卢凯塞犯罪家族

卢凯塞犯罪家族
（Lucchese crime family）
	汤米·加格里亚诺汤米·卢凯塞 Anthony Corallo
创建时间	约 1920s
创建者	汤米·加格里亚诺
命名源由	汤米·卢凯塞
创建地点	美国纽约州纽约市
活跃年代	约1920s–present
活动范围	Primarily New York City, with additional territory in Long Island, Westchester County, New Jersey, South Florida and Las Vegas
种族特点	Italians as "made men" and other ethnicities as associates
成员人数; （估计）	110–140 made members and 1,000+ associates (2004)
犯罪活动	Racketeering, robbery, illegal gambling, drug trafficking, truck hijacking, bribery, loan sharking, fraud, assault, fencing, money laundering, extortion, murder, arms trafficking, theft, prostitution and pornography
合作组织	Bonanno crime family; Buffalo crime family; Chicago Outfit; Colombo crime family; DeCavalcante crime family; Gambino crime family; Genovese crime family; Philadelphia crime family; Nine Trey Gangsters; Purple Gang; South Brooklyn Boys; Tanglewood Boys; Velentzas Organization;
敌对组织	Rudaj Organization; and various other gangs in New York City, including their allies;
知名成员	List of current members; List of former members;

卢凯塞犯罪家族（英语：Lucchese crime family，Lucchese发音为 [lukˈkeːze; -eːse]），是美国黑手党五大家族之一，主要势力范围在纽约市以及新泽西州。他们被称为卢凯塞博卡达（意大利语：Lucchese borgata），在西西里语中，博卡达（borgata）意思是紧密的社区，在黑手党黑话中，代表着黑手党的一种帮派组织^[8] 。这个犯罪家族的成员有时会被被称为卢克斯（Lukes）^[9]。

卢凯塞犯罪家族在1920年代初期出现，首任老大是加埃塔诺·雷纳。加埃塔诺·雷纳在1930年代被枪杀后，开启了卡斯泰拉马雷战争（英语：Castellammarese War），继任者为汤米·加格里亚诺，在他掌权时，被称为加格里亚诺犯罪家族（Gagliano crime family），当时他们的地盘在纽约市布朗克斯，曼哈顿，以及新泽西州。

在汤米·卢凯塞担任家族老大之后，被改称卢凯塞犯罪家族。与甘比诺犯罪家族老大卡罗·甘比诺结盟，卢凯塞犯罪家族势力变得庞大，控制了整个纽约市，也控制了美国黑手党委员会，势力伸入美国各地，成为全国性的黑帮组织。

历史

卢凯塞犯罪家族起源，最早可以追溯到19世纪晚期，在纽约市东哈林出现的第一个美国黑手党帮派，莫雷诺犯罪家族（英语：Morello crime family），这个帮派控制了东哈林以及布朗克斯。加埃塔诺·雷纳在1900年代移民美国纽约市之后，加入了莫雷诺犯罪家族。1910年，在朱塞佩·莫雷洛与伊尼亚齐奥·卢波相继被捕入狱之后，莫雷诺犯罪家族（英语：Morello crime family）陷入混乱，加埃塔诺·雷纳，以及萨尔瓦托雷·达奎拉，乔·马塞里亚分别建立自己的帮派，分割地盘。

在1920年代，加埃塔诺·雷纳控制了一部分东哈林以及布朗克斯区。在美国禁酒令发布之后，经由控制冷藏柜贩卖以及私酒贩卖生意，加埃塔诺·雷纳的财富与势力增加，成为乔·马塞里亚的盟友。1925年，萨尔瓦托雷·马兰扎诺来到纽约市发展他的帮派，加埃塔诺·雷纳转而支持马兰扎诺，引发乔·马塞里亚不满，于1930年下令枪杀加埃塔诺·雷纳，随后爆发了卡斯泰拉马雷战争（英语：Castellammarese War）。

注释

^ The Changing Face of organize crime in New Jersey (PDF). State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation. May 2004. 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期June 11, 2020，.
^
- Dirty‐Book Store Run by Police Gains Indictment of 18 Here on Pornography Paul L. Montgomery, The New York Times (April 21, 1972) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期April 17, 2024，.
- Mafia Declares War, but Porn King Survives William Sherman, New York Daily News (December 13, 1972) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期June 15, 2024，.
- The King Is Dead; Long Live the Smut Empire William Federici and Thomas Collins, New York Daily News (April 14, 1977) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期October 22, 2023，.
- Porn Suspect Has City Store John McDonald and Jim Mulvaney, Newsday (August 1, 1980) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期June 15, 2024，.
- Mafia Links To Union Cited The New York Times (October 28, 1986) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期May 24, 2015，.
- Officials Say Mafia Ran Crack Ring In Brooklyn Randy Kennedy, The New York Times (October 2, 1996) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期November 15, 2023，.
- Investigators Detail a New Mob Strategy on Building Trades Selwyn Raab, The New York Times (August 8, 1999) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期November 6, 2023，.
- The Changing Face of organize crime in New Jersey (PDF). State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation. May 2004. 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期June 11, 2020，.
- 49 Are Indicted On A Crazy Luchese Day Jose Martinez and Brian Kates, New York Daily News (October 2, 2009) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期June 16, 2024，.
- Officials charge man who allegedly ran mob gambling website George Anastasia, The Philadelphia Inquirer (May 29, 2010) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期May 9, 2021，.
- 10 arrested in takedown of Lucchese crime family loan-sharking and gambling operation Christopher J. Eberhart, The Journal News (March 27, 2018) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期April 16, 2024，.
- Five charged in illegal gambling operation allegedly run by infamous New York crime family Emily Mae Czachor, CBS News (September 14, 2022) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期September 14, 2022，.
^
- 2011 National Gang Threat Assessment fbi.gov (2011) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期October 22, 2011，.
- Who are the Nine Trey Gangsters? Henry Culvyhouse, The Daily Times (May 18, 2016) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期May 28, 2016，.
^ The Legacy of East Harlem’s Purple Gang Is One of Fear and Violence Tim Reynolds, Medium (October 12, 2023) Archive.today的存档，存档日期April 14, 2024，
^ End of an Era: Lucchese Underboss Gets Life in Prison Aliya Bashir, Westchester Magazine (September 23, 2020) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期March 26, 2022，.
^ Man Tied to Mafia Guilty on 10 Counts (January 20, 1992) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期April 9, 2023，.
^ Muscling out the mob Greg B. Smith, New York Daily News (October 27, 2004) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期April 14, 2024，.
^ Raab, Selwyn. Five Families The Rise, Decline, and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires. St. Martin's Press. May 13, 2014: 1 [26 December 2020]. ISBN 9781429907989.
^ Joaquin 'Jack' Garcia; Michael Levin. Making Jack Falcone An Undercover FBI Agent Takes Down a Mafia Family. Simon & Schuster UK. December 11, 2012 [9 October 2021]. ISBN 9781471108525.

[1] The Changing Face of organize crime in New Jersey (PDF). State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation. May 2004. 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期June 11, 2020，.

[2] 
Dirty‐Book Store Run by Police Gains Indictment of 18 Here on Pornography Paul L. Montgomery, The New York Times (April 21, 1972) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期April 17, 2024，.

Mafia Declares War, but Porn King Survives William Sherman, New York Daily News (December 13, 1972) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期June 15, 2024，.

The King Is Dead; Long Live the Smut Empire William Federici and Thomas Collins, New York Daily News (April 14, 1977) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期October 22, 2023，.

Porn Suspect Has City Store John McDonald and Jim Mulvaney, Newsday (August 1, 1980) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期June 15, 2024，.

Mafia Links To Union Cited The New York Times (October 28, 1986) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期May 24, 2015，.

Officials Say Mafia Ran Crack Ring In Brooklyn Randy Kennedy, The New York Times (October 2, 1996) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期November 15, 2023，.

Investigators Detail a New Mob Strategy on Building Trades Selwyn Raab, The New York Times (August 8, 1999) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期November 6, 2023，.

The Changing Face of organize crime in New Jersey (PDF). State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation. May 2004. 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期June 11, 2020，.

49 Are Indicted On A Crazy Luchese Day Jose Martinez and Brian Kates, New York Daily News (October 2, 2009) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期June 16, 2024，.

Officials charge man who allegedly ran mob gambling website George Anastasia, The Philadelphia Inquirer (May 29, 2010) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期May 9, 2021，.

10 arrested in takedown of Lucchese crime family loan-sharking and gambling operation Christopher J. Eberhart, The Journal News (March 27, 2018) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期April 16, 2024，.

Five charged in illegal gambling operation allegedly run by infamous New York crime family Emily Mae Czachor, CBS News (September 14, 2022) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期September 14, 2022，.

[3] Dirty‐Book Store Run by Police Gains Indictment of 18 Here on Pornography Paul L. Montgomery, The New York Times (April 21, 1972) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期April 17, 2024，.

[4] Mafia Declares War, but Porn King Survives William Sherman, New York Daily News (December 13, 1972) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期June 15, 2024，.

[5] The King Is Dead; Long Live the Smut Empire William Federici and Thomas Collins, New York Daily News (April 14, 1977) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期October 22, 2023，.

[6] Porn Suspect Has City Store John McDonald and Jim Mulvaney, Newsday (August 1, 1980) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期June 15, 2024，.

[7] Mafia Links To Union Cited The New York Times (October 28, 1986) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期May 24, 2015，.

[8] Officials Say Mafia Ran Crack Ring In Brooklyn Randy Kennedy, The New York Times (October 2, 1996) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期November 15, 2023，.

[9] Investigators Detail a New Mob Strategy on Building Trades Selwyn Raab, The New York Times (August 8, 1999) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期November 6, 2023，.

[10] The Changing Face of organize crime in New Jersey (PDF). State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation. May 2004. 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期June 11, 2020，.

[11] 49 Are Indicted On A Crazy Luchese Day Jose Martinez and Brian Kates, New York Daily News (October 2, 2009) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期June 16, 2024，.

[12] Officials charge man who allegedly ran mob gambling website George Anastasia, The Philadelphia Inquirer (May 29, 2010) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期May 9, 2021，.

[13] 10 arrested in takedown of Lucchese crime family loan-sharking and gambling operation Christopher J. Eberhart, The Journal News (March 27, 2018) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期April 16, 2024，.

[14] Five charged in illegal gambling operation allegedly run by infamous New York crime family Emily Mae Czachor, CBS News (September 14, 2022) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期September 14, 2022，.

[3] 
2011 National Gang Threat Assessment fbi.gov (2011) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期October 22, 2011，.

Who are the Nine Trey Gangsters? Henry Culvyhouse, The Daily Times (May 18, 2016) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期May 28, 2016，.

[16] 2011 National Gang Threat Assessment fbi.gov (2011) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期October 22, 2011，.

[17] Who are the Nine Trey Gangsters? Henry Culvyhouse, The Daily Times (May 18, 2016) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期May 28, 2016，.

[Legacy-4] The Legacy of East Harlem’s Purple Gang Is One of Fear and Violence Tim Reynolds, Medium (October 12, 2023) Archive.today的存档，存档日期April 14, 2024，

[End_of_an_Era:_Lucchese_Underboss_Gets_Life_in_Prison-5] End of an Era: Lucchese Underboss Gets Life in Prison Aliya Bashir, Westchester Magazine (September 23, 2020) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期March 26, 2022，.

[Man_Tied_to_Mafia-6] Man Tied to Mafia Guilty on 10 Counts (January 20, 1992) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期April 9, 2023，.

[Muscling_out_the_mob-7] Muscling out the mob Greg B. Smith, New York Daily News (October 27, 2004) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期April 14, 2024，.

[8] Raab, Selwyn. Five Families The Rise, Decline, and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires. St. Martin's Press. May 13, 2014: 1 [26 December 2020]. ISBN 9781429907989.

[9] Joaquin 'Jack' Garcia; Michael Levin. Making Jack Falcone An Undercover FBI Agent Takes Down a Mafia Family. Simon & Schuster UK. December 11, 2012 [9 October 2021]. ISBN 9781471108525.

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