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羅馬尼亞皇家空軍
Aeronautica Regală Română
羅馬尼亞皇家空軍國徽 (1941–1944)
存在時期	1924年–1947年
國家或地區	罗马尼亚王国
效忠於	羅馬尼亞國王
種類	空軍
功能	空戰
直屬	皇家羅馬尼亞武裝部隊
駐軍/總部	布加勒斯特
別稱	ARR
專用顏色	黃色和藍色
參與戰役	二次大戰 匈牙利入侵外西凡尼亞 東戰線 西方盟軍在羅馬尼亞的戰役 布達佩斯攻勢 布拉提斯拉瓦—布爾諾攻勢 布拉格攻勢
指挥官
航空總監察長	卡羅爾二世 (1924-1925)
空軍和海軍部長	拉杜·伊里梅斯庫 (1936-1938)
標識
國籍標誌 (1924–1941, 1944–1949)
國籍標誌 (1941–1944)
垂直尾翅識別標記

活躍於二次大戰的羅馬尼亞皇家軍隊的航空部隊，其正式名稱為「羅馬尼亞皇家航空軍」（Aeronautica Regală Română ，縮寫ARR），但在英文中，它更常被稱為「羅馬尼亞皇家空軍」（Forțele Aeriene Regale ale României，FARR），或簡稱「羅馬尼亞空軍」（Forțele Aeriene Române）。它為陸軍提供支援，或在其他任務之間進行偵察和空襲。

歷史沿革

二次大戰前

羅馬尼亞皇家空軍成軍於1924年1月1日，由前羅馬尼亞航空兵團改組而來。隨後，1932年在戰爭部內成立了空軍副部長（ Subsecretariatul de Stat al Aerului），1936年又成立了空軍和海軍部（一直存在到1940年）。1920年至1940年間，羅馬尼亞軍事航空部隊不斷發展，接收本國設計或取得生產授權製造的新型飛機。由於飛機和飛行員數量的增加，空軍司令部於1929年決定將現有的4個航空大隊擴編為航空艦隊（聯隊級）。到1940年，其他航空隊也相繼成軍。

在1940年匈牙利吞併北外西凡尼亞之前，羅馬尼亞皇家空軍曾與匈牙利皇家空軍（Magyar Királyi Honvéd Légierö）交戰。在匈牙利入侵羅馬尼亞領空之後，配備亨克爾He 112戰鬥機的第1戰鬥航空艦隊第51中隊被帶到克盧日的索梅謝尼機場，以增援裝備老式PZL P.11戰鬥機的第2戰鬥航空艦隊。1940年8月28日，尼可萊·波利祖-米克什內什蒂中尉（Locotenent Nicolae Polizu-Micșunești）駕駛的一架亨克爾戰機在貝爾韋尼附近擊落了一架匈牙利卡普羅尼 Ca.135轟炸機。

第二次世界大戰

參見羅馬尼亞第1航空軍

1941–1943

羅馬尼亞參加二次大戰時，皇家空軍擁有621架飛機。其中約253架飛機被編入空中戰鬥群，與德國空軍並肩作戰，向烏克蘭和克里米亞推進，直至史達林格勒戰役。 羅馬尼亞皇家空軍也和保加利亞部隊一起在黑海上空執行了一些偵察和巡邏任務。羅國空軍的任務是普洛耶什蒂石油設施的防空任務，以及保護首都布加勒斯特免受盟軍空襲，並保護黑海的軸心國運輸船團。這些部隊在美國陸軍航空軍和英國皇家空軍襲擊羅馬尼亞期間與其作戰。

羅馬尼亞的飛機除了本國製造者之外，也有來自德國和波蘭等國的外國飛機，或是在戰場上繳獲的前敵軍飛機。使用的戰鬥機主要型號包括PZL P.24 E、霍克颶風、亨克爾 He 112、梅塞施密特 Bf 109 E 和 G 型、梅塞施密特 Bf 110（用於夜間防禦）、IAR 80和IAR 81。魯曼尼恩聯合艦隊司令指揮的德國空軍攔截機部隊也部署在該地區。轟炸機部隊主要由羅馬尼亞製造的IAR 79和德國提供的亨克爾 He 111、容克斯 Ju 87和容克斯 Ju 88組成。亨舍爾 Hs 129 攻擊機也被使用。自 1943 年起，從德國武裝部隊購買的飛機（例如 Bf 109G、He 111、Hs 129、Ju 87 和 Ju 88）均歸德國所有，以便更好地彌補戰鬥和事故中的損失。

The ARR flew aircraft from Germany and Poland, with their own and other foreign aircraft, as well as captured aircraft. The main models of fighter aircraft used include the PZL P.24E, Hawker Hurricane, Heinkel He 112, Messerschmitt Bf 109E and G types, Messerschmitt Bf 110 (for night defence), IAR 80 and IAR 81 were also used. Luftwaffe interceptor units under the command of Jagdfliegerführer Rumänien were also deployed in the area. The bomber force mainly consisted of Romanian-built IAR 79s, and German supplied Heinkel He 111s, Junkers Ju 87s, and Junkers Ju 88s. Henschel Hs 129 attack aircraft were also used. From 1943, airplanes purchased from the German armed forces such as the Bf 109G, He 111, Hs 129, Ju 87 and Ju 88 maintained German ownership to better facilitate replacement of losses in combat and accidents.

1944–1945

1944 年 8 月 23 日政變後，羅馬尼亞轉而反對軸心國。 ARR 現已與蘇聯空軍結盟，在特蘭西瓦尼亞和捷克斯洛伐克與德國和匈牙利軍隊作戰。在布加勒斯特上空與德國人進行的初次戰鬥中，羅馬尼亞皇家空軍聲稱擊落了 22 架德國飛機，其中包括三架Me 323 巨無霸，另外還有五架飛機在地面被摧毀，而羅馬尼亞空中損失了四架飛機，地面損失了 30 架飛機。[ 7 ]截至8月30日，德國共摧毀飛機59架，其中大部分是轟炸機。羅馬尼亞的 He 111 和 Ju 87 轟炸機還在多瑙河上擊沉了多艘船隻。 [ 8 ]從 1944 年 9 月 4 日到戰爭結束，雙方共擊落敵機 126 架，損失飛機30 架。總共損失的飛機數量約為176架，主要原因是事故。[ 3 ] [ 9 ] ARR 的最後一次正式勝利發生在 1945 年 2 月 25 日，當時副官康斯坦丁·尼科拉擊落了一架Bf 109K-4。[ 10 ] 1945 年 5 月 4 日，一架蘇聯雅克-3與另一架雅克-3 戰鬥機在與兩架羅馬尼亞 Bf 109 交戰時也被擊落。羅馬尼亞文件中沒有正式記錄這場勝利。[ 11 ] After the 23 August 1944 coup d'état, Romania turned against the Axis. The ARR, now allied with the Soviet Air Forces fought against German and Hungarian forces in Transylvania and Czechoslovakia. During initial combat with the Germans over Bucharest, the ARR claimed 22 German aircraft shot down, including three Me 323 Gigant, and a further five other aircraft destroyed on the ground, while losses amounted to four Romanian aircraft in the air and 30 on the ground. The total number of German aircraft destroyed until 30 August was 59, mostly bombers. Several ships were also sunk on the Danube by Romanian He 111 and Ju 87 bombers. Between 4 September 1944 and the end of the war, 126 enemy aircraft were claimed in battle to the loss of 30 aircraft. The total number of lost aircraft was around 176, mainly due to accidents. The last official victory of the ARR happened on 25 February 1945, when Adjutant Constantin Nicoară shot down a Bf 109K-4. A Soviet Yak-3 which engaged two Romanian Bf 109s together with another Yak-3, was also shot down on 4 May 1945. The victory was not officially credited in Romanian documents.

戰後

1945 年 8 月 12 日羅馬尼亞航空部隊從前線返回後，羅馬尼亞後備隊根據盟軍管制委員會的命令進行了重組。新的組織包括以下部隊：配備 Bf 109 戰鬥機的第 1 戰鬥機艦隊、配備 IAR 80/81 戰鬥機的第 2 戰鬥機艦隊、配備亨舍爾Hs 129攻擊機的第 3 突擊艦隊、配備容克斯Ju 87俯衝機隊的第 4 1975 900 92 容的第 6情報艦隊、水上航空艦隊、第 7 空中運輸艦隊和航空站艦隊，均由航空師指揮。[ 3 ] [ 12 ]到 1946 年，ARR 共有各型飛機 953 架在役，然而，根據1947 年《巴黎和平條約》的規定，飛機數量必須減至 150 架，其中作戰飛機 100 架，教練機 50 架。[ 13 ]

1948年，羅馬尼亞武裝部隊開始依照蘇聯模式進行重組。 1949年，空軍進行重組，成立航空司令部，各艦隊仿照蘇聯空軍模式改組為航空團。[ 3 ] [ 14 ] After the return of the Romanian aviation units from the front on 12 August 1945, the ARR was reorganized by order of the Allied Control Commission. The new organization included the following units: the 1st Fighter Flotilla equipped with Bf 109 fighters, the 2nd Fighter Flotilla equipped with IAR 80/81 fighters, the 3rd Assault Flotilla with Henschel Hs 129 attack aircraft, the 4th Dive Flotilla with Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers, the 5th Heavy Bomber Flotilla with Junkers Ju 88 and IAR 79 bombers, the 6th Information Flotilla with IAR 39 reconnaissance aircraft, the Hydroaviation Flotilla, the 7th Air Transport Flotilla and the Aerostation Flotilla, all under the command of the Aviation Division. By 1946, the ARR had 953 aircraft of various types in service, however, following the conditions imposed by the Paris Peace Treaties of 1947 that number had to be reduced to 150 aircraft – 100 combat aircraft, 50 training aircraft.

In 1948, the Romanian Armed Forces began reorganizing based on the Soviet model. The Air Force was reorganized in 1949 with the establishment of the Aviation Command and the flotillas being converted to aviation regiments following the Soviet Air Force model.

羅馬尼亞王牌飛行員

參見二次大戰羅馬尼亞王牌飛行員列表

20世紀30年代第2護衛航空艦隊中校的大禮服

• Horia Agarici
• Constantin Cantacuzino
• Cristea Chirvăsuță
• Traian Dârjan
• Ioan Dicezare
• Ion Dobran
• Tudor Greceanu
• Constantin Lungulescu
• Ioan Maga
• Ioan Mălăcescu
• Ion Milu
• Gheorghe Mociorniță
• Ion Mucenica
• Alexandru Șerbănescu
• Dan Valentin Vizanty

Structure

参见：List of Romanian Air Force units § WW2

Messerschmitt Bf 109E no. 35 at Stalingrad, 1942

• Corpul 1 Aerian, under orders of Luftwaffe, Luftflotte 4 – South Russia Front, 1943–44; Cioara-Doicești, Romania August 1944.
• Corpul 2 Aerian, 1 April 1944 – 18 August 1944, renamed Corpul 3 Aerian
• Corpul 3 Aerian, 18 August 1944 – 3 December 1944

Fighter units

A Romanian Bf 109G-6, 1944

• 1st Fighter Group (Grupul 1 Vânătoare)
  • 43rd Fighter Squadron
  • 63rd Fighter Squadron
  • 64th Fighter Squadron
• 2nd Fighter Group (Grupul 2 Vânătoare)
  • 65th Fighter Squadron
  • 66th Fighter Squadron
  • 67th Fighter Squadron
  • 50th Fighter Squadron
• 3rd Fighter Group (Grupul 3 Vânătoare)
  • 41st Fighter Squadron
  • 44th Fighter Squadron
  • 49th Fighter Squadron
• 4th Fighter Group (Grupul 4 Vânătoare)
  • 45th Fighter Squadron
  • 46th Fighter Squadron
• 5th Fighter Group (Grupul 5 Vânătoare)
  • 51st Fighter Squadron - 10th Fighter Squadron until October 1939
  • 52nd Fighter Squadron - 11th Fighter Squadron until October 1939
  • 53rd Fighter Squadron
• 6th Fighter Group (Grupul 6 Vânătoare)
  • 59th Fighter Squadron
  • 61st Fighter Squadron
  • 62nd Fighter Squadron
• 7th Fighter Group (Grupul 7 Vânătoare)
  • 56th Fighter Squadron
  • 57th Fighter Squadron
  • 58th Fighter Squadron
• 8th Fighter Group (Grupul 8 Vânătoare) - from 1941 – 1943
  • 41st Fighter Squadron
  • 42nd Fighter Squadron
  • 60th Fighter Squadron
• 9th Fighter Group (Grupul 9 Vânătoare)
  • 47th Fighter Squadron
  • 48th Fighter Squadron
  • 56th Fighter Squadron
• 1st Night Fighter Squadron (Escadrila 1 Vânătoare de Noapte)

Bomber units

Romanian Heinkel He 111H bombers

• 1st Bomber Group (Grupul 1 Bombardament)
  • 71st Bomber Squadron
  • 72nd Bomber Squadron
• 2nd Bomber Group (Grupul 2 Bombardament)
  • 82nd Bomber Squadron
  • 83rd Bomber Squadron
• 3rd Bomber/Dive Bomber Group (Grupul 3 Bombardament/picaj)
  • 73rd Bomber/Dive Squadron
  • 81st Bomber/Dive Squadron
  • 85th Bomber/Dive Squadron
• 4th Bomber Group (Grupul 4 Bombardament)
  • 76th Bomber Squadron
  • 78th Bomber Squadron
• 5th Bomber Group (Grupul 5 Bombardament)
  • 77th Bomber Squadron
  • 79th Bomber Squadron
  • 80th Bomber Squadron
• 6th Bomber / Dive Bomber Group (Grupul 6 Bombardament/picaj)
  • 74th Bomber/Dive Squadron
  • 86st Bomber/Dive Squadron
  • 87th Bomber/Dive Squadron
• 7th Light Bomber Group (Grupul 7 Bombardament Ușor)
  • 17th Light Bomber Squadron
  • 18th Light Bomber Squadron
• 8th Assault Group (Grupul 8 Asalt) - formed from the 8th Fighter Group
  • 41st Assault Squadron - ex-41st Fighter Squadron
  • 42nd Assault Squadron - ex-42nd Fighter Squadron
  • 60th Assault Squadron - ex-60th Fighter Squadron

Reconnaissance Units

A preserved Junkers Ju 88D-1 in the National Museum of the United States Air Force, painted with the Romanian markings it carried during the war

• 1st Long Range Recon Group (Grupul 1 Recunoaștere Îndepărtată)
  • 1st Long Range Recon Squadron
  • 2nd Long Range Recon Squadron
  • 3rd Long Range Recon Squadron
  • 4th Long Range Recon Squadron
• 1st Guard Group (Grupul 1 Gardă)
  • 11th Observation Squadron
  • 12th Observation Squadron
• 2nd Guard Group (Grupul 2 Gardă)
  • 13th Observation Squadron
  • 14th Observation Squadron
• 19th, 20th, 21st, and 22nd Observation squadrons

Transport Units

• Air Transport Group (Grupul de Aero-Transport)
  • 105th Transport Squadron
  • 106th Transport Squadron
  • 107th Transport Squadron
  • 108th Light Transport Squadron - known as Escadrila Albă ("White Squadron")
  • 109th Glider Transport Squadron

Liaison Units

• 111th, 112th, 113th, 115th, 116th Liaison Squadrons (Escadrile de Legătură)

Aircraft companies

IAR 81 no. 91 in 1943.

• Arsenalul Aeronautic, 1919-1939, Bucharest
• Astra Aircraft Factory, 1923-1925, Arad
• Societatea Pentru Exploatări Tehnice (SET), 1923-1946, Bucharest
• Industria Aeronautică Română (IAR), 1925-1947 (re-established in 1968), Brașov
• Întreprinderea de Construcții Aeronautice Românești (ICAR), 1932-1951, Bucharest

Aircraft constructed under foreign license or assembled

• Messerschmitt Bf 109G (62 109Ga-6 converted from Ga-4 kits, 49 109Ga-2 and 13 109Ga-4 assembled by IAR between 1943 and 1948)
• SM.79B (48 JRS-79B and 38 JRS-79B1 built by IAR)
• Fieseler Fi 156 Storch (80 ordered from ICAR)
• Fleet 10G (40 by built by IAR, 80 by SET and 285 by ICAR)
• PZL P.11f (95 aircraft built by IAR)
• PZL P.24E (25 aircraft built by IAR)
• Potez 25 (217 built under license by IAR)
• Savoia-Marchetti SM.62 (5 built by IAR and ICAR)

Enemy aircraft interned or captured

更多信息：List of aircraft of the Romanian Air Force § Interned

As a result of the German-Soviet Invasion of Poland, a large number of Polish Air Force aircraft were interned in Romania. Also, some Soviet aircraft were captured during World War II, as well as a few American B-24 Liberator bombers.

Aircraft of RRAF

主条目：List of aircraft of the Romanian Air Force § Interwar period和List of aircraft of the Romanian Air Force § World War II

Aircraft manufactured in Romania from 1924 until the end of World War II

All of the aircraft listed below were completed before the end of World War II. Prototypes are omitted from the list. Unless specified otherwise, all aircraft machine guns have the caliber of 7.92 mm:

Model	Type	Number	Armament
Proto 2	Training	25	Unarmed
SET 7K	Training, communication, observation	20	2 x 7.7 mm Lewis guns (twin mount)
SET 7KB	Reconnaissance and observation	20	2 x 7.7 mm Lewis guns (twin mount) 1 x 7.7 mm Vickers machine gun 6 x 12 kg bombs
SET 7KD	Communication	20	1 x 7.7 mm Lewis gun
Potez 25	Reconnaissance bomber	217	3 x 7.7 mm machine guns 200 kg of bombs
IAR 37	Light bomber	50	4 x Browning machine guns 12 x 50 kg bombs
IAR 38	Reconnaissance and artillery spotting	75	3 x Browning machine guns 24 x 12 kg bombs
IAR 39	Reconnaissance and light bomber	255	3 x Browning machine guns 24 x 12 kg bombs
Fieseler Fi 156	Reconnaissance and communications	46	1 x MG 15 machine gun
Fleet 10G	Training and communications	415	Unarmed
PZL P.11f	Fighter	95	4 x FN Browning machine guns 24 x 12 kg bombs (38) Grenade launchers (57)
PZL P.24E	Fighter	25	2 x machine guns 2 x 20 mm cannons 2 x 50 kg (110 lb) bombs Grenade launchers
Bf 109Ga-2	Fighter	49	1 x 20 mm/3 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons 2 x MG 17 machine guns 1 x 500 kg/4 x 50 kg bomb(s)
Bf 109Ga-4	Fighter	13	1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon 2 x MG 17 machine guns 1 x 250 kg/4 x 50 kg bomb(s)
Bf 109Ga-6	Fighter	62	1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon 2 x 13 mm MG 131 heavy machine guns 1 x 250 kg bomb
IAR 80	Fighter	50	4 x FN Browning machine guns
IAR 80A	Fighter	90	6 x FN Browning machine guns
IAR 80B	Fighter	50	2 x 13.2 mm FN Browning heavy machine guns 4 x FN Browning machine guns
IAR 80C	Fighter	60	2 x 20 mm Ikaria autocannons 4 x FN Browning machine guns
IAR 81	Fighter and dive bomber	50	6 x FN Browning machine guns (4 for 10 of them) 2 x 13.2 mm FN Browning heavy machine gun (10 of them) 1 x 225 bomb 2 x 50 kg bombs
IAR 81C	Fighter	150	2 x 20 mm MG 151 autocannons 2 x FN Browning machine guns 2 x Werfer-Granate 21 (tested on one aircraft in 1944)
JRS-79B	Bomber	36	5 x machine guns 1,575 kg of bombs
JRS-79B1	Bomber	31	1 x 20 mm Ikaria autocannon 7 x machine guns 1,400 kg of bombs
Savoia-Marchetti SM.62	Flying boat	5	4 x machine guns 600 kg of bombs

Aircraft Markings

The roundel of the ARR was based on the national cockade of Romania. During World War Two, from 1941 to 1944, the national cockade was reduced in size and placed in the center of a four-M cross, the seal of King Michael I of Romania. These crosses came in different types and sizes as there was no standard model. The markings were placed on the fuselage as well as on the upper and lower wings, and the national colours were painted on the tail. According to Axis regulations, the engine cowling, the under-surfaces of the wingtips and a vertical band on the fuselage ahead of the tail were painted in yellow. After Romania joined the Allies, the crosses were changed back to the tricolor roundels on the fuselage and wings, and the yellow markings were painted white as "Allied identification markings".

• 
  Roundel used for aircraft and vehicles from 1924 to 1941, 1944 to 1949.
• 
  Marking used by the Air Force, and the Army from 1 May 1941 to 3 September 1944.
• 
  Cross used only on the IAR-80/81.

軍階及標誌

主条目：Military ranks of the Kingdom of Romania

1941年型飛行員翼章

Officers

軍官

排行	將官								校官						尉官
階級標示
羅馬尼亞文	Mareșal		General inspector		General comandant		General de escadră aeriană		Comandor		Căpitan-comandor		Locotenent-comandor		Căpitan		Locotenent			Sublocotenent
中文	羅馬尼亞元帥		上將		中將		少將		上校		中校		少校		上尉		中尉			少尉

士官與士兵

排行	上級士官																下級士官						士兵
階級標示
羅馬尼亞文	Adjutant șef		Adjutant major		Adjutant						Adjutant stagiar						Sergent				Caporal		Fruntaș						Soldat
中文	首席副官（總士官長）		副官長（士官長）		副官（副士官長）						見習副官（上士）						中士				下士		上等兵						普通兵

參考書目

• Axworthy, Mark. Flank Guard: Romania's Advance on Stalingrad, Part Two. Air Enthusiast. September–October 1999, (65): 72–75. ISSN 0143-5450. 
• Antoniu, Dan. Illustrated History of Romanian Aeronautics. 2014. ISBN 978-973-0-17209-6. 
• Bernád, Dénes. Courrier des Lecteurs [Readers' Letters]. Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire. July 1999, (76): 15–16. ISSN 1243-8650 （French）.  引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link)
• Bernád, Dénes. Histoire des forces aeriennes royales roumaines pendant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale [History of the Royal Romanian Air Force During the Second World War]. Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et Son Histoire. May 1999, (74): 7–13. ISSN 1243-8650 （French）.  引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link)
• Bernád, Dénes. Histoire des forces aeriennes royales roumaines pendant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale. Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et Son Histoire. June 1999, (75): 7–14. ISSN 1243-8650 （French）.  引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link)
• Bernád, Dénes. Rumanian Aces of World War 2. Osprey Publishing. 20 June 2003. ISBN 978-1-84176-535-8. 
• Moroșanu, Teodor Liviu; Melinte, Dan. Romanian Fighter Colours 1941-1945. MMPBooks. 2010. ISBN 978-83-89450-90-6. 
• Passingham, Malcolm & Noël, Jean. Les avions militaires roumains de 1910 à 1945 [Romanian Military Aircraft from 1910 to 1945]. Le Fana de l'Aviation. September 1989, (238): 34–40. ISSN 0757-4169 （法语）. 
• Passingham, Malcolm & Noël, Jean. Les avions militaires roumains de 1910 à 1945 (2) [Romanian Military Aircraft from 1910 to 1945, Part 2]. Le Fana de l'Aviation. October 1989, (239): 14–21. ISSN 0757-4169 （法语）. 
• Passingham, Malcolm & Noël, Jean. Les avions militaires roumains de 1910 à 1945 (3) [Romanian Military Aircraft from 1910 to 1945, Part 3]. Le Fana de l'Aviation. November 1989, (240): 14–22. ISSN 0757-4169 （法语）. 
• Passingham, Malcolm & Noël, Jean. Les avions militaires roumains de 1910 à 1945 (4) [Romanian Military Aircraft from 1910 to 1945, Part 4]. Le Fana de l'Aviation. December 1989, (241): 33–36. ISSN 0757-4169 （法语）. 
• Passingham, Malcolm & Noël, Jean. Les avions militaires roumains de 1910 à 1945 (5) [Romanian Military Aircraft from 1910 to 1945, Part 5]. Le Fana de l'Aviation. January 1990, (242): 40–43. ISSN 0757-4169 （法语）. 
• Passingham, Malcolm & Noël, Jean. Les avions militaires roumains de 1910 à 1945 (6) [Romanian Military Aircraft from 1910 to 1945, Part 6]. Le Fana de l'Aviation. February 1990, (243): 38–42. ISSN 0757-4169 （法语）. 
• Passingham, Malcolm & Noël, Jean. Les avions militaires roumains de 1910 à 1945 (7) [Romanian Military Aircraft from 1910 to 1945, Part 7]. Le Fana de l'Aviation. March 1990, (244): 37–41. ISSN 0757-4169 （法语）. 
• Passingham, Malcolm; Noël, Jean. Les avions militaires roumains de 1910 à 1945 (8) [Romanian Military Aircraft from 1910 to 1945, Part 8]. Le Fana de l'Aviation. April 1990, (245): 42–46. ISSN 0757-4169 （法语）. 

外部連結

• Official site of the Romanian Air Force