在严重头部损伤患者中占5%至25%[9]。每年每 10 万人中约有 3 人患有慢性硬脑膜下血肿[10]。盛行率在年轻人和老年人较高[5]。 急性硬脑膜下血肿的死亡率在50%至90%中[7]。亚急性和慢性硬膜下出血的预后较佳[6]。
参见
[编辑]参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Ko BS, Lee JK, Seo BR, Moon SJ, Kim JH, Kim SH. Clinical analysis of risk factors related to recurrent chronic subdural hematoma. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society. January 2008, 43 (1): 11–15. PMC 2588154
. PMID 19096538. doi:10.3340/jkns.2008.43.1.11.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 University of Vermont College of Medicine. "Neuropathology: Trauma to the CNS." Accessed through web archive on August 8, 2007.
- ^ Imaging in Subdural Hematoma 于 eMedicine
- ^ Beck J, Gralla J, Fung C, Ulrich CT, Schucht P, Fichtner J, et al. Spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak as the cause of chronic subdural hematomas in nongeriatric patients. Journal of Neurosurgery. December 2014, 121 (6): 1380–1387. PMID 25036203. S2CID 207731566. doi:10.3171/2014.6.JNS14550
.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Pierre, L; Kondamudi, NP. Subdural Hematoma. StatPearls. January 2020. PMID 30422565.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Subdural haematoma. nhs.uk. 23 October 2017 [16 October 2020]. (原始内容存档于12 November 2020) (英语).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Vega, RA; Valadka, AB. Natural History of Acute Subdural Hematoma.. Neurosurgery clinics of North America. April 2017, 28 (2): 247–255. PMID 28325459. doi:10.1016/j.nec.2016.11.007.
- ^ Subdural haematoma - Diagnosis. nhs.uk. 23 October 2017 [16 October 2020]. (原始内容存档于29 August 2021) (英语).
- ^ Subdural Hematoma: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology. Emedicine. 10 June 2020 [16 October 2020]. (原始内容存档于29 October 2020).
- ^ Yadav, YR; Parihar, V; Namdev, H; Bajaj, J. Chronic subdural hematoma.. Asian journal of neurosurgery. October 2016, 11 (4): 330–342. PMID 27695533. doi:10.4103/1793-5482.145102.
外部链接
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