行動後檢討
行動後檢討（英語：after action review, AAR）， 又譯行動後學習、行動後反思、行動後回顧，是流程改进的工具，透過檢討行动的预期结果和实际结果，改進行動。[1][2] 最初，美国陆军開發行動後檢討（AAR），作為任務檢討工具。 [3]美国所有军种，以及许多其他非美国组织，均采用正式的行動後檢討（AAR）。 [4] 廣泛應用下，行動後檢討（AAR）扩展至商业领域，成为知识管理工具。 [5]
一輪行動後檢討（AAR）循環中，领导者須确立意图、规划、准备、行动和檢討。 [6] 行動後檢討（AAR）不同於汇报，需先對预期结果与实际的结果进行比较。 [1] 行動後檢討（AAR）与事后分析的不同之处在于，行動後檢討（AAR）严格关注参与者自身的行为；参与者須將审查中的经验教训付诸实践。 [7] 參與者不會为其他人提供建议。 [7]
参见
[编辑]参考
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Cronin, Gerard; Andrews, Steven. After action reviews: a new model for learning: Gerard Cronin and Steven Andrews explain why after action reviews are an ideal model for healthcare professionals to analyse and learn from events. Emergency Nurse. 2 June 2009, 17 (3): 32–35. PMID 19552332. doi:10.7748/en2009.06.17.3.32.c7090. ProQuest 218273304.
- ^ Darling, Marilyn; Parry, Charles; Moore, Joseph. Learning in the Thick of Learning in the Thick of It. July 2005 [1 October 2022].
- ^ Morrison, John E.; Meliza, Larry L. Foundations of the After Action Review Process. Defense Technical Information Center. 1 July 1999.
- ^ Sawyer, Taylor Lee; Deering, Shad. Adaptation of the US Army's After-Action Review for Simulation Debriefing in Healthcare. Simulation in Healthcare. December 2013, 8 (6): 388–397. PMID 24096913. S2CID 35341227. doi:10.1097/SIH.0b013e31829ac85c
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- ^ Levy, Moria. Knowledge retention: minimizing organizational business loss. Journal of Knowledge Management. 19 July 2011, 15 (4): 582–600. doi:10.1108/13673271111151974.
- ^ Baird, Lloyd; Holland, Phil; Deacon, Sandra. Learning from action: Imbedding more learning into the performance fast enough to make a difference. Organizational Dynamics. March 1999, 27 (4): 19–32. doi:10.1016/S0090-2616(99)90027-X.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Beatty, Carol Anne. Managing Change: The Easy, Hard and Tough Work. 2016. ISBN 978-0-88886-568-7.
外部連結
[编辑]- Homeland Security Digital Library Leader's Guide to After-Action Reviews (Alternate Title: Army Training Circular 25-20: Leader's Guide to After-Action Reviews).
- UNICEF After Action Review, September 2015