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井宿三

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井宿三(雙子座γ)
Diagram showing star positions and boundaries of the Gemini constellation and its surroundings    
Location of γ Geminorum (circled)
觀測資料
曆元 J2000
星座 雙子座
星官 井宿
赤經 06h 37m 42.71050s[1]
赤緯 +16° 23′ 57.4095″[1]
視星等(V) 1.915[2]
特性
光谱分类A1 IV[3]
U−B 色指数+0.137[2]
B−V 色指数+0.005[2]
天体测定
徑向速度 (Rv)-12.5[4] km/s
自行 (μ) 赤经:+13.81[1] mas/yr
赤纬:-54.96[1] mas/yr
视差 (π)29.84 ± 2.23[1] mas
距离109 ± 8 ly
(34 ± 3 pc)
軌道[5]
繞行週期 (P)4,614.51 days
偏心率 (e)0.8933 ± 0.0013
近心点 曆元 (T)244399.13 ± 0.77
近心點幅角 (ω)
(secondary)
312.60 ± 0.60°
半振幅 (K1)
(primary)
11.881 ± 0.068 km/s
詳細資料
質量2.81[6] M
半徑3.3[7] R
表面重力 (log g)3.60[8]
亮度123[7] L
溫度9,260[8] K
金属量 [Fe/H]–0.12[8] dex
自轉速度 (v sin i)15[9] km/s
其他命名
Alhena, 24 Geminorum, BD +16°1223, FK5 251, GCTP1539.00, HIP 31681, HD 47105, HR 2421, SAO 95912.[1][10]

井宿三(雙子座γ)是雙子座第三亮的恆星,英文的固有名稱是AlhenaAlmeisan。它的視星等為1.9等[2],即使在城市區域也很容易就能以裸眼看見。依據依巴谷衛星測量的視差,它與地球的距離大約是109光年(33秒差距[1]

性質

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井宿三是一顆已經耗盡核心供應的氫,演化進入次巨星階段的恆星。它的光譜與恆星分類的A0 IV相匹配[3]。相較於太陽,質量是2.8倍[6],半徑是3.3倍[7],輻射的光度大約是太陽的123倍[7],從它外層的有效溫度大約是9,260K[8],使它的色調成為一顆典型的白色星[11]

這是一顆分光聯星,系統是有著高離心率克卜勒軌道,週期12.6年(4,614.51天)[5]

語源

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井宿三的英文名字Alhena出自阿拉伯的الهنعه Al Han'ah,意思為"頭部"(駱駝的頸部);另一個備用的名字Almeisan 是阿拉伯語的المیسان Al Maisan,意思是閃耀的Al Hanʽah的名稱與下列的恆星相關聯,包括井宿一(雙子座μ,Tejat Posterior)、井宿二(雙子座ν)、(雙子座η,Tejat Prior)和井宿四(雙子座ξ,Alzirr)。它們也與Al Nuḥātai相關聯,是有著雙峰的駱駝[12]

Calendarium of Al Achsasi Al Mouakket這本恆星目錄中,這顆恆星的名稱是, Nir al Henat,是從拉丁文 Prima του al Henat翻過去的,意思是明亮的Al Henat[13]

中文井宿 (Jǐng Su)是中國的星官,類似於西方的星座,屬於這個星官的有雙子座γ、μ(井宿一)、ν(井宿二)、ξ(井宿四)、ε(井宿五)、36(井宿六)、ζ(井宿七)、λ(井宿八[14]。雙子座γ是井宿三(Jǐng Su sān,意思就是井宿的第三顆星[15]

在文化

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Alhena是一艘荷蘭船隻的名稱,這艘船在1927年10月從義大利郵輪馬法爾達公主號救出了許多人[16]。此外,美國的武裝貨船英语Amphibious cargo shipUSS Alhena (AKA-9)也以這顆恆星的名字命名。

参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 van Leeuwen, F., Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction, Astronomy and Astrophysics, November 2007, 474 (2): 653–664, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, arXiv:0708.1752可免费查阅, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Gutierrez-Moreno, Adelina; et al, A System of photometric standards 1, Publicaciones Universidad de Chile, Department de Astronomy: 1–17, 1966, Bibcode:1966PDAUC...1....1G 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Cowley, A.; et al, A study of the bright A stars. I. A catalogue of spectral classifications, Astronomical Journal, April 1969, 74: 375–406, Bibcode:1969AJ.....74..375C, doi:10.1086/110819 
  4. ^ Evans, D. S., The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities, Batten, Alan Henry; Heard, John Frederick (编), Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications, Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 30, University of Toronto: International Astronomical Union, June 20–24, 1966, Bibcode:1967IAUS...30...57E 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Lehmann, H.; et al, The spectroscopic binaries 21 Her and gamma Gem, Astronomy and Astrophysics, February 2002, 383: 558–567, Bibcode:2002A&A...383..558L, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011746 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Shaya, Ed J.; Olling, Rob P., Very Wide Binaries and Other Comoving Stellar Companions: A Bayesian Analysis of the Hipparcos Catalogue, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement, January 2011, 192 (1): 2, Bibcode:2011ApJS..192....2S, arXiv:1007.0425可免费查阅, doi:10.1088/0067-0049/192/1/2 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Malagnini, M. L.; Morossi, C., Accurate absolute luminosities, effective temperatures, radii, masses and surface gravities for a selected sample of field stars, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, November 1990, 85 (3): 1015–1019, Bibcode:1990A&AS...85.1015M 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Adelman, Saul J.; Philip, A. G. Davis, Elemental abundances of the B and A stars. 2: Gamma Geminorum, HD 60825, 7 Sextantis, HR 4817, and HR 5780, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Publications, December 1994, 106 (706): 1239–1247, Bibcode:1994PASP..106.1239A, doi:10.1086/133501 
  9. ^ Royer, F.; Zorec, J.; Gómez, A. E., Rotational velocities of A-type stars. III. Velocity distributions, Astronomy and Astrophysics, February 2007, 463 (2): 671–682, Bibcode:2007A&A...463..671R, arXiv:astro-ph/0610785可免费查阅, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065224 
  10. ^ ALHENA -- Spectroscopic binary, SIMBAD (Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg), [2012-02-04], (原始内容存档于2014-12-29) 
  11. ^ The Colour of Stars, Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), December 21, 2004 [2012-01-16], (原始内容存档于2012-03-10) 
  12. ^ Allen, R. H. Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning Reprint. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 1963: 234 [2010-12-12]. ISBN 0-486-21079-0. (原始内容存档于2012-07-15). 
  13. ^ Knobel, E. B. Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. June 1895, 55: 429. Bibcode:1895MNRAS..55..429K. doi:10.1093/mnras/55.8.429. 
  14. ^ (中文) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
  15. ^ (中文) 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
  16. ^ http://www.markos.it/quaderni/plata.htm页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Italian account of the Principessa Malfeda.