盧凱塞犯罪家族

盧凱塞犯罪家族
（Lucchese crime family）
	湯米·加格里亞諾湯米·盧凱塞 Anthony Corallo
創建時間	约 1920s
創建者	湯米·加格里亞諾
命名源由	湯米·盧凱塞
創建地點	美國紐約州紐約市
活躍年代	约1920s–present
活動範圍	Primarily New York City, with additional territory in Long Island, Westchester County, New Jersey, South Florida and Las Vegas
種族特點	Italians as "made men" and other ethnicities as associates
成员人數; （估计）	110–140 made members and 1,000+ associates (2004)
犯罪活動	Racketeering, robbery, illegal gambling, drug trafficking, truck hijacking, bribery, loan sharking, fraud, assault, fencing, money laundering, extortion, murder, arms trafficking, theft, prostitution and pornography
合作組織	Bonanno crime family; Buffalo crime family; Chicago Outfit; Colombo crime family; DeCavalcante crime family; Gambino crime family; Genovese crime family; Philadelphia crime family; Nine Trey Gangsters; Purple Gang; South Brooklyn Boys; Tanglewood Boys; Velentzas Organization;
敵對組織	Rudaj Organization; and various other gangs in New York City, including their allies;
知名成员	List of current members; List of former members;

盧凱塞犯罪家族（英語：Lucchese crime family，Lucchese發音為 [lukˈkeːze; -eːse]），是美國黑手黨五大家族之一，主要勢力範圍在紐約市以及紐澤西州。他們被稱為盧凱塞博卡達（義大利語：Lucchese borgata），在西西里語中，博卡達（borgata）意思是緊密的社區，在黑手黨黑話中，代表著黑手黨的一種幫派組織^[8] 。這個犯罪家族的成員有時會被被稱為盧克斯（Lukes）^[9]。

盧凱塞犯罪家族在1920年代初期出現，首任老大是加埃塔诺·雷納。加埃塔诺·雷納在1930年代被槍殺後，開啟了卡斯泰拉馬雷戰爭（英语：Castellammarese War），繼任者為湯米·加格里亞諾，在他掌權時，被稱為加格里亞諾犯罪家族（Gagliano crime family），當時他們的地盤在紐約市布朗克斯，曼哈頓，以及紐澤西州。

在湯米·盧凱塞擔任家族老大之後，被改稱盧凱塞犯罪家族。與甘比諾犯罪家族老大卡羅·甘比諾結盟，盧凱塞犯罪家族勢力變得龐大，控制了整個紐約市，也控制了美國黑手黨委員會，勢力伸入美國各地，成為全國性的黑幫組織。

歷史

盧凱塞犯罪家族起源，最早可以追溯到19世紀晚期，在紐約市東哈林出現的第一個美國黑手黨幫派，莫雷諾犯罪家族（英语：Morello crime family），這個幫派控制了東哈林以及布朗克斯。加埃塔诺·雷納在1900年代移民美國紐約市之後，加入了莫雷諾犯罪家族。1910年，在朱塞佩·莫雷洛與伊尼亞齊奧·盧波相繼被捕入獄之後，莫雷諾犯罪家族（英语：Morello crime family）陷入混亂，加埃塔诺·雷納，以及薩爾瓦托雷·達奎拉，喬·馬塞里亞分別建立自己的幫派，分割地盤。

在1920年代，加埃塔诺·雷納控制了一部份東哈林以及布朗克斯區。在美國禁酒令發布之後，經由控制冷藏櫃販賣以及私酒販賣生意，加埃塔诺·雷納的財富與勢力增加，成為喬·馬塞里亞的盟友。1925年，薩爾瓦托雷·馬蘭扎諾來到紐約市發展他的幫派，加埃塔诺·雷納轉而支持馬蘭扎諾，引發喬·馬塞里亞不滿，於1930年下令槍殺加埃塔诺·雷納，隨後爆發了卡斯泰拉馬雷戰爭（英语：Castellammarese War）。

註釋

^ The Changing Face of organize crime in New Jersey (PDF). State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation. May 2004. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期June 11, 2020，.
^
- Dirty‐Book Store Run by Police Gains Indictment of 18 Here on Pornography Paul L. Montgomery, The New York Times (April 21, 1972) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期April 17, 2024，.
- Mafia Declares War, but Porn King Survives William Sherman, New York Daily News (December 13, 1972) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期June 15, 2024，.
- The King Is Dead; Long Live the Smut Empire William Federici and Thomas Collins, New York Daily News (April 14, 1977) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期October 22, 2023，.
- Porn Suspect Has City Store John McDonald and Jim Mulvaney, Newsday (August 1, 1980) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期June 15, 2024，.
- Mafia Links To Union Cited The New York Times (October 28, 1986) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期May 24, 2015，.
- Officials Say Mafia Ran Crack Ring In Brooklyn Randy Kennedy, The New York Times (October 2, 1996) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期November 15, 2023，.
- Investigators Detail a New Mob Strategy on Building Trades Selwyn Raab, The New York Times (August 8, 1999) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期November 6, 2023，.
- The Changing Face of organize crime in New Jersey (PDF). State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation. May 2004. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期June 11, 2020，.
- 49 Are Indicted On A Crazy Luchese Day Jose Martinez and Brian Kates, New York Daily News (October 2, 2009) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期June 16, 2024，.
- Officials charge man who allegedly ran mob gambling website George Anastasia, The Philadelphia Inquirer (May 29, 2010) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期May 9, 2021，.
- 10 arrested in takedown of Lucchese crime family loan-sharking and gambling operation Christopher J. Eberhart, The Journal News (March 27, 2018) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期April 16, 2024，.
- Five charged in illegal gambling operation allegedly run by infamous New York crime family Emily Mae Czachor, CBS News (September 14, 2022) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期September 14, 2022，.
^
- 2011 National Gang Threat Assessment fbi.gov (2011) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期October 22, 2011，.
- Who are the Nine Trey Gangsters? Henry Culvyhouse, The Daily Times (May 18, 2016) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期May 28, 2016，.
^ The Legacy of East Harlem’s Purple Gang Is One of Fear and Violence Tim Reynolds, Medium (October 12, 2023) Archive.today的存檔，存档日期April 14, 2024，
^ End of an Era: Lucchese Underboss Gets Life in Prison Aliya Bashir, Westchester Magazine (September 23, 2020) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期March 26, 2022，.
^ Man Tied to Mafia Guilty on 10 Counts (January 20, 1992) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期April 9, 2023，.
^ Muscling out the mob Greg B. Smith, New York Daily News (October 27, 2004) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期April 14, 2024，.
^ Raab, Selwyn. Five Families The Rise, Decline, and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires. St. Martin's Press. May 13, 2014: 1 [26 December 2020]. ISBN 9781429907989.
^ Joaquin 'Jack' Garcia; Michael Levin. Making Jack Falcone An Undercover FBI Agent Takes Down a Mafia Family. Simon & Schuster UK. December 11, 2012 [9 October 2021]. ISBN 9781471108525.

[1] The Changing Face of organize crime in New Jersey (PDF). State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation. May 2004. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期June 11, 2020，.

[2] 
Dirty‐Book Store Run by Police Gains Indictment of 18 Here on Pornography Paul L. Montgomery, The New York Times (April 21, 1972) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期April 17, 2024，.

Mafia Declares War, but Porn King Survives William Sherman, New York Daily News (December 13, 1972) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期June 15, 2024，.

The King Is Dead; Long Live the Smut Empire William Federici and Thomas Collins, New York Daily News (April 14, 1977) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期October 22, 2023，.

Porn Suspect Has City Store John McDonald and Jim Mulvaney, Newsday (August 1, 1980) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期June 15, 2024，.

Mafia Links To Union Cited The New York Times (October 28, 1986) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期May 24, 2015，.

Officials Say Mafia Ran Crack Ring In Brooklyn Randy Kennedy, The New York Times (October 2, 1996) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期November 15, 2023，.

Investigators Detail a New Mob Strategy on Building Trades Selwyn Raab, The New York Times (August 8, 1999) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期November 6, 2023，.

The Changing Face of organize crime in New Jersey (PDF). State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation. May 2004. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期June 11, 2020，.

49 Are Indicted On A Crazy Luchese Day Jose Martinez and Brian Kates, New York Daily News (October 2, 2009) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期June 16, 2024，.

Officials charge man who allegedly ran mob gambling website George Anastasia, The Philadelphia Inquirer (May 29, 2010) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期May 9, 2021，.

10 arrested in takedown of Lucchese crime family loan-sharking and gambling operation Christopher J. Eberhart, The Journal News (March 27, 2018) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期April 16, 2024，.

Five charged in illegal gambling operation allegedly run by infamous New York crime family Emily Mae Czachor, CBS News (September 14, 2022) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期September 14, 2022，.

[3] Dirty‐Book Store Run by Police Gains Indictment of 18 Here on Pornography Paul L. Montgomery, The New York Times (April 21, 1972) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期April 17, 2024，.

[4] Mafia Declares War, but Porn King Survives William Sherman, New York Daily News (December 13, 1972) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期June 15, 2024，.

[5] The King Is Dead; Long Live the Smut Empire William Federici and Thomas Collins, New York Daily News (April 14, 1977) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期October 22, 2023，.

[6] Porn Suspect Has City Store John McDonald and Jim Mulvaney, Newsday (August 1, 1980) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期June 15, 2024，.

[7] Mafia Links To Union Cited The New York Times (October 28, 1986) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期May 24, 2015，.

[8] Officials Say Mafia Ran Crack Ring In Brooklyn Randy Kennedy, The New York Times (October 2, 1996) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期November 15, 2023，.

[9] Investigators Detail a New Mob Strategy on Building Trades Selwyn Raab, The New York Times (August 8, 1999) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期November 6, 2023，.

[10] The Changing Face of organize crime in New Jersey (PDF). State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation. May 2004. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期June 11, 2020，.

[11] 49 Are Indicted On A Crazy Luchese Day Jose Martinez and Brian Kates, New York Daily News (October 2, 2009) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期June 16, 2024，.

[12] Officials charge man who allegedly ran mob gambling website George Anastasia, The Philadelphia Inquirer (May 29, 2010) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期May 9, 2021，.

[13] 10 arrested in takedown of Lucchese crime family loan-sharking and gambling operation Christopher J. Eberhart, The Journal News (March 27, 2018) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期April 16, 2024，.

[14] Five charged in illegal gambling operation allegedly run by infamous New York crime family Emily Mae Czachor, CBS News (September 14, 2022) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期September 14, 2022，.

[3] 
2011 National Gang Threat Assessment fbi.gov (2011) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期October 22, 2011，.

Who are the Nine Trey Gangsters? Henry Culvyhouse, The Daily Times (May 18, 2016) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期May 28, 2016，.

[16] 2011 National Gang Threat Assessment fbi.gov (2011) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期October 22, 2011，.

[17] Who are the Nine Trey Gangsters? Henry Culvyhouse, The Daily Times (May 18, 2016) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期May 28, 2016，.

[Legacy-4] The Legacy of East Harlem’s Purple Gang Is One of Fear and Violence Tim Reynolds, Medium (October 12, 2023) Archive.today的存檔，存档日期April 14, 2024，

[End_of_an_Era:_Lucchese_Underboss_Gets_Life_in_Prison-5] End of an Era: Lucchese Underboss Gets Life in Prison Aliya Bashir, Westchester Magazine (September 23, 2020) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期March 26, 2022，.

[Man_Tied_to_Mafia-6] Man Tied to Mafia Guilty on 10 Counts (January 20, 1992) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期April 9, 2023，.

[Muscling_out_the_mob-7] Muscling out the mob Greg B. Smith, New York Daily News (October 27, 2004) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期April 14, 2024，.

[8] Raab, Selwyn. Five Families The Rise, Decline, and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires. St. Martin's Press. May 13, 2014: 1 [26 December 2020]. ISBN 9781429907989.

[9] Joaquin 'Jack' Garcia; Michael Levin. Making Jack Falcone An Undercover FBI Agent Takes Down a Mafia Family. Simon & Schuster UK. December 11, 2012 [9 October 2021]. ISBN 9781471108525.

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