似奇虾属

似奇虾属; 化石时期：514–509 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼ 寒武世第四期
	似奇虾的前附肢复原图
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	†恐虾纲 Dinocaridida
目：	†放射齿目 Radiodonta
科：	†地位未定 Incertae sedis
属：	†似奇虾属 Paranomalocaris; Wang, Huang & Hu, 2013
模式种
	多节似奇虾 Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis ; Wang, Huang & Hu, 2013
其他物种
	简单似奇虾 ; Paranomalocaris simplex; Jiao et al. 2021;

似奇虾属（学名：Paranomalocaris）是节肢动物门、恐虾纲、放射齿目、地位未定的一属，底下有两个物种，分别是多节似奇虾（学名：Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis）和简单似奇虾（学名：Paranomalocaris simplex）。化石在现今中国东南部的澄江化石地被发现的。^[1]^[2]目前仅发现似奇虾的前附肢化石，身体等的部分仍不清楚，间接导致似奇虾的分类具有争议。^[3]

发现[编辑]

似奇虾的标本在中国云南东部昆明高楼坊村（Gaoloufang Village）乌龙箐組（Wulongqing Formation）的关山动物群（Guanshan biota）^[1]^[2]与关山虾属一样^[1]^[2]^[4]^[5]，在李花村（Lihua Village）附近的的李花庄段（Lihuazhuang section）也有发现。多节似奇虾一开始仅发现一个标本，编号为NIGP 154564^[2]，在李花庄段也有发现一个标本，编号为YKLP 12416。简单似奇虾则是仅在李花庄段发现标本，编号是YKLP 12417和YKLP 12418。^[1]

命名[编辑]

Paranomalocaris是由“para”（相近、类似）＋“Anomalocaris”（奇虾的属名）；而多节似奇虾（Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis）的种小名-“multisegmentalis”是“multi”（许多）＋“segmental”（一节一节的）；^[1]简单似奇虾（Paranomalocaris simplex）的种小名-“simplex”（简单）比起同属的多节似奇虾前附肢结构简单许多。^[2]

型态[编辑]

两个前附肢复原图，黑的部分是节的分界线/节膜（arthrodial membranes），浅灰色是不确定的部分。左边是多节似奇虾，右边是简单似奇虾。

前附肢全长32至45毫米，共有23个节，前段与末端的节，高会比宽还要长；但中段则是宽长于高。前附肢的第一节和第二节在第一次被描述同为一节，两节的末端各有一对较小的刺。在第三节到第二十二节都有一对刺，且刺的大小交替。第五和更后面的节刺上有三到六对较小的刺，大约位在刺与前附肢的连接点。在第十三到第二十二节的背缘有着六根小刺，且会逐渐变大。在最后一节有两根刺。^[1]^[2]

前附肢全长32至33毫米，可能有超过20个节，每节的外观类似于长方形。每节都有一对类似针的刺，且愈末端愈短。在化石上虽然有发现到刺上面有着更小的刺，但是大多发现都是光滑且没有小刺在上的，在末端的节上只有一根弯曲的刺，且每个前附肢末端的三分之一的背缘都有刺。^[2]

分类[编辑]

似奇虾属的分类具有争议，一种是认为是似奇虾属属于奇虾科和抱怪虫科的类群^[1]^[2]^[6]^[7]^[8]，另一种则是归类在放射齿目的奇虾亚目的基群物种。^[9]^[10]^[3]

Joseph Moysiuk和Jean-Bernard Caron提出的分类图：^[8]

真节肢动物 Euarthropoda

薄刃虾属 Laminacaris

奇虾属 Anomalocaris、侯氏虾属 Houcaris

抱怪虫属 Amplectobelua、里拉琴虫属 Lyrarapax

	关山虾属 Guanshancaris

	兰氏虾属 Ramskoeldia

	似奇虾属 Paranomalocaris

筛虾科 Tamisiocarididae

赫德虾科 Hurdiidae

叶足动物 Lobopodia、有鳃叶足动物＂Gilled lobopodians＂、等刺虫目（英语：Isoxyida） Isoxyida

Gaëtan J.-M. Potin和Allison C. Daley提出的分类图：^[3]

胡桃夹子虫属 Caryosyntrips

	似奇虾属 Paranomalocaris

	抱怪虫科 Amplectobeluidae

	奇虾科 Anomalocarididae

	筛虾科 Tamisiocarididae

	赫德虾科 Hurdiidae

次足类（英语：Deuteropoda） Deuteropoda

参考资料[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue. New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013-06-07, 58 (32) [2024-06-16]. ISSN 1001-6538. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x. （原始内容存档于2022-09-22）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 Jiao, De-guang; Pates, Stephen; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Ortega-Hernandez, Javier; Yang, Jie; Lan, Tian; Zhang, Xi-guang. The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan biota of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2021, 66 [2024-06-17]. ISSN 0567-7920. doi:10.4202/app.00870.2020. （原始内容存档于2023-04-20）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Potin, Gaëtan J.-M.; Daley, Allison C. The significance of Anomalocaris and other Radiodonta for understanding paleoecology and evolution during the Cambrian explosion. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2023-05-09, 11. ISSN 2296-6463. doi:10.3389/feart.2023.1160285.
^ Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue. New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013-06-07, 58 (32). ISSN 1001-6538. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x.
^ Zhang, Mingjing; Wu, Yu; Lin, Weiliang; Ma, Jiaxin; Wu, Yuheng; Fu, Dongjing. Amplectobeluid Radiodont Guanshancaris gen. nov. from the Lower Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Lagerstätte of South China: Biostratigraphic and Paleobiogeographic Implications. Biology. 2023-04-11, 12 (4). ISSN 2079-7737. doi:10.3390/biology12040583.
^ Van Roy, Peter; Daley, Allison C.; Briggs, Derek E. G. Anomalocaridid trunk limb homology revealed by a giant filter-feeder with paired flaps. Nature. 2015-03-11, 522 (7554). ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature14256.
^ Cong, C; Ma, M; Hou, H; Edgecombe, E; Strausfeld, S. Brain structure resolves the segmental affinity of anomalocaridid appendages. MorphoBank datasets. 2015 [2024-01-17]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-17）.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard. Exceptional multifunctionality in the feeding apparatus of a mid-Cambrian radiodont. Paleobiology. 2021-05-17, 47 (4). ISSN 0094-8373. doi:10.1017/pab.2021.19.
^ Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Pates, Stephen. New suspension-feeding radiodont suggests evolution of microplanktivory in Cambrian macronekton. Nature Communications. 2018-09-14, 9 (1) [2024-01-17]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06229-7. （原始内容存档于2021-10-07）.
^ Liu, Jianni; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Steiner, Michael; Dunlop, Jason A; Shu, Degan; Paterson, John R. Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan. National Science Review. 2018-06-01, 5 (6). ISSN 2095-5138. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy057.

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue. New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013-06-07, 58 (32) [2024-06-16]. ISSN 1001-6538. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x. （原始内容存档于2022-09-22）.

[:1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 Jiao, De-guang; Pates, Stephen; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Ortega-Hernandez, Javier; Yang, Jie; Lan, Tian; Zhang, Xi-guang. The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan biota of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2021, 66 [2024-06-17]. ISSN 0567-7920. doi:10.4202/app.00870.2020. （原始内容存档于2023-04-20）.

[:2-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Potin, Gaëtan J.-M.; Daley, Allison C. The significance of Anomalocaris and other Radiodonta for understanding paleoecology and evolution during the Cambrian explosion. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2023-05-09, 11. ISSN 2296-6463. doi:10.3389/feart.2023.1160285.

[4] Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue. New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013-06-07, 58 (32). ISSN 1001-6538. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x.

[5] Zhang, Mingjing; Wu, Yu; Lin, Weiliang; Ma, Jiaxin; Wu, Yuheng; Fu, Dongjing. Amplectobeluid Radiodont Guanshancaris gen. nov. from the Lower Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Lagerstätte of South China: Biostratigraphic and Paleobiogeographic Implications. Biology. 2023-04-11, 12 (4). ISSN 2079-7737. doi:10.3390/biology12040583.

[6] Van Roy, Peter; Daley, Allison C.; Briggs, Derek E. G. Anomalocaridid trunk limb homology revealed by a giant filter-feeder with paired flaps. Nature. 2015-03-11, 522 (7554). ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature14256.

[7] Cong, C; Ma, M; Hou, H; Edgecombe, E; Strausfeld, S. Brain structure resolves the segmental affinity of anomalocaridid appendages. MorphoBank datasets. 2015 [2024-01-17]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-17）.

[:3-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard. Exceptional multifunctionality in the feeding apparatus of a mid-Cambrian radiodont. Paleobiology. 2021-05-17, 47 (4). ISSN 0094-8373. doi:10.1017/pab.2021.19.

[9] Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Pates, Stephen. New suspension-feeding radiodont suggests evolution of microplanktivory in Cambrian macronekton. Nature Communications. 2018-09-14, 9 (1) [2024-01-17]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06229-7. （原始内容存档于2021-10-07）.

[10] Liu, Jianni; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Steiner, Michael; Dunlop, Jason A; Shu, Degan; Paterson, John R. Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan. National Science Review. 2018-06-01, 5 (6). ISSN 2095-5138. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy057.

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