使用者:JuneAugust/臨時文字

T1

相關條目、注釋、參考文獻、延伸閱讀

T2

伊52の派遣の目的は伊30號により持ち帰ったドイツ製工業製品の製造技術の取得のために派遣された。當艦に便乗していたのは主に民間の技術者で ある。ドイツへの技術供與の対価として2トンの金塊、および當時のドイツで不足していたスズ・モリブデン・タングステンなど計228トンが積載されてい た。

アメリカ軍は訪獨潛水艦作戦に特別な関心を示し日本とドイツ間で交わされる無線を傍受、その動きを追い続けていた。 イ52は無線交信では「モミ」と呼ばれていた。

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用戶:JuneAugust/伊號第五二潛水艦

T3

http://homepage1.nifty.com/kitabatake/rikukaiguntop.html

http://cache.baidu.com/c?m=9f65cb4a8c8507ed4fece763104586330e54f7683c929b027fa3c215cc7958444463feb822231619d1c77f6503a8495eebf33570351420c0c18ed714c9fecf68798772672b4f914163864efc8b&p=c37cd116d9c811a05beb932c1c0e8c&newp=9a759a46d0c415e00be29f2913559c231610db2151d4d2122b9b&user=baidu&fm=sc&query=Gaia+Gear&qid=9b1e3f110e87c5e3&p1=12 GAIA GEAR

T4

帝國陸軍編制総覧

T5

[1] http://wenku.baidu.com/view/cecdd086ec3a87c24028c4c1.html

T6

http://www.wdic.org/d/MILI

T7

javascript:(function%20(s)%20{%20s.src="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:%E5%96%B5/langlinks_replace.js&action=raw";%20document.body.appendChild(s);%20})(document.createElement("script"))

T8

國語配音名單

基拉·大和/於正升 亞斯蘭·薩拉/丘台名、王瑞芹（幼年） 拉克絲·克萊因/詹雅菁 卡嘉麗·尤拉·阿斯哈/詹雅菁 芙蕾·阿露斯達/林美秀 美莉亞·赫/林美秀 賽·阿蓋爾/熊肇川 托爾·寇尼希/丘台名 卡茲·巴斯卡克/詹雅菁 瑪琉·拉米亞斯/王瑞芹→詹雅菁 娜塔爾·巴基露露/詹雅菁 穆·拉·布拉加/熊肇川 勞·盧·克魯謝/熊肇川→於正升 伊撒古·玖爾/於正升 迪亞加·艾爾斯曼/丘台名 尼哥路·阿瑪菲/林美秀 安德烈·巴特菲爾德/梁興昌 米蓋爾·艾曼/熊肇川

T9

關於similarly named ships, principles of government, and other uses，請見「Constitution (disambiguation)」。

Constitution under sail, 19 August 2012
歷史
US
艦名	USS Constitution
艦名出處	United States Constitution
下訂日	1 March 1794
建造者	Edmund Hartt's Shipyard
原始造價	$302,718 (1797)
鋪設龍骨	1 November 1794
下水日期	21 October 1797
首航日期	22 July 1798
更名	Old Constitution 1917 Constitution 1925
重新歸類	IX-21, 1941 No classification, 1 September 1975
母港	Charlestown Navy Yard
綽號	"Old Ironsides"
目前狀態	In active service
船徽
技術數據(As built ca. 1797)
船型	44-gun frigate
噸位	1,576
排水量	2,200 tons
船長	204英尺（62米） billet head to taffrail; 175英尺（53米） at waterline
型寬	43英尺6英寸（13.26米）
高度	foremast: 198英尺（60米） mainmast: 220英尺（67米） mizzenmast:172.5英尺（52.6米）
吃水	21英尺（6.4米） forward 23英尺（7.0米） aft
艙深	14英尺3英寸（4.34米）
甲板	Orlop, Berth, Gun, Spar
動力來源	Sail (three masts, ship rig)
帆索方案	42,710 sq ft（3,968 m2） on three masts
船速	13節（24公里每小時；15英里每小時）
艦載船	1 × 36英尺（11米） longboat 2 × 30英尺（9.1米） cutters 2 × 28英尺（8.5米） whaleboats 1 × 28英尺（8.5米） gig 1 × 22英尺（6.7米） jolly boat 1 × 14英尺（4.3米） punt
乘員	450 including 55 Marines and 30 boys (1797)
武器裝備	30 × 24-pounder (11 kg) long gun 20 × 32-pounder (15 kg) carronade 2 × 24-pounder (11 kg) bow chasers

USS Constitution
美國國家史跡名錄
地點	Boston Naval Shipyard, Boston, Massachusetts
占地面積	less than one acre
建於	1797
NRHP編號	66000789
NRHP收錄	15 October 1966

USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United States Navy. Named by President George Washington after the Constitution of the United States of America, she is the world's oldest commissioned naval vessel afloat. Launched in 1797, Constitution was one of six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 and the third constructed. Joshua Humphreys designed the frigates to be the young Navy's capital ships, and so Constitution and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed and built than standard frigates of the period. Built in Boston, Massachusetts, at Edmund Hartt's shipyard, her first duties with the newly formed United States Navy were to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi-War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War.

Constitution is most famous for her actions during the War of 1812 against Great Britain, when she captured numerous merchant ships and defeated five British warships: 「Guerriere」號1806 (6), 「Java」號1811 (2), 「Pictou」號1813 (2), 「Cyane」號1806 (2) and 「Levant」號1813 (2). The battle with Guerriere earned her the nickname of "Old Ironsides" and public adoration that has repeatedly saved her from scrapping. She continued to serve as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons, and circled the world in the 1840s. During the American Civil War, she served as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy. She carried US artwork and industrial displays to the Paris Exposition of 1878.

Retired from active service in 1881, Constitution served as a receiving ship until designated a museum ship in 1907. In 1934 she completed a three-year, 90-port tour of the nation. Constitution sailed under her own power for her 200th birthday in 1997, and again in August 2012, to commemorate the 200th anniversary of her victory over Guerriere.

Constitution's stated mission today is to promote understanding of the Navy's role in war and peace through educational outreach, historic demonstration, and active participation in public events. As a fully commissioned US Navy ship, her crew of 60 officers and sailors participate in ceremonies, educational programs, and special events while keeping the ship open to visitors year round and providing free tours. The officers and crew are all active-duty US Navy personnel and the assignment is considered special duty in the Navy. Traditionally, command of the vessel is assigned to a Navy Commander. Constitution is berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard, at one end of Boston's Freedom Trail.

Construction

主條目：Original six frigates of the United States Navy

In 1785 Barbary pirates, most notably from Algiers, began to seize American merchant vessels in the Mediterranean. In 1793 alone, eleven American ships were captured and their crews and stores held for ransom. To combat this problem, proposals were made for warships to protect American shipping, resulting in the Naval Act of 1794. The act provided funds to construct six frigates, but included a clause that if peace terms were agreed to with Algiers, the construction of the ships would be halted.

Joshua Humphreys' design was unusual for the time, being long on keel and narrow of beam (width) and mounting very heavy guns. The design called for a diagonal scantling (rib) scheme intended to restrict hogging while giving the ships extremely heavy planking. This design gave the hull a greater strength than a more lightly built frigate. Humphreys' design was based on his realization that the fledgling United States of the period could not match the European states in the size of their navies. This being so, the frigates were designed to be able to overpower any other frigate yet escape from a ship of the line.

The name Constitution was selected by President George Washington. Her keel was laid down on 1 November 1794 at Edmund Hartt's shipyard in Boston, Massachusetts, under the supervision of Captain Samuel Nicholson and naval constructor Colonel George Claghorn. Primary materials used in her construction consisted of pine and oak, including southern live oak, which was cut and milled near St. Simons, Georgia. Constitution's hull was built 21英寸（530公釐） thick and her length between perpendiculars was 175英尺（53米）, with a 204英尺（62米） length overall and a width of 43英尺6英寸（13.26米）. In total, 60英畝（24公頃） of trees were needed for her construction. Paul Revere forged the copper bolts and breasthooks. The copper sheathing, installed to prevent shipworm, was imported from England.

Claghorn's announcement of the launching

In March 1796, as construction slowly progressed, a peace accord was announced between the United States and Algiers and, in accordance with the Naval Act of 1794, construction was halted. After some debate and prompting by President Washington, Congress agreed to continue to fund the construction of the three ships nearest to completion: 「United States」號1797 (2), 「Constellation」號1797 (2), and Constitution. Constitution's launching ceremony on 20 September 1797 was attended by then President John Adams and Massachusetts Governor Increase Sumner. Upon launch, she slid down the ways only 27英尺（8.2公尺） before stopping; her weight had caused the ways to settle into the ground, preventing further movement. An attempt two days later resulted in only an additional 31英尺（9.4公尺） of travel before the ship again stopped. After a month of rebuilding the ways, Constitution finally slipped into Boston Harbor on 21 October 1797, with Captain James Sever breaking a bottle of Madeira wine on her bowsprit.

Armament

參見：Naval artillery in the Age of Sail

Though rated as a 44-gun frigate, Constitution would often carry over 50 guns at a time. Ships of this era had no permanent battery of guns, such as modern Navy ships carry. The guns and cannons were designed to be completely portable, and often were exchanged between ships as situations warranted. Each commanding officer outfitted armaments to his liking, taking into consideration factors such as the overall tonnage of cargo, complement of personnel aboard, and planned routes to be sailed. Consequently, the armaments on ships would change often during their careers, and records of the changes were not generally kept.

During the War of 1812, Constitution's battery of guns typically consisted of thirty 24-pounder (11 kg) cannons, with 15 on each side of the gun deck. Twenty-two 32-pounder (15 kg) carronades on the spar deck were deployed 11 per side. Four chase guns were also positioned, two each at the stern and bow.

Since her 1927–1931 restoration, all of the guns aboard Constitution are replicas. Most were cast in 1930, but two carronades on the spar deck were cast in 1983. In order to restore the capability of firing ceremonial salutes, during her 1973–1976 restoration, a modern 40 mm（1.6英寸） saluting gun was hidden inside the forward long gun on each side.

Quasi-War

參見：Quasi-War

President John Adams ordered all Navy ships to sea in late May 1798 to patrol for armed ships of France, and to free any American ship captured by them. Constitution was still not ready to sail, and eventually had to borrow sixteen 18-pound (8.2 kg) cannons from Castle Island before finally being ready. Constitution put to sea on the evening of 22 July 1798 with orders to patrol the Eastern seaboard between New Hampshire and New York. A month later she was patrolling between Chesapeake Bay and Savannah, Georgia, when Nicholson found his first opportunity for capturing a prize: off the coast of Charleston, South Carolina, on 8 September, she intercepted Niger, a 24-gun ship sailing with a French crew en route from Jamaica to Philadelphia, claiming to have been under the orders of Great Britain. Perhaps not understanding his orders correctly, Nicholson had the crewmen imprisoned, placed a prize crew aboard Niger, and brought her into Norfolk, Virginia. Constitution sailed south again a week later to escort a merchant convoy, but her bowsprit was severely damaged in a gale; she returned to Boston for repairs. In the meantime, Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Stoddert determined that Niger had been operating under the orders of Great Britain as claimed, and the ship and her crew were released to continue their voyage. The American government paid a restitution of $11,000 to Great Britain.

After departing from Boston on 29 December, Nicholson reported to Commodore John Barry, who was flying his flag in United States, near the island of Dominica for patrols in the West Indies. On 15 January 1799, Constitution intercepted the English merchantman Spencer, which had been taken prize by the French frigate L'Insurgente a few days prior. Technically, Spencer was a French ship operated by a French prize crew; but Nicholson, perhaps hesitant after the affair with Niger, released the ship and her crew the next morning. Upon joining Barry's command, Constitution almost immediately had to put in for repairs to her rigging due to storm damage, and it was not until 1 March that anything of note occurred. On this date, she encountered 「Santa Margarita」號1779 (6), the captain of which was an acquaintance of Nicholson. The two agreed to a sailing duel, which the English captain was confident he would win. But after 11 hours of sailing Santa Margarita lowered her sails and admitted defeat, paying off the bet with a cask of wine to Nicholson. Resuming her patrols, Constitution managed to recapture the American sloop Neutrality on 27 March and, a few days later, the French ship Carteret. Secretary Stoddert had other plans, however, and recalled Constitution to Boston. She arrived there on 14 May, and Nicholson was relieved of command.

Change of command

Captain Silas Talbot was recalled to duty to command Constitution and serve as Commodore of operations in the West Indies. After repairs and resupply were completed, Constitution departed Boston on 23 July with a destination of Saint-Domingue via Norfolk and a mission to interrupt French shipping. She took the prize Amelia from a French prize crew on 15 September, and Talbot sent the ship back to New York City with an American prize crew. Constitution arrived at Saint-Domingue on 15 October and rendezvoused with 「Boston」號1799 (2), 「General Greene」號1799 (2), and 「Norfolk」號1798 (2). No further incidents occurred over the next six months, as French depredations in the area had declined. Constitution busied herself with routine patrols and Talbot made diplomatic visits. It was not until April 1800 that Talbot investigated an increase in ship traffic near Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo, and discovered that the French privateer Sandwich had taken refuge there. On 8 May the squadron captured the sloop Sally, and Talbot hatched a plan to capture Sandwich by utilizing the familiarity of Sally to allow the Americans access to the harbor. First Lieutenant Isaac Hull led 90 sailors and Marines into Puerto Plata without challenge on 11 May, capturing Sandwich and spiking the guns of the nearby Spanish fort. However, it was later determined that Sandwich had been captured from a neutral port; she was returned to the French with apologies, and no prize money was awarded to the squadron.

Routine patrols again occupied Constitution for the next two months, until 13 July, when the mainmast trouble of a few months before recurred. She put into Cap Francois for repairs. With the terms of enlistment soon to expire for the sailors aboard her, she made preparations to return to the United States, and was relieved of duty by Constellation on 23 July. Constitution escorted twelve merchantmen to Philadelphia on her return voyage, and on 24 August put in at Boston, where she received new masts, sails, and rigging. Even though peace was imminent between the United States and France, Constitution again sailed for the West Indies on 17 December as squadron flagship, rendezvousing with 「Congress」號1799 (2), 「Adams」號1799 (2), 「Augusta」號1799 (2), 「Richmond」號1798 (2), and 「Trumbull」號1799 (2). Although no longer allowed to pursue French shipping, the squadron was assigned to protect American shipping and continued in that capacity until April 1801, when 「Herald」號1798 (2) arrived with orders for the squadron to return to the United States. Constitution returned to Boston, where she lingered; she was finally scheduled for an overhaul in October, but it was later canceled. She was placed in ordinary on 2 July 1802.

First Barbary War

參見：First Barbary War

During the United States' preoccupation with France and the Quasi-War, troubles with the Barbary States were suppressed by the payment of tribute to ensure that American merchant ships were not harassed and seized. In 1801 Yusuf Karamanli of Tripoli, dissatisfied with the amount of tribute he was receiving in comparison to Algiers, demanded an immediate payment of $250,000, equal to $4,724,500 today. In response, Thomas Jefferson sent a squadron of frigates to protect American merchant ships in the Mediterranean and to pursue peace with the Barbary States.

The first squadron, under the command of Richard Dale in 「President」號1800 (2), was instructed to escort merchant ships through the Mediterranean and negotiate with leaders of the Barbary States. A second squadron was assembled under the command of Richard Valentine Morris in 「Chesapeake」號1799 (2). The performance of Morris's squadron was so poor that he was recalled and subsequently dismissed from the Navy in 1803.

Constitution c. 1803–1804

Captain Edward Preble recommissioned Constitution on 13 May 1803 as his flagship, and made preparations to command a new squadron for a third blockade attempt. The copper sheathing on Constitution's hull needed to be replaced; Paul Revere supplied the copper sheets necessary for the job. Constitution departed Boston on 14 August. On 6 September, near the Rock of Gibraltar, she encountered an unknown ship in the darkness. Constitution went to general quarters, then ran alongside of her. Preble hailed the unknown ship, only to receive a hail in return. After identifying his ship as the United States frigate Constitution, he received the same question again. Preble, losing his patience, said: "I am now going to hail you for the last time. If a proper answer is not returned, I will fire a shot into you." The stranger returned, "If you give me a shot, I'll give you a broadside." Asking once more, Preble demanded an answer, to which he received, "This is His Britannic Majesty's ship Donegal, 84 guns, Sir Richard Strachan, an English commodore," as well as a command to "Send your boat on board." Preble, now devoid of all patience, exclaimed, "This is United States ship Constitution, 44 guns, Edward Preble, an American commodore, who will be damned before he sends his boat on board of any vessel." And then to his gun crews: "Blow your matches, boys!" Before the incident escalated further, a boat arrived from the other ship and a British lieutenant relayed his Captain's apologies. The ship was in fact not Donegal but instead 「Maidstone」號1797 (6), a 32-gun frigate. Constitution had come alongside her so quietly that Maidstone had delayed answering with the proper hail while she readied her guns. This act began the strong allegiance between Preble and the officers under his command, known as "Preble's boys", as he had shown he was willing to defy a presumed ship of the line.

Arriving at Gibraltar on 12 September, Preble waited for the other ships of the squadron. His first order of business was to arrange a treaty with Sultan Slimane of Morocco, who was holding American ships hostage to ensure the return of two vessels the Americans had captured. Departing Gibraltar on 3 October, Constitution and 「Nautilus」號1799 (2) arrived at Tangiers on the 4th. 「Adams」號1799 (2) and 「New York」號1800 (2) arrived the next day. With four American warships in his harbor, the Sultan was more than glad to arrange the transfer of ships between the two nations, and Preble departed with his squadron on 14 October, heading back to Gibraltar.

Battle of Tripoli Harbor

「Philadelphia」號1799 (2) burning in Tripoli Harbor

主條目：Second Battle of Tripoli Harbor

On 31 October 「Philadelphia」號1799 (2), under the command of William Bainbridge, ran aground off Tripoli while pursuing a Tripoline vessel. The crew was taken prisoner; Philadelphia was refloated by the Tripolines and brought into their harbor. To deprive the Tripolines of their prize, Preble planned to destroy Philadelphia using the captured ship Mastico, which was renamed 「Intrepid」號1798 (2). Under the command of Stephen Decatur, Intrepid entered Tripoli Harbor on 16 February 1804 disguised as a merchant ship. Decatur's crew quickly overpowered the Tripoline crew and set Philadelphia ablaze.

Withdrawing the squadron to Syracuse, Sicily, Preble began planning for a summer attack on Tripoli, procuring a number of smaller gunboats that could move in closer to Tripoli than was feasible for Constitution given her deep draft. Arriving the morning of 3 August, Constitution, 「Argus」號1803 (2), 「Enterprise」號1799 (2), 「Scourge」號1804 (2), 「Syren」號1803 (2), the six gunboats, and two bomb ketches began operations. Twenty-two Tripoline gunboats met them in the harbor and, in a series of attacks in the coming month, Constitution and her squadron severely damaged or destroyed the Tripoline gunboats, taking their crews prisoner. Constitution primarily provided gunfire support, bombarding the shore batteries of Tripoli. Yet despite his losses, Karamanli remained firm in his demand for ransom and tribute.

In a last attempt of the season against Tripoli, Preble outfitted Intrepid as a "floating volcano" with 100 short ton（91 t） of gunpowder aboard. She was to sail into Tripoli harbor and blow up in the midst of the corsair fleet, close under the walls of the city. Under the command of Richard Somers, Intrepid made her way into the harbor on the evening of 3 September, but exploded prematurely, killing Somers and his entire crew of thirteen volunteers.

Constellation and President arrived at Tripoli on the 9th with Samuel Barron in command; Preble was forced to relinquish his command of the squadron to Barron, who was senior in rank. Constitution was ordered to Malta on the 11th for repairs, and while en route captured two Greek vessels attempting to deliver wheat into Tripoli. On the 12th, a collision with President severely damaged Constitution's bow, stern, and figurehead of Hercules. The collision was attributed to an "act of God", in the form of a sudden change in wind direction.

Peace treaty

Captain John Rodgers assumed command of Constitution on 9 November while she underwent repairs and resupply in Malta, and resumed the blockade of Tripoli on 5 April 1805, capturing a Tripoline xebec and the two prizes she had captured. Meanwhile, Commodore Barron gave William Eaton naval support to bombard Derne, while a detachment of US Marines under the command of Presley O'Bannon was assembled to attack the city by land. They captured it on 27 April. A peace treaty with Tripoli was signed aboard Constitution on 3 June, in which she embarked the crewmembers of Philadelphia and returned them to Syracuse. Dispatched to Tunis, Constitution arrived there on 30 July, and by 1 August seventeen additional American warships had gathered in its harbor: Congress, Constellation, Enterprise, 「Essex」號1799 (2), 「Franklin」號1795 (2), 「Hornet」號1805 sloop (2), 「John Adams」號1799 (2), Nautilus, Syren, and eight gunboats. Negotiations went on for several days until a short-term blockade of the harbor finally produced a peace treaty on 14 August.

Rodgers remained in command of the squadron, tasked with sending warships back to the United States when they were no longer needed. Eventually all that remained were Constitution, Enterprise, and Hornet. They performed routine patrols and observed the French and Royal Navy operations of the Napoleonic Wars. Rodgers turned command of the squadron and Constitution over to Captain Hugh G. Campbell on 29 May 1806.

James Barron and Chesapeake sailed out of Norfolk on 15 May 1807 to replace Constitution as the flagship of the Mediterranean squadron, but soon encountered 「Leopard」號1790 (6), resulting in the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair. Relief of Constitution was thereby delayed. Constitution continued patrols, unaware of the delay. She arrived in late June at Leghorn, where she took aboard the disassembled Tripoli Monument for transport back to the United States. Arriving at Málaga, she learned the fate of Chesapeake. Campbell immediately began preparing Constitution and Hornet for possible war against England. The crew, upon learning of the delay in their relief, became mutinous and refused to sail any further unless the destination was the United States. Campbell and his officers threatened to fire a cannon full of grape shot at the crewmen if they did not comply, thereby putting an end to the conflict. Ordered home on 18 August, Campbell and the squadron set sail for Boston on 8 September, arriving there on 14 October. Constitution had been gone over four years.

War of 1812

參見：War of 1812

Constitution during the chase

Constitution was recommissioned in December with Captain John Rodgers again taking command to oversee a major refitting. She was overhauled at a cost just under $100,000 (equal to $1,852,745 today); however, Rodgers inexplicably failed to clean her copper sheathing, leading him to later declare her a "slow sailer". She spent most of the following two years on training runs and ordinary duty. When Isaac Hull took command in June 1810, he immediately recognized that she needed her bottom cleaned. "Ten waggon loads" of barnacles and seaweed were removed.

Hull departed on 5 August 1811 for France, transporting the new Ambassador Joel Barlow and his family; they arrived on 1 September. During her visit in Cherbourg, Constitution was examined by French engineers, who reported her qualities to Denis Decrès, comparing her to the similar French 24-pounder frigate Forte; Decrès ordered construction of 24-pounder frigates to resume, but the fall of the Empire occurred only a few months later. Remaining near France and Holland through the winter months, Hull continually held sail and gun drills to keep the crew ready for possible hostilities with the British. After the events of the Little Belt Affair the previous May, tensions were high between the United States and Britain, and Constitution was shadowed by British frigates while awaiting dispatches from Barlow to carry back to the United States. They arrived home on 18 February 1812.

War was declared on 18 June and Hull put to sea on 12 July, attempting to join the five ships of a squadron under the command of Rodgers in 「President」號1800 (2). Hull sighted five ships off Egg Harbor, New Jersey, on 17 July and at first believed them to be Rodgers' squadron, but by the following morning the lookouts determined that they were a British squadron out of Halifax: 「Aeolus」號1801 (6), 「Africa」號1781 (2), 「Belvidera」號1809 (2), 「Guerriere」號1806 (2), and 「Shannon」號1806 (2). They had sighted Constitution and were giving chase.

Finding himself becalmed, Hull acted on a suggestion given by Charles Morris, ordering the crew to put boats over the side to tow the ship out of range, using kedge anchors to draw the ship forward, and wetting the sails down to take advantage of every breath of wind. The British ships soon imitated the tactic of kedging and remained in pursuit. The resulting 57 hour chase in the July heat saw the crew of Constitution employ a myriad of methods to outrun the squadron, finally pumping overboard 2,300 US gal（8.7 kl） of drinking water. Cannon fire was exchanged several times, though the British attempts fell short or over their mark, including an attempted broadside from Belvidera. On 19 July Constitution pulled far enough ahead of the British that they abandoned the pursuit.

Constitution arrived in Boston on 27 July and remained there just long enough to replenish her supplies; Hull sailed without orders on 2 August to avoid being blockaded in port. Heading on a northeast route towards the British shipping lanes near Halifax and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Constitution captured three British merchantmen, which Hull ordered burned rather than risk taking them back to an American port. On 16 August Hull was informed of the presence of a British frigate 100 nmi（190 km；120 mi） to the south and sailed in pursuit.

Constitution vs. Guerriere

主條目：USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere

Constitution and Guerriere at battle.

A frigate sighted on 19 August was determined to be 「Guerriere」號1806 (6), with the words "Not The Little Belt" painted on her foretopsail. Guerriere opened fire upon entering range of Constitution, doing little damage. After a few exchanges of cannon fire between the ships Captain Hull maneuvered into an advantageous position and brought Constitution to within 25碼（23公尺） of Guerriere. He then ordered a full double-loaded broadside of grape and round shot fired, which took out Guerriere's mizzenmast. With her mizzenmast dragging in the water, Guerriere's maneuverability decreased and she collided with Constitution; her bowsprit becoming entangled in Constitution's mizzen rigging. This left only Guerriere's bow guns capable of effective fire. Hull's cabin caught fire from the shots, but the fire was quickly extinguished. With the ships locked together, both Captains ordered boarding parties into action, but due to heavy seas neither party was able to board the opposing ship.

At one point the two ships rotated together counter-clockwise, with Constitution continuing to fire broadsides. When the two ships pulled apart, the force of the bowsprit's extraction sent shock waves through Guerriere's rigging. Her foremast soon collapsed, and that brought the mainmast down shortly afterward. Guerriere was now a dismasted, unmanageable hulk, with close to a third of her crew wounded or killed, while Constitution remained largely intact. The British surrendered.

Using his heavier broadsides and his ship's sailing ability, Hull had managed to surprise the British. Adding to their astonishment, many of their shot rebounded harmlessly off Constitution's hull. An American sailor reportedly exclaimed "Huzzah! her sides are made of iron!" and Constitution acquired the nickname "Old Ironsides".

The battle left Guerriere so badly damaged that she was not worth towing to port. The next morning, after transferring the British prisoners onto the Constitution, Hull ordered Guerriere burned. Arriving back in Boston on 30 August, Hull and his crew found that news of their victory had spread fast, and they were hailed as heroes.

Constitution vs Java

Diagram of the battle.

On 8 September William Bainbridge, senior to Hull, took command of "Old Ironsides" and prepared her for another mission in British shipping lanes near Brazil. Sailing with 「Hornet」號1805 brig (2) on 27 October, they arrived near São Salvador on 13 December, sighting 「Bonne Citoyenne」號1796 (6) in the harbor. Bonne Citoyenne was reportedly carrying $1,600,000 in specie to England, but her captain refused to leave the neutral harbor lest he lose his cargo. Leaving Hornet to await the departure of Bonne Citoyenne, Constitution sailed offshore in search of prizes. On 29 December she met with 「Java」號1811 (6) under Captain Henry Lambert, a frigate of the same class as the Guerriere, and at the initial hail from Bainbridge, Java answered with a broadside that severely damaged Constitution's rigging. She was able to recover, however, and returned a series of broadsides to Java. A shot from Java destroyed Constitution's helm (wheel), so Bainbridge—wounded twice during the battle—directed the crew to steer her manually using the tiller for the remainder of the engagement. As in the battle with Guerriere, Java's bowsprit became entangled in Constitution's rigging, allowing Bainbridge to continue raking her with broadsides. Java's foremast collapsed, sending her fighting top crashing down through two decks below.

Drawing off to make emergency repairs, Bainbridge re-approached Java an hour later. As in the case with Guerriere, Java lay in shambles, an unmanageable wreck with a badly wounded crew. The British ship surrendered. Determining that Java was far too damaged to retain as a prize, Bainbridge ordered her burned, but not before having her helm salvaged and installed on Constitution. On Constitution's return to São Salvador on 1 January 1813, she met with Hornet and that ship's two British prizes to disembark the prisoners of Java. Being far away from a friendly port and needing extensive repairs, Bainbridge ordered Constitution to sail for Boston on 5 January, leaving Hornet behind to continue waiting for Bonne Citoyenne in the hopes that she would leave the harbor (she did not). Constitution's victory over Java, the third British warship in as many months to be captured by the United States, prompted the British Admiralty to order its frigates not to engage the heavier American frigates one-on-one; only British ships of the line or squadrons were permitted to come close enough to these ships to attack. Constitution arrived in Boston on 15 February to even greater celebrations than Hull had received a few months prior.

Marblehead and blockade

Bainbridge determined that Constitution required new spar deck planking and beams, masts, sails, and rigging, and replacement of her copper bottom. However, personnel and supplies were being diverted to the Great Lakes, causing shortages that would keep her in Boston intermittently with her sister ships Chesapeake, Congress, and President for the majority of the year. Charles Stewart took command on 18 July and struggled to complete the construction and recruitment of a new crew. Finally making sail on 31 December, she set course for the West Indies to harass British shipping, and by late March 1814 had captured five merchant ships and the 14-gun 「Pictou」號1813 (6). She also pursued 「Columbine」號1806 (6) and 「Pique」號1800 (2), though both ships escaped after realizing she was an American frigate.

Off the coast of Bermuda on 27 March, it was discovered that her mainmast had split, requiring immediate repair. Stewart set a course for Boston, where on 3 April two British ships 「Junon」號1810 (6) and 「Tenedos」號1812 (2), commenced pursuit. Stewart ordered drinking water and food to be cast overboard to lighten her load and gain speed, trusting that her mainmast would hold together long enough for her to make her way into Marblehead, Massachusetts. The last item thrown overboard was the supply of spirits. Upon Constitution's arrival in the harbor, the citizens of Marblehead rallied in support, assembling what cannons they possessed at Fort Sewall, and the British called off the pursuit. Two weeks later, Constitution made her way into Boston, where she remained blockaded in port until mid-December.

HMS Cyane and HMS Levant

主條目：Capture of HMS Cyane

Captain George Collier of the Royal Navy received command of the 50-gun 「Leander」號1813 (6) and was sent to North America to deal with the American frigates that were causing losses to British merchant shipping. Meanwhile, Charles Stewart saw his chance to escape from Boston Harbor and made it good on the afternoon of 18 December. The ship again set course for Bermuda. Collier gathered a squadron consisting of Leander, 「Newcastle」號1813 (2), and 「Acasta」號1797 (2), and set off in pursuit, but was unable to overtake Constitution.

On 24 December Constitution intercepted the merchantman Lord Nelson and placed a prize crew aboard. Lord Nelson's stores readily supplied a Christmas dinner for the crew of Constitution; she had left Boston not fully supplied. Off Cape Finisterre on 8 February 1815, Stewart learned that the Treaty of Ghent had been signed, but realized that until it was ratified a state of war still existed. On 16 February Constitution captured the British merchantman Susanna with her cargo of animal hides valued at $75,000. Sighting two British ships on 20 February, she gave chase to them. The two were Cyane and 「Levant」號1813 (2), sailing in company.

Cyane and Levant began a series of broadsides against Constitution, but Stewart outmaneuvered both of them. Forcing Levant to draw off for repairs, he concentrated fire on Cyane, which soon struck her colors. Levant returned to engage Constitution, but once she saw that Cyane had been defeated she turned and attempted escape. Constitution overtook her, and after several more broadsides she too struck her colors. Stewart remained with his new prizes overnight while ordering repairs to all ships. Constitution had suffered little damage in the battle, though it was later discovered she had twelve 32-pound British cannonballs embedded in her hull, none of which had penetrated through. Setting a course for the Cape Verde Islands, the trio arrived at Porto Praya on 10 March.

The next morning Collier's squadron was spotted on a course for the harbor, and Stewart ordered all ships to sail immediately. Stewart had until then been unaware of the pursuit by Collier. Cyane was able to elude the squadron and make sail for America, where she arrived on 10 April, but Levant was overtaken and recaptured. While Collier's squadron was distracted with Levant, Constitution made another escape from overwhelming forces.

Constitution set a course towards Guinea and then west towards Brazil, as Stewart had learned from the capture of Susanna that 「Inconstant」號1783 (6) was transporting gold bullion back to England, and wanted her as a prize. Constitution put into Maranhão on 2 April to offload her British prisoners and replenish her drinking water. While there, Stewart learned by rumor that the Treaty of Ghent had been ratified, and set course for America. Receiving verification of peace at San Juan, Puerto Rico, on 28 April, he set course for New York and arrived home on 15 May to large celebrations. While Constitution emerged from the war undefeated, her sister ships Chesapeake and President were not so fortunate, having been captured in 1813 and 1815 respectively. Constitution was moved to Boston and placed in ordinary in January 1816, sitting out the action of the Second Barbary War.

Mediterranean Squadron

In April 1820 Isaac Hull, commandant of the Charlestown Navy Yard, directed a refitting of Constitution to prepare her for duty with the Mediterranean Squadron. Joshua Humphreys' diagonal riders were removed to make room for two iron freshwater tanks, and timbers below the waterline along with the copper sheathing were replaced. At the direction of Secretary of the Navy Smith Thompson, she was also subjected to an unusual experiment in which manually operated paddle wheels were fitted to her hull. If stranded by calm seas, the paddle wheels were designed to propel her at up to 3節（5.6公里每小時；3.5英里每小時） by the crew using the ship's capstan. Initial testing was successful, but Hull and the new commanding officer of Constitution, Jacob Jones, were reportedly unimpressed with paddle wheels on a US Navy ship; Jones had them removed and stowed in the cargo hold before he departed on 13 May 1821 for a three-year tour of duty in the Mediterranean.

Constitution experienced an uneventful tour, sailing in company with 「Ontario」號1813 (2) and 「Nonsuch」號1813 (2), until the behavior of the crews during shore leave gave Jones a reputation as a Commodore who was lax in discipline. Weary of receiving complaints about the crews' antics while in port, the Navy ordered Jones to return, and Constitution arrived in Boston on 31 May 1824, upon which Jones was relieved of command. Thomas Macdonough took command and sailed on 29 October for the Mediterranean under the direction of John Rodgers in 「North Carolina」號1820 (2). With discipline restored, Constitution resumed uneventful duty. Macdonough resigned his command for health reasons on 9 October 1825. Constitution put in for repairs during December and into January 1826, until Daniel Todd Patterson assumed command on 21 February. By August she had put into Port Mahon, suffering decay of her spar deck, and she remained there until temporary repairs were completed in March 1827. Constitution returned to Boston on 4 July 1828 and was placed in ordinary.

Old Ironsides

Built in an era when a wooden ship had an expected service life of ten to fifteen years, Constitution was now thirty-one years old. A routine order for surveys of ships held in ordinary was requested by the Secretary of the Navy John Branch; the commandant of the Charlestown Navy Yard, Charles Morris, estimated a repair cost of over $157,000 (equal to $4,635,916 today) for Constitution. On 14 September 1830, an article appeared in the Boston Advertiser that erroneously claimed the Navy intended to scrap Constitution. Two days later, Oliver Wendell Holmes' poem "Old Ironsides" was published in the same paper and later all over the country, igniting public indignation and inciting efforts to save "Old Ironsides" from the scrap yard. Secretary Branch approved the costs, and she began a leisurely repair period while awaiting completion of the drydock then under construction at the yard. In contrast to the efforts to save Constitution, another round of surveys in 1834 found her sister ship Congress unfit for repair; she was unceremoniously broken up in 1835.

On 24 June 1833 Constitution entered drydock in company of a crowd of observers, among them Vice President Martin Van Buren, Levi Woodbury, Lewis Cass, and Levi Lincoln. Captain Jesse Elliott, the new commander of the Navy yard, would oversee her reconstruction. With 30英寸（760 mm） of hog in her keel, Constitution remained in dry dock until 21 June 1834. This would be the first of many times that souvenirs were made from her old planking; Isaac Hull ordered walking canes, picture frames, and even a phaeton that was presented to President Andrew Jackson. Meanwhile, Elliot directed the installation of a new figurehead of President Jackson under the bowsprit, which became a subject of much controversy due to Jackson's political unpopularity in Boston at the time. Elliot, a Jacksonian Democrat, received death threats. Rumors circulated about the citizens of Boston storming the navy yard to remove the figurehead themselves.

A merchant captain named Samuel Dewey accepted a small wager as to whether he could complete the task of removal. Elliot posted guards on Constitution to ensure safety of the figurehead, but—using the noise of thunderstorms to mask his movements—Dewey crossed the Charles River in a small boat and managed to saw off most of Jackson's head. The severed head made the rounds between taverns and meeting houses in Boston until Dewey personally returned it to Secretary of the Navy Mahlon Dickerson; it remained on Dickerson's library shelf for many years. The addition of busts to her stern depicting Isaac Hull, William Bainbridge, and Charles Stewart escaped controversy of any kind; the busts would remain in place for the next forty years.

Mediterranean and Pacific Squadrons

Elliot was appointed Captain of Constitution and got underway in March 1835 to New York, where he ordered repairs to the Jackson figurehead, avoiding a second round of controversy. Departing on 16 March Constitution set a course for France to deliver Edward Livingston to his post as Minister. She arrived on 10 April and began the return voyage on 16 May, narrowly avoiding being wrecked off the Isles of Scilly due to the mistaken navigation of her Officer of the Deck. She arrived back in Boston on 23 June, then sailed on 19 August to take her station as flagship in the Mediterranean, arriving at Port Mahon on 19 September. Her duty over the next two years was uneventful as she and United States made routine patrols and diplomatic visits. From April 1837 into February 1838 Elliot collected various ancient artifacts to carry back to America, adding various livestock during the return voyage. Constitution arrived in Norfolk on 31 July. Elliot was later suspended from duty for transporting livestock on a Navy ship.

As flagship of the Pacific Squadron under the command of Captain Daniel Turner, she began her next voyage on 1 March 1839 with the duty of patrolling the western side of South America. Often spending months in one port or another, she visited Valparaíso, Callao, Paita, and Puna while her crew amused themselves with the beaches and taverns in each locality. The return voyage found her at Rio de Janeiro, where Emperor Pedro II of Brazil visited her about 29 August 1841. Departing Rio, she collided with the ketch Queen Victoria, suffering minor damage, and returned to Norfolk on 31 October. On 22 June 1842 she was recommissioned under the command of Foxhall Alexander Parker for duty with the Home Squadron. After spending months in port she put to sea for three weeks during December, then was again put in ordinary.

Around the world

In late 1843, she was moored at Norfolk, serving as a receiving ship. Naval Constructor Foster Rhodes calculated it would require $70,000 to make her seaworthy. Acting Secretary David Henshaw faced a dilemma. His budget could not support such a cost, yet he could not allow the country's favorite ship to deteriorate. He turned to Captain John Percival. Known in the service as "Mad Jack", the captain traveled to Virginia and conducted his own survey of the ship's needs. He reported that the necessary repairs and upgrades could be done at a cost of $10,000. On 6 November, Henshaw told Percival to proceed without delay, but stay within his projected figure. After several months of labor, Percival reported Constitution ready for "a two or even a three year cruise."

She got underway on 29 May, carrying Henry A. Wise, the new Ambassador to Brazil, and his family, arriving at Rio de Janeiro on 2 August after making two port visits along the way. Remaining there to pack away supplies for the planned journey, she sailed again on 8 September, making port calls at Madagascar, Mozambique, and Zanzibar, and arriving at Sumatra on 1 January 1845. Many of her crew began to suffer from dysentery and fevers, causing several deaths, which led Percival to set course for Singapore, arriving there 8 February. While in Singapore, Commodore Henry Ducie Chads of 「Cambrian」號1841 (6) paid a visit to Constitution, offering what medical assistance his squadron could provide. Chads had been the Lieutenant of 「Java」號1811 (6) when that ship surrendered to William Bainbridge thirty-three years earlier.

Leaving Singapore, Constitution arrived at Turon, Cochinchina (present day Da Nang, Vietnam) on 10 May. Not long after, Percival was informed that a French missionary, Dominique Lefèbvre, was being held captive under sentence of death. Percival and a squad of Marines went ashore to speak with the local Mandarin. Percival demanded the return of Lefèbvre and took three local leaders hostage to ensure his demands were met. When no communication was forthcoming, he ordered the capture of three junks, which were brought to Constitution. Percival released the hostages after two days, attempting to show good faith towards the Mandarin, who had demanded their return. During a storm the three junks escaped upriver; a detachment of Marines pursued and recaptured them. When the supply of food and water from shore was stopped, Percival gave in to another demand for the release of the junks in order to keep his ship supplied, expecting Lefèbvre to be released. Soon realizing that no return would be made, Percival ordered Constitution to depart on 26 May.

Arriving at Canton, China, on 20 June, she spent the next six weeks there while Percival made shore and diplomatic visits. Again the crew suffered from dysentery due to poor drinking water, resulting in three more deaths by the time she reached Manila on 18 September. Spending a week there preparing to enter the Pacific Ocean, she sailed on 28 September for the Hawaiian Islands, arriving at Honolulu on 16 November. At Honolulu she found Commodore John D. Sloat and his flagship 「Savannah」號1842 (2); Sloat informed Percival that Constitution was needed in Mexico, as the United States was preparing for war after the Texas Annexation. She provisioned for six months and sailed for Mazatlán, arriving there on 13 January 1846. She sat at anchor for over three months until she was finally allowed to sail for home on 22 April rounding Cape Horn on 4 July. Arriving in Rio de Janeiro, the ship's party learned that the Mexican War had begun on 13 May, soon after their departure from Mazatlán. She arrived home in Boston on 27 September and was placed in ordinary on 5 October.

Mediterranean and African Squadrons

更多資訊：Anti-Slavery operations of the United States Navy

The Andrew Jackson figurehead as depicted by Harpers Weekly in 1875

Constitution began a refitting in 1847 for duty with the Mediterranean Squadron. The figurehead of Andrew Jackson that had caused so much controversy fifteen years earlier was replaced with another, this time sans the top hat and with a more Napoleonic pose for Jackson. Captain John Gwinn commanded her on this voyage, departing on 9 December 1848 and arriving at Tripoli on 19 January 1849. She carried Daniel Smith McCauley and his family to Egypt. McCauley's wife gave birth en route to a son, who was named "Constitution Stewart McCauley". At Gaeta on 1 August she received onboard King Ferdinand II and Pope Pius IX, giving them a 21-gun salute. This was the first time a Pope set foot on American territory or its equivalent. At Palermo on 1 September, Captain Gwinn died of chronic gastritis and was buried near Lazaretto on the 9th. Captain Thomas Conover assumed command on the 18th and resumed routine patrolling for the rest of the tour. Heading home on 1 December 1850, she was involved in a severe collision with the English brig Confidence, which sank with the loss of her captain. The surviving crewmembers were carried back to America, where the Constitution was placed in ordinary at the Brooklyn Navy Yard in January 1851.

Recommissioned on 22 December 1852 under the command of John Rudd, the Constitution carried Commodore Isaac Mayo for duty with the African Squadron, departing the yard on 2 March 1853 on a leisurely sail towards Africa, arriving there on 18 June. Making a diplomatic visit in Liberia, Mayo arranged a treaty between the Gbarbo and the Grebo tribes. Mayo had to resort to firing cannons into the village of the Gbarbo in order to get them to agree to the treaty. This may have been the last time that the Constitution fired her cannons in anger. Near Angola on 3 November, in what would be her last capture, Constitution took as a prize the American ship H. N. Gambrill, which had been determined to be involved in the slave trade. About 22 June 1854, Mayo arranged another peace treaty between the leaders of Grahway and Half Cavally. The rest of her tour passed uneventfully and she sailed for home on 31 March 1855. She was diverted to Havana, Cuba, arriving there on 16 May. Departing there on the 24th, she arrived at Portsmouth Navy Yard and was decommissioned on 14 June, ending what was to be her last duty on the front lines. In June 1853, her sister ship Constellation had been ordered broken up. Then part of her timbers would be used to construct the next 「Constellation」號1854 (2).

Civil War

參見：American Civil War

The last sailing frigate of the US Navy, 「Santee」號1855 (2), had been launched in 1855. As steamships began service with the US Navy in growing numbers during the 1850s, many sail-powered ships were assigned to training duty. Since the formation of the US Naval Academy in 1845, there had been a growing need for quarters in which to house the students. In 1857, Constitution was moved to drydock at the Portsmouth Navy Yard for conversion into a training ship. Some of the earliest known photographs of her were taken during this refitting, which added classrooms on her spar and gun decks. Reduced in armament to only 16 guns, her rating was changed to a "2nd rate ship." She was recommissioned on 1 August 1860 and moved from Portsmouth to the Naval Academy.

The earliest known photograph of Constitution, undergoing repairs in 1858

At the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, Constitution was ordered to relocate farther north after threats had been made against her by Confederate sympathizers. Several companies of Massachusetts volunteer soldiers were stationed aboard for her protection. 「R. R. Cuyler」號1860 (2) towed her to New York City, where she arrived on 29 April. She was subsequently relocated, along with the Naval Academy, to Fort Adams near Newport, Rhode Island, for the duration of the war. Her sister ship United States was abandoned by the Union and then captured by Confederate forces at the Gosport Shipyard in Norfolk, Virginia, leaving Constitution as the only remaining frigate of the original six frigates.

During the war, to honor Constitution's tradition of service, the Navy bestowed the name 「New Ironsides」號1862 (2) on an ironclad that was launched on 10 May 1862 as part of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron and participated in the bombardment of Fort Sumter on 7 April 1863. However, New Ironsides's naval career was short-lived; she was destroyed by fire on 16 December 1865. In August 1865, Constitution moved back to Annapolis, along with the rest of the Naval Academy. During the voyage she was allowed to drop her tow lines from the tug and continue alone under wind power. Despite her age, she was recorded running at 9節（17公里每小時；10英里每小時） and arrived at Hampton Roads ten hours ahead of the tug.

Settling in again at the Academy, a series of upgrades was installed that included steam pipes and radiators to supply heat from shore along with gas lighting. From June to August each year she would depart with midshipmen for their summer training cruise and then return to operate for the rest of the year as a classroom. In June 1867 her last known plank owner, William Bryant, died in Maine. George Dewey assumed command in November and he served as her commanding officer until 1870. In 1871 her condition had deteriorated to the point where she was retired as a training ship, and then towed to the Philadelphia Navy Yard, where she was placed in ordinary on 26 September.

Paris Exposition

Philadelphia Navy Yard 1874

In the early months of 1873 it was decided that Constitution would be overhauled to participate in the centennial celebrations of the United States. Work began slowly and was intermittently delayed by the transition of the Philadelphia Navy Yard to League Island. By late 1875 the Navy opened bids for an outside contractor to complete her work, and Constitution was moved to Wood, Dialogue and Company in May 1876, where a small boiler for heat and a coal bin were installed. The Andrew Jackson figurehead was removed at this time and given to the Naval Academy Museum where it remains today. Her construction dragged on during the rest of 1876, and when the centennial celebrations had long passed, it was decided that she would be used as a training and school ship for apprentices entering the Navy.

Oscar C. Badger took command on 9 January 1878 to prepare her for a voyage to the Paris Exposition of 1878, transporting artwork and industrial displays of American manufacturers to France. Three railroad cars were lashed to her spar deck and all but two cannons were removed when she departed on 4 March. While docking at Le Havre she collided with Ville de Paris, which resulted in Constitution entering dry dock for repairs. Remaining in France for the rest of 1878, she got underway for the United States on 16 January 1879, but poor navigation ran her aground the next day near Bollard Head. She was towed into the Portsmouth Naval Dockyard, Hampshire, England, where only minor damage was found and repaired.

Her problem-plagued voyage would continue on 13 February when her rudder was damaged during heavy storms, resulting in a total loss of steering control. With the rudder smashing into the hull at random, three crewman went over the stern on ropes and boatswain's chairs and secured it. The next morning they rigged together a temporary steering system. Badger set a course for the nearest port, and she arrived in Lisbon on 18 February. Slow dock services delayed her departure until 11 April and her voyage home did not end until 24 May. Crewmen Henry Williams, Joseph Matthews, and James Horton would receive the Medal of Honor for their actions in repairing the damaged rudder at sea. Constitution returned to her previous duties of training apprentice boys, and on 16 November another crewman, James Thayer, received a Medal of Honor for saving a boy from drowning.

Over the next two years she continued her training cruises, but it soon became apparent that her overhaul in 1876 had been of poor quality, and she was determined to be unfit for service in 1881. As funds were lacking for another overhaul, she was decommissioned, ending her days as an active-duty naval ship. Moved to the Portsmouth Navy Yard, she was used as a receiving ship. There, she had a housing structure built over her spar deck, and her condition continued to deteriorate, with only a minimal amount of maintenance performed to keep her afloat. In 1896, Massachusetts Congressman John F. Fitzgerald became aware of her condition and proposed to Congress that funds be appropriated to restore her enough to return to Boston. She arrived at the Charlestown Navy Yard under tow on 21 September 1897, and after her centennial celebrations in October, she lay there with an uncertain future.

Museum ship

As a barracks ship in Boston c. 1905

In 1900 Congress authorized restoration of Constitution, but did not appropriate any funds for the project; funding was to be raised privately. The Massachusetts Society of the United Daughters of the War of 1812 spearheaded an effort to raise funds, but ultimately failed. In 1903 the Massachusetts Historical Society's president Charles Francis Adams requested of Congress that she be rehabilitated and placed back into active service.

In 1905, Secretary of the Navy Charles Joseph Bonaparte suggested that she be towed out to sea and used as target practice, after which she would be allowed to sink. Reading about this in a Boston newspaper, Moses H. Gulesian, a businessman from Worcester, Massachusetts, offered to purchase Constitution for $10,000. The State Department refused, but Gulesian initiated a public campaign which began from Boston and ultimately "spilled all over the country." The storms of protest from the public prompted Congress to authorize $100,000 for her restoration in 1906. First to be removed was the barracks structure on her spar deck, but the limited amount of funds allowed just a partial restoration. By 1907 she began to serve as a museum ship with tours offered to the public. On 1 December 1917 she was renamed Old Constitution, to free her name for a planned new Lexingtonbattlecruiser. Originally destined for the lead ship of the class, the name Constitution was shuffled around between hulls until CC-5 was given the name; construction of CC-5 was canceled in 1923 due to the Washington Naval Treaty. The incomplete hull was sold for scrap, and Old Constitution was granted the return of her name on 24 July 1925.

1925 restoration and tour

Admiral Edward Walter Eberle, Chief of Naval Operations, ordered the Board of Inspection and Survey to compile a report on her condition, and the inspection of 19 February 1924 found her in grave condition. Water had to be pumped out of her hold on a daily basis just to keep her afloat, and her stern was in danger of falling off. Almost all deck areas and structural components were filled with rot, and she was considered to be on the verge of ruin. Yet the Board recommended that she be thoroughly repaired in order to preserve her as long as possible. The estimated cost of repairs was $400,000. Secretary of the Navy Curtis D. Wilbur proposed to Congress that the required funds be raised privately, and he was authorized to assemble the committee charged with her restoration.

The first effort was sponsored by the national Elks Lodge. Programs presented to schoolchildren about "Old Ironsides" encouraged them to donate pennies towards her restoration, eventually raising $148,000. In the meantime, the estimates for repair began to climb, eventually reaching over $745,000 after costs of materials were realized. In September 1926, Wilbur began to sell copies of a painting of Constitution at 50 cents per copy. The silent film Old Ironsides, which portrayed Constitution during the First Barbary War, premiered in December and helped spur more contributions to her restoration fund. The final campaign allowed memorabilia to be made of her discarded planking and metal. Among the items sold were ashtrays, bookends and picture frames. The committee eventually raised over $600,000 after expenses—still short of the required amount—and Congress approved up to $300,000 to complete the restoration. The final cost of the restoration was $946,000.

Transiting the Panama Canal 1932

Lieutenant John A. Lord was selected to oversee the reconstruction project, and work began while efforts to raise funds were still underway. Materials were difficult to find, especially the live oak needed; Lord uncovered a long-forgotten stash of live oak (some 1,500 short ton（1,400 t）) at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida that had been cut sometime in the 1850s for a ship building program that never began. By the mid-1920s even the tools needed for the restoration were difficult to find, and some came from as far away as Maine. The Constitution entered drydock with a crowd of 10,000 observers on 16 June 1927. Meanwhile, Charles Francis Adams had been appointed as the Secretary of the Navy, and he proposed that the Constitution make a tour of the United States upon her completion as a gift to the nation for its efforts to help restore her. She emerged from drydock on 15 March 1930, and many amenities were installed to prepare her for the three-year tour of the country, including water piping throughout, modern toilet and shower facilities, electric lighting to make the interior visible for visitors, and several peloruses for ease of navigation.

No stranger to controversy, Constitution experienced another episode when Assistant Secretary of the Navy Ernest Jahncke made comments doubting the ability of the modern US Navy to still sail a vessel of her type. Veterans groups from around the country had proposed that she should make the tour under sail, but due to the schedule of visits on her itinerary she was towed by the minesweeper 「Grebe」號AM-43 (2). Nevertheless, she was recommissioned on 1 July 1931 under the command of Louis J. Gulliver with a crew of sixty officers and sailors, fifteen Marines, and their mascot, a pet monkey named Rosie. Setting out with much celebration and a 21-gun salute, the tour of 90 port cities along the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts began at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. She went as far north as Bar Harbor, Maine, on the Atlantic coast, south through the Panama Canal Zone, and north again to Bellingham, Washington, on the Pacific Coast. The Constitution returned to her home port of Boston in May 1934 after more than 4.6 million people had visited her during the three-year journey.

Bicentennial celebrations

Settled in Boston again, Constitution returned to serving as a museum ship, receiving 100,000 visitors per year. She was maintained by a small crew that watched over her and were berthed on the ship, requiring that a more reliable heating system be installed, eventually leading to a forced-air system in the 1950s and the addition of a sprinkler system that would help protect her from fire. On 21 September 1938 during the New England Hurricane, Constitution broke loose from her dock and was blown out into Boston Harbor where she collided with the destroyer 「Ralph Talbot」號DD-390 (2); she suffered only minor damage.

1947 stamp issued to commemorate the 150th anniversary of USS Constitution

With limited funds available, she experienced more deterioration over the years, and items began to disappear from the ship as souvenir hunters picked away at the more portable objects. In 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt placed her in permanent commission. General Bruce Magruder gave the nickname "Old Ironsides" to the 1st Armored Division of the United States Army in honor of the ship. In early 1941, she was assigned the hull classification symbol IX-21 and began to serve as a brig for officers awaiting court-martial. The United States Postal Service issued a stamp commemorating Constitution in 1947, and an act of Congress in 1954 made the Secretary of the Navy responsible for her upkeep.

In 1970 another survey of her condition was performed, this time finding that repairs were required, but not as extensive as those she had needed in the 1920s. The US Navy determined that an officer of the rank of Commander—typically someone with about twenty years of seniority—would be required as commanding officer, so as to have the experience to organize the maintenance she required. Funds were approved in 1972 for her restoration, and she entered drydock in April 1973, remaining until April 1974. During this period, large quantities of red oak were removed and replaced. The red oak had been added in the 1950s as an experiment to see if it would last better than the live oak, but it had mostly rotted away by 1970. Commander Tyrone G. Martin became her Captain in August 1974, as preparations for the upcoming United States Bicentennial celebrations began. Commander Martin set the precedent that all construction work on Constitution was to be aimed towards maintaining her to the 1812 configuration for which she is most famous. In September 1975 her hull classification of IX-21 was officially canceled.

The privately run USS Constitution Museum opened on 8 April 1976, and one month later Commander Martin dedicated a tract of land located at the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Indiana as "Constitution Grove." The 25,000英畝（100平方公里） now supply the majority of the white oak required for repair work. On 10 July Constitution led the parade of tall ships up Boston Harbor for Operation Sail, firing her guns at one-minute intervals for the first time in approximately 100 years. On the 11th she rendered a 21-gun salute to Her Majesty's Yacht Britannia as Her Majesty Elizabeth II and His Royal Highness Prince Philip arrived for a state visit. Her Majesty and His Royal Highness were piped aboard and privately toured the ship for approximately thirty minutes with Commander Martin and Secretary of the Navy J. William Middendorf. Upon their departure the crew of Constitution rendered three cheers for the Queen. Over 900,000 visitors toured "Old Ironsides" that year.

1995 reconstruction

Constitution entered drydock in 1992 for an inspection and minor repair period that turned out to be her most comprehensive structural restoration and repair since she was launched in 1797. Over the 200 years of her career, as her mission changed from a fighting warship to a training ship and eventually a receiving ship, multiple refittings had removed most of her original construction components and design. In 1993 the Naval History & Heritage Command Detachment Boston reviewed Humphreys' original plans and identified five main structural components that were required to prevent hogging of a ship's hull, as Constitution had at this point 13英寸（330 mm） of hog. Using a 1:16 scale model of the ship, they were able to determine that restoring the original components would result in a 10% increase in hull stiffness.

Using radiography, a technique unavailable during previous reconstructions, 300 scans of her timbers were completed to find any hidden problems otherwise undetectable from the outside. Aided by the United States Forest Service's Forest Products Laboratory, the repair crew used sound wave testing to determine the condition of the remaining timbers that may have been rotting from the inside. The 13英寸（330 mm） of hog was removed from her keel by allowing the ship to settle naturally while in dry dock. The most difficult task, as it had been during her 1920s restoration, was the procurement of timber in the quantity and sizes needed. The city of Charleston, South Carolina, donated live oak trees that had been felled by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, and the International Paper Company donated live oak from its own property. The project continued to reconstruct her to 1812 specifications even as she remained open to visitors, who were allowed to observe the process and converse with workers. The twelve million dollar project was completed in 1995.

Sail 200

Constitution sails unassisted for the first time in 116 years

Walter Cronkite takes the helm

As early as 1991, Commander David Cashman had suggested that Constitution should sail, rather than be towed, to celebrate her 200th anniversary in 1997. The proposal was approved, though it was thought to be a large undertaking since she had not sailed in over 100 years. When she emerged from drydock in 1995, a more serious effort began to prepare her for sail. As in the 1920s, education programs aimed at school children helped collect pennies to purchase the sails to make the voyage possible. Eventually her six-sail battle configuration would consist of jibs, topsails, and driver.

Commander Mike Beck began training the crew for the historic sail using an 1819 Navy sailing manual and several months of practice, including time spent aboard the Coast Guard cutter Eagle. On 19 July 1997 a free showing of the classic silent film Old Ironsides was given, with the film accompanist, organist Dennis James, using original materials by Hugo Riesenfeld, and period scores. During the scene depicting its battle with the Guerriere, the ship's actual cannon were fired in sync with the film. The next day, on 20 July, Constitution was towed from her usual berth in Boston to an overnight mooring in Marblehead, Massachusetts. En route she made her first sail in 116 years at a recorded 6節（11公里每小時；6.9英里每小時）, and was absent overnight from her berth in Charlestown for the first time since 1934. Embarked dignitaries included the Secretary of the Navy, Chief of Naval Operations, the Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps, US Senator Ted Kennedy, US Senator John Kerry, and journalist and avid recreational sailor Walter Cronkite.

The next day, 21 July, she was towed 5海里（9.3公里；5.8英里） offshore, where the tow line was dropped and Commander Beck ordered six sails set (jibs, topsails, and spanker). She then sailed for 40 minutes on a south-south-east course with true wind speeds of about 12 kn（22 km/h；14 mph）, attaining a top recorded speed of 4 kn（7.4 km/h；4.6 mph）. While under sail, her modern US naval combatant escorts, the guided missile destroyer 「Ramage」號DDG-61 (2) and frigate 「Halyburton」號FFG-40 (2), rendered passing honors to "Old Ironsides", and she was overflown by the US Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron, the Blue Angels. Inbound to her permanent berth at Charlestown she rendered a 21-gun salute to the nation off Fort Independence in Boston Harbor.

Present day

The mission of Constitution is to promote understanding of the Navy's role in war and peace through active participation in public events and education through outreach programs, public access, and historic demonstration. Her crew of 60 officers and enlisted participate in ceremonies, educational programs, and special events while keeping the ship open to visitors year-round and providing free tours. The crewmen are all active-duty members of the U.S. Navy, and the assignment is considered to be special duty. Constitution is the oldest commissioned warship afloat in the world.

Constitution fires a 21-gun salute toward Fort Independence on 4 July 2011

The Naval History and Heritage Command Detachment Boston is responsible for planning and performing her maintenance, repair, and restoration, keeping her as close to her 1812 configuration as possible. The detachment estimates that approximately 10–15 percent of the timber in Constitution contains original material installed during her initial construction period in the years 1795–1797.

Constitution is berthed at Pier One of the former Charlestown Navy Yard, at one end of Boston's Freedom Trail. She is open to the public year round. The privately run USS Constitution Museum is nearby, located in a restored shipyard building at the foot of Pier Two. Constitution typically makes one "turnaround cruise" each year during which she is towed out into Boston Harbor to perform underway demonstrations, including a gun drill, and then returned to her dock, where she is berthed in the opposite direction to ensure that she weathers evenly. The "turnaround cruise" is open to the general public based on a "lottery draw" of interested persons each year.

In 2003 the special effects crew from the production of Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World spent several days using Constitution as a computer model for the fictional French frigate Acheron, using stem-to-stern digital image scans of "Old Ironsides." Lieutenant Commander John Scivier of the Royal Navy, commanding officer of HMS Victory, paid a visit to Constitution in November 2007, touring the local facilities with Commander William A. Bullard III. They discussed arranging an exchange program between the two ships.

The Constitution sails under her own power in Boston Harbor, 200 years after her defeat of Guerriere.

Constitution emerged from a three-year repair period in November 2010. During this time the entire spar deck was stripped down to the support beams, and the decking overhead was replaced to restore its original curvature, allowing water to drain overboard and not remain standing on the deck. In addition to decking repairs, 50 hull planks and the main hatch were repaired or replaced. The restoration continued the focus toward keeping her appearance of 1812 by replacing her upper sides so that she now resembles what she looked like after her triumph over 「Guerriere」號1806 (6), when she gained her nickname "Old Ironsides". The crew of the Constitution and her commanding officer, Commander Matt Bonner, during the bicentennial observances of the War of 1812, sailed Constitution under her own power on 19 August 2012, the anniversary of her defeat of the Guerriere. Bonner is Constitution's 72nd commanding officer.

Bibliography

• Abbot, Willis J. The Naval History of the United States 1. Peter Fenelon Collier. 1896. OCLC 3453791. 
• ——. The Naval History of the United States 2. Peter Fenelon Collier. 1896. OCLC 3453791. 
• Allen, Gardner Weld. Our Navy and the Barbary Corsairs. Boston, New York and Chicago: Houghton Mifflin. 1905. OCLC 2618279. 
• ——. Our Naval War With France. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin. 1909. OCLC 1202325. 
• Beach, Edward L. The United States Navy 200 Years. New York: H. Holt. 1986. ISBN 978-0-03-044711-2. OCLC 12104038. 
• Carpenter, Edward, J. Old Ironsides (Uncorrected OCR text). The New England Magazine. 1897, 23 (3): 263–282. 
• Template:Colledge
• Fitz-Enz, David G. Old Ironsides: Eagle of the Sea: The Story of the USS Constitution. Lanham: Taylor Trade Publishing. 2004. ISBN 978-1-58979-160-2. OCLC 54778453. 
• Gardiner, Robert. Frigates of the Napoleonic Wars. London: Chatham Publishing. 2006. ISBN 978-1-86176-292-4. OCLC 65768049. 
• Hill, Frederic Stanhope. Twenty-Six Historic Ships. The Knickerbocker Press. 1905. OCLC 1667284. 
• Hollis, Ira N. The Frigate Constitution; The Central Figure of the Navy Under Sail. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin. 1900. OCLC 2350400. 
• Jennings, John. Tattered Ensign The Story of America's Most Famous Fighting Frigate, U.S.S Constitution. Thomas Y. Crowell. 1966. OCLC 1291484. 
• Maclay, Edgar Stanton; Smith, Roy Campbell. A History of the United States Navy, from 1775 to 1898 1 New. New York: D. Appleton. 1898 [1893]. OCLC 609036. 
• ——. A History of the United States Navy, from 1775 to 1898 2 New. New York: D. Appleton. 1898 [1893]. OCLC 609036. 
• Martin, Tyrone G. A Most Fortunate Ship: A Narrative History of "Old Ironsides". Naval Institute Press. 1997. ISBN 978-1-55750-588-0. OCLC 243901224. 
• Roosevelt, Theodore. The Naval War of 1812 or The History of the United States Navy during the Last War with Great Britain 3rd. New York: G.P. Putnam's sons. 1883 [1882]. OCLC 133902576. 
• Tashjian, James H. A Bicentennial History of the Armenian Community of Massachusetts. Armenian Review (Boston: Hairenik Association). Autumn 1975, 28 (3–111). 
• Toll, Ian W. Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the US Navy. New York: W. W. Norton. 2006. ISBN 978-0-393-05847-5. OCLC 70291925. 
• Tracy, Nicholas. Who's who in Nelson's Navy: 200 Naval Heroes. London: Chatham Publishing. 2006. ISBN 978-1-86176-244-3. OCLC 238896527. 
• Winfield, Rif. British Warships in the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. St. Paul: Seaforth / MBI. 2007. ISBN 978-1-84415-700-6. OCLC 216617748. 

Further reading

• Cooper, James Fenimore. Old Ironsides. Putnam's Monthly. 1853, I (V). 
• Hoyt, Edwin Palmer. Old Ironsides (Large Print). Thorndike: G.K. Hall. 2000. ISBN 978-0-7838-9151-4. OCLC 44468774. 
• Humphreys, Assheton Y. Tyrone G. Martin , 編. The USS Constitution's Finest Fight: The Journal of Acting Chaplain Assheton Humphreys, US Navy. Mount Pleasant: Nautical & Aviation Publishing. 2000. ISBN 978-1-877853-60-9. OCLC 44632941. 
• Wachtel, Roger. Old Ironsides (Elementary and Junior High School). New York: Childrens Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-516-24207-1. OCLC 50035427. 

External links

• USS Constitution Official homepage
• 3D Virtual Tour
• The Captain's Clerk—Extensive sources including ship logs, personnel rosters and research information
• Constitution and Grebe in Houston, 1932
• Maritimequest Constitution Photo Gallery
• USS Constitution Museum
• USS Constitution Sails for First Time since 1997
• USS Constitution Hosts Ship's Stamp Unveiling Ceremony

前任： Copp's Hill

Locations along Boston's Freedom Trail USS Constitution

繼任： Bunker Hill Monument

T10

《莫爾格街兇殺案》（The Murders in the Rue Morgue）是埃德加·愛倫·坡創作的短篇小說，於1841 年首次刊登在《格雷厄姆雜誌》上。該作被公認為第一部現代偵探小說，而愛倫·坡本人則將其歸入自己的「理性推理故事」系列。

C·奧古斯特·杜邦是巴黎的一位神秘案件破解者，成功偵破了兩位女性遭遇的惡性命案。多名目擊者雖聲稱聽到疑似嫌疑人的聲響，卻對其使用語言種類各執一詞。在兇案現場勘察過程中，杜賓提取到一根明顯不屬於人類毛髮特徵的生物組織。

作為文學史上首位偵探形象，愛倫·坡筆下的杜邦諸多標誌性特徵，這些特徵成為如夏洛克·福爾摩斯與赫爾克里·波洛等後世偵探形象的文學模板。這一原型體系包含三大核心要素：非凡智慧的偵探主體、承擔敘事功能的密友搭檔、以及先陳述結論再回溯推理過程的敘事框架——這一模式通過《瑪麗·羅傑奇案》與《失竊的信》中杜邦形象的延續得以完善，最終確立為偵探文學黃金法則。

主題與分析

杜邦就謀殺案質問水手的一幕。拜厄姆·肖為1909年倫敦版繪製的插圖，配文為「水手面紅耳赤，猛然起身，緊握短棍」。

在致友人約瑟夫·斯諾德格拉斯（Joseph Snodgrass）的信中，愛倫·坡如此評價《莫爾格街兇殺案》：「其核心在於展現偵破命案的智謀運用」。杜邦並非職業偵探，他調查莫格街血案純粹出於個人志趣，既懷著追尋真相的渴望，亦欲洗刷無辜者的冤屈。他對金錢毫不在意，甚至拒絕接受猩猩主人提供的酬金。當真正兇手（猩猩）被揭露時，罪責本身也隨之消解——畢竟動物與其主人都無法被追責。愛倫·坡研究專家亞瑟·霍布森·奎因推測，若換作後世偵探小說，被捕的勒邦先生很可能會被塑造成看似有罪的干擾線索，但愛倫·坡刻意迴避了這種手法。

愛倫·坡創作《莫爾格街兇殺案》時，正值因城市發展導致犯罪問題備受關注的時期。倫敦當時剛成立首個職業警察部隊，美國城市也開始注重科學警務工作，報紙則持續報道兇殺案與刑事審判。《莫爾格街兇殺案》延續了愛倫·坡小說中多次出現的都市主題，尤其是《人群中的人》，其靈感可能源自愛倫·坡在費城的生活經歷。

這個故事暗含腦力與體力對抗的隱喻。體力（以猩猩及其主人為象徵）代表暴力：猩猩是兇手，而其主人承認自己曾用鞭子虐待這隻動物，而偵探的智慧戰勝了他們的暴力。該故事也包含了愛倫·坡常用的主題——美麗女性的死亡，他稱此為「世上最富詩意的主題」。  

杜邦的手法

愛倫·坡以牌手為例定義杜邦的推理方法——邏輯推演：「所獲信息的多寡，與其說在於推理的有效性，不如說在於觀察的質量」。隨後，坡通過敘述實例說明杜邦如何知曉敘述者當時正想著演員尚蒂利（Chantilly）。杜邦最終將這一手法用於偵破此案。

杜邦的推理手法強調閱讀以及書面文字的重要性。新聞報道引起了他的興趣，他從法國動物學家喬治·居維葉的著作中獲取猩猩相關知識。這種方法也讓讀者通過自行閱讀線索參與破案。愛倫·坡同時突出口頭語言的力量：當杜邦向水手詢問兇殺案信息時，水手的反應如同瀕死之人——「水手面紅耳赤，仿佛正與窒息感搏鬥......旋即跌坐回椅中，渾身劇顫，面容猶如死屍」。

文學意義與評價

奧伯利·比亞茲萊為《莫爾格街兇殺案》所作的插圖，1895年

愛倫·坡傳記作者傑弗里·邁耶斯（Jeffrey Meyers）如此總結《莫爾格街兇殺案》的意義：它「改變了世界文學史」。這部常被視為首部偵探小說的作品，其主角杜賓成為後世眾多虛構偵探的原型，包括阿瑟·柯南·道爾的夏洛克·福爾摩斯和阿加莎·克里斯蒂的赫爾克里·波洛。偵探小說區別於一般懸疑故事，更側重於分析。愛倫·坡創偵探小說的貢獻，也在美國偵探作家協會每年頒發的埃德加獎中得到了體現。

《莫格街兇殺案》還確立了許多後來成為推理小說常見元素的敘事模式：古怪卻天才的偵探、笨拙無能的警方、由親密友人擔任的第一人稱敘述者。愛倫·坡還以冷漠筆觸刻畫警察形象，以此反襯偵探的智慧。愛倫·坡首創了「偵探先公布真相，後回溯推理過程」的敘事模式。這也是偵探小說史上首例「密室謎案」。但不同於後世眾多同類作品，愛倫·坡的這篇小說未給讀者提供合理推導真相的機會——畢竟鮮有讀者會將猩猩列入嫌疑人名單。

《莫爾格街兇殺案》問世時，其開創性的新穎特質及作者本人均獲盛讚。《賓夕法尼亞問詢報》（The Pennsylvania Inquirer）稱「這部作品證明愛倫·坡先生是位天才……其創造力與技巧無與倫比」。然而，愛倫·坡在致菲利普·彭德爾頓·庫克的信中刻意淡化了這一成就：

創作啟發

愛倫·坡創作《莫格街兇殺案》時，「偵探」（detective）一詞尚未出現，不過其他故事中也有類似的善於解決問題的人物。E·T·A·霍夫曼創作的《斯居戴里小姐》

（1819年）中，主角斯居戴里小姐（堪稱19世紀的馬普爾小姐）通過推理為珠寶商謀殺案中警方認定的嫌疑人洗冤，這部作品有時也被視為偵探小說的開山之作。其他先驅包括伏爾泰的《查第格》

（1748年），其主角展現了類似的分析能力，而這些情節元素又借鑑自義大利改編版《塞倫迪普的三個王子》

，該故事源自阿米爾·庫斯洛的《八重天堂》（Hasht-Bihisht）。

愛倫·坡也可能一直在擴展他自己早期的分析性著作，包括關於《梅爾策爾的棋手》

的論文以及喜劇《一周三個星期天》（Three Sundays in a Week）。至於情節的反轉，愛倫·坡很可能受到1839年7月費城共濟會大廳展出猩猩時觀眾反應的啟發。他或許通過與托馬斯·懷亞特（Thomas Wyatt）合作獲得了生物學相關的知識，並將「敘事與演化主題結合，尤其是居維葉的研究」，可能還受到蒙博多勳爵研究的啟發，不過有觀點認為坡的信息「文學性多於科學性」。

愛倫·坡筆下主角的名字可能源自1828年《伯頓紳士雜誌》連載的系列故事《法國警察總監維多克秘事錄》（Unpublished passages in the Life of Vidocq, the French Minister of Police）中名為「杜邦」（Dupin）的角色。坡很可能知曉這個講述分析型人物破解謀殺案的故事，儘管兩者情節幾無相似，但兩篇小說的謀殺受害者皆被割斷脖頸至頭顱幾近離體。杜邦在文中直接提及維多克，卻貶其為「擅於臆測之徒」。

T12

因《機動戰士 Gundam GQuuuuuuX》再度受關注，45 年前小說版《機動戰士高達》中令人驚嘆的情節是怎樣的？

《機動戰士高達》系列最新作《機動戰士 Gundam GQuuuuuuX》確定播出，劇場先行版《機動戰士 Gundam GQuuuuuuX -Beginning-》也已上映，無論是高達粉絲還是非粉絲群體，都沉浸在興奮之中。這是因為它帶來了與 2022 年登場的全新作品《機動戰士高達 水星的魔女》截然不同的驚喜，由此，系列創作者富野由悠季導演創作的小說版《機動戰士高達》受到了熱烈關注。原因究竟是什麼呢？

與電視動畫情節不同的小說版《機動戰士高達》

1979 年 11 月至 1981 年 3 月，《機動戰士高達》小說版由 Sonorama 文庫分 3 卷出版發行。在當時，網絡尚未出現，人們了解動畫信息大多只能通過雜誌，這部小說便成為深入了解作品的重要資料。1979 年 4 月至 1980 年 1 月播出的電視動畫人氣逐漸高漲，很多人為了確認劇情或重溫故事，紛紛入手這部小說。

小說第 1 卷的封面繪製著形象俊美、聲音迷人，且廣受好評的夏亞・阿茲納布爾，它還兼具周邊的功能。與負責《高達》角色設計的安彥良和繪製封面與插畫的高千穗遙《Crusher Joe》系列一樣，該小說成為了 Sonorama 文庫的招牌作品。

想必很多電視動畫粉絲在閱讀小說第 1 卷時都會不禁感到疑惑。以下內容引用自角川 Sneaker 文庫再版的小說，開篇便出現了 「阿姆羅・雷少尉、西亞安・克蘭克少尉、濱谷・林少尉三人駕駛的核心戰鬥機出擊」 這樣的描寫，在此之前還能看到龍・何塞少尉、凱・西汀少尉等名字。

阿姆羅、凱和濱谷從一開始就是軍人。在電視動畫中，Side 7 遭到夏亞・阿茲納布爾部隊的襲擊，混亂之際，濱谷和凱逃進了入港的白色基地，阿姆羅則偶然登上了能開動的高達，並一同搭乘上白色基地。隨後，阿姆羅作為最擅長駕駛高達的駕駛員大顯身手，覺醒為新人類，立下赫赫戰功，一路將吉翁逼至投降。

一個毫無經驗的少年突然操控最先進的機甲，決定宇宙規模戰爭的走向，這樣的情節很能滿足人們對英雄故事的喜愛，但從現實角度來看卻有些難以令人信服。或許讓阿姆羅一開始就是軍人，能使他登上高達的情節更具說服力，提升故事的真實感。

逃離夏亞的襲擊並離開 Side 7 後，小說版的故事走向也與電視動畫不同。他們搭乘的並非白色基地，而是 「飛馬號」，並且沒有躲避夏亞的追擊前往地球，而是留在宇宙繼續戰鬥。之後，他們擊退了卡爾馬・扎比的攻擊，使其戰死，緊接著便迎來了阿姆羅與拉拉・辛的相遇。在電視動畫中，這本是接近尾聲才會出現的情節，在小說版第 1 卷就出現了。

在 1979 年 11 月小說版第 1 卷發行時，電視動畫中拉拉才剛剛登場，之後她在阿姆羅的覺醒過程中發揮了重要作用。這樣一個在《機動戰士高達》系列中占據核心地位的角色，在小說版里卻似乎只是個過客，著實令人意外。

此外，從小說第 2 卷開始，同樣是新人類的女性駕駛員庫絲可・阿露登場，她與阿姆羅的關係比拉拉更為緊密。這算是更換女主角了嗎？雖說可以這麼認為，但阿姆羅同時還與 「金髮小姐」 塞拉・瑪斯建立了深厚的關係。這無疑刺激到了那些因電視動畫《機動戰士高達》而產生興趣的中學生們。

富野導演的作品向來如此，即便作品受眾包括兒童，也絕不會省去男女之間可能發生的情節。庵野秀明在同人誌《機動戰士高達 逆襲的夏亞 友之會》中採訪富野導演時也指出：「能讓人聯想到性的，只有富野先生的動畫！」 小說版中不僅有聯想，還隱隱暗示了一些直接行為，讓人不禁為之興奮。

《機動戰士 Gundam GQuuuuuuX Beginning》自上映以來，憑藉入場特典、特別影像放映等話題，即便已過去近一個月，熱度依舊不減。這部備受關注的作品，其參考來源很可能是富野由悠季創作的小說版《機動戰士高達》。這部小說不僅影響了《GQuuuuuuX Beginning》的前半部分，還極有可能對正片產生影響。

小說版《機動戰士高達》於 1979 年至 1981 年由朝日 Sonorama 出版，之後經過修訂的角川 Sneaker 文庫版（全 3 卷）問世，如今相對容易買到。作者是曾擔任《機動戰士高達》導演的富野由悠季（出版時署名 「富野喜幸」）。

這部小說版因內容與動畫截然不同而聞名。故事和結局幾乎完全不同，比如主人公阿姆羅・雷從一開始就是軍人，拉拉很早就退場，動畫正片中未出現的角色庫斯科・阿爾作為重要人物登場，以及阿姆羅在故事後期戰死等，差異之處數不勝數。雖然標題和登場人物名字與動畫相同，但更準確地說，這是富野由悠季引用這些元素重新構建的科幻小說。

實際上，這部小說版在寫作方面並不出色。動畫版前半部分講述 「從 Side 7 拼命逃脫的難民船狀態的白色基地，一邊擺脫敵人追擊，一邊將高達送到地球」，後半部分是 「逐漸覺醒的阿姆羅和白色基地的船員們，再次挑戰在宇宙中與吉翁的戰鬥」，整個故事張弛有度。而小說版全篇都在描繪宇宙戰鬥，第 1 卷前半部分，在月球二號放下平民（包括芙勞・鮑）後，飛馬號（相當於動畫版白色基地的機動戰士母艦）的船員就作為正規部隊被編入聯邦軍，主要作為小規模的佯攻部隊輾轉作戰。與動畫版 「宇宙→地球」「地球→宇宙」 的起伏節奏相比，小說版在相似場景反覆進行類似戰鬥，情節展開顯得平淡。

此外，登場人物的台詞和旁白都充斥著大量解釋，而且這些解釋非常抽象。角色動不動就開始冗長的議論性對話，旁白也會突然對角色心情進行說明，還會突然插入奇怪的擬聲詞，讀起來十分費勁，讓人疲憊。在這些與故事無關的內容中，有很多明顯能看出是富野導演本人的觀點。或許富野導演腦海中能清晰地看到故事結局和場景畫面，但卻給讀者一種被忽視的感覺。我之前讀的時候，差點在第 1 卷就放棄了。

不過，小說版《高達》並非毫無魅力。閱讀這部小說，能讓人感受到如今因續作和設定不斷疊加而難以看清原貌的《機動戰士高達》最初的樣子。畢竟在創作這部小說時，沒人能想到高達會成為一個持續 45 年以上的系列作品。正因如此，它才能作為與電視版平行的故事，寫出阿姆羅戰死這樣的情節。

也就是說，小說版《高達》蘊含著如今難以想像的 「沒有續作概念時的高達形象」「富野導演拋開續作和大規模商業考量而構思的故事」。角川 Sneaker 文庫版的後記中寫道：「在出版新版本時，曾想修改阿姆羅戰死的結局，使其能與後續作品銜接，但怎麼都做不到，只能厚著臉皮出版接近原版的內容。」 正是因為沒有修改，「原初高達」 的面貌才得以完整保留。

那麼，「原初高達」 究竟是什麼呢？簡單來說，「在富野導演心中，高達是關於新人類（New Type）的故事」。動畫版《機動戰士高達》的特點是有魅力十足的軍人配角，以及各式各樣的機甲，展現出逼真的戰場劇情。但在小說版中，這些元素大多被捨棄，轉而聚焦於人類在宇宙中如何生存、會發生怎樣的變化，以及人類即便發生變化卻只能被當作戰爭工具，這樣的存在是多麼悲哀等問題，是一部剔除了其他元素的純粹小說。

關於 「新人類是什麼」 這一點，小說中有較為明確的定義。在第 3 卷中，人類的第一次文藝復興被定義為 「從猿到人的變革」，第二次文藝復興是 「從封建時代進入中世紀文明的人類」，而第三次文藝復興則設想出現 「獲得宇宙的新人」。書中對 「新人」 的描述是 「能將更廣闊的時空納入同一認知範圍，從而對每一件事物都具備更深刻的洞察力和更溫柔態度的人」，這可以說是小說版《高達》中覺醒的新人類的定義。這一定義能看出受到了《2001 太空漫遊》的影響。

關於覺醒，第 3 卷中還寫道：「當每個人沉睡的大腦細胞被喚醒時，人就會發生改變。」 從這裡能看出，當時富野導演認為：「人類向廣闊宇宙進發時，與在地球的認知範圍相比，需要憑藉某種感覺去認識更廣闊的範圍。實現這一點的通常是功能大半處於沉睡狀態的大腦，當大腦開始運作，就會出現能夠認識更廣闊時空、洞察和感知事物的人類。」

小說版《高達》對新人類的存在進行了深入思考，而且作品中的所有設定都是為了描繪新人類之間的相遇和戰鬥。比如米諾夫斯基粒子 「使雷達失效」 的設定，讓巨大機器人之間的近身戰鬥得以成立。小說版沿用了這一設定，將其作為故事的切入點 ——「由於只能目視尋找敵人，大腦感知視線外敵人的功能被喚醒。以阿姆羅為首的新人類在戰鬥中不斷磨練這種能力，並相互產生感應」。這個讓真實系機器人動畫得以成立的設定，在小說版中成為了新人類出現的條件。

《高達 ACE》小說版《機動戰士高達》特輯引關注，重印亦成熱點，受《GQuuuuuuX》啟發，美樹本晴彥繪製封面

《月刊高達 ACE》5 月號

3 月 26 日，漫畫雜誌《月刊高達 ACE》（角川書店）5 月號正式發售。該期雜誌以富野由悠季創作的小說版《機動戰士高達》為主題進行特輯報道。據悉，以《高達》系列最新作《機動戰士 Gundam GQuuuuuuX（ジークアクス）》的劇場先行版《機動戰士 Gundam GQuuuuuuX -Beginning-》為契機，小說版《機動戰士高達》成為熱門話題，此次迎來重印，故而雜誌決定製作相關特輯。 【寫真特集】震撼！夏亞的驚艷造型，還有夏莉婭・布爾、紅色高達，《GQuuuuuuX》熱門視覺圖大公開

本期雜誌特別刊載了小說版第 3 卷中阿・巴瓦・庫戰役的內容，封面插畫由美樹本晴彥全新繪製。

此外，同樣因復刊引發關注的遊戲書《機動戰士高達 0079 灼熱的追擊》體驗版也在雜誌中刊載，附錄為該作品的插畫海報。

＜解說＞重版引發熱議的小說版《高達》，再度受關注的原因，也受《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX》影響

人氣動漫《高達》系列第一部作品《機動戰士高達（初代高達）》的小說版重版發行，引發了熱議。該小說由導演富野由悠季在電視動畫播出時親自創作，第 1 卷於 1979 年由 Sonorama 文庫（朝日 Sonorama）出版。這部約 46 年前出版的小說再次受到關注，很大程度上似乎是受系列最新作品《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX》的影響。【圖片】重版引發熱議的小說版《高達》是怎樣的？結局不同！？還有美樹本晴彥的新繪作品

「綠大叔」 的人氣是原因之一

小說版最初只計劃出版第 1 卷，但在初代高達掀起熱潮的背景下，最終構成了全 3 卷。1987 年，角川 Sneaker 文庫（KADOKAWA）版發行。由於其劇情展開與電視動畫及 3 部劇場版不同，也被稱為 「另一個初代高達」。

在電視動畫系列播出之前，《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX》部分集數重新編排的劇場先行版《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX -Beginning-》於 1 月 17 日開始上映。劇場先行版在保留 「劇透」 的情況下公開，上映後大家得知這是以宇宙世紀為舞台的作品，在 1979 - 1980 年播出的初代高達中為人熟知的 「紅色彗星」 夏亞・阿茲納布爾、夏莉婭・布爾等人都有登場，從而引發了話題。

其中，夏莉婭・布爾在社交平台上被稱為 「綠大叔」 等，人氣頗高。夏莉婭・布爾是在初代高達電視動畫第 39 話《新人類，夏莉婭・布爾》中僅登場 1 話的角色，在 3 部劇場版中並未出現。小說版描繪了他不同於動畫的活躍表現，這或許也是他再次受到關注的原因。「綠大叔」 的人氣，大概也是小說重版的契機之一。

與動畫不同的意外劇情展開

小說版的設定與動畫不同。例如，主人公阿姆羅・雷在動畫中的設定是平民，而在小說版中則作為駕駛員候補生，也就是以軍人的身份登場。小說里還描繪了阿姆羅和塞拉・瑪斯的戀愛故事，以及夏亞不同於動畫的活躍表現，對於只看過動畫的人來說，其中有些情節展開十分令人驚訝。由於涉及劇透，這裡就不詳細說明了，但阿姆羅的結局也與動畫大相逕庭。

小說版《初代高達》也是富野導演的首部小說作品。他還創作了《機動戰士高達 逆襲的夏亞 貝托蒂嘉的子嗣》《機動戰士高達 閃光的哈薩維》《機動戰士 V 高達》等小說，這些作品的情節展開也都與動畫不同。據說，以《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX》為契機，此前從未看過《初代高達》的年輕人開始觀看其電視動畫系列和 3 部劇場版。希望大家也能重新關注 「小說家富野由悠季」。

塞拉失禁，與阿姆羅發生肉體關係……《高達》小說版中所描繪的 「人性的複雜」 精髓

。

由富野由悠季監督親自執筆的小說版《高達》，有著與 TV 動畫截然不同的故事展開。讓我們一同走進這部充滿了如塞拉與阿姆羅的親密場景等 TV 動畫無法呈現的、鮮活現實的 「另一個高達」 世界。

為何與 TV 版差異如此之大？

富野由悠季監督所創作的 「高達」 系列，至今仍不斷有新故事誕生。該系列不僅有動畫作品，也有小說版本，其中還有富野監督親自撰寫的作品。

1979 年，在 TV 動畫播出的同一年發行的小說版《機動戰士高達》，是一部由全 3 卷構成的長篇小說。其內容並非 TV 動畫的原作，與動畫故事也沒有直接關聯。確切地說，它穿插了許多小說原創情節，是一個全新的故事。比如，當前正在播出且備受關注的《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX（ジークアクス ）》中的重要角色 「夏利亞・布爾」，在小說版中的出場次數比 TV 動畫版更多。

此外，小說中描繪了主人公 「阿姆羅・雷」 與女主角之一 「塞拉・瑪斯」 的床戲場景，並且以阿姆羅死亡作為結局，充滿了衝擊讀者的要素。

那麼，為什麼同樣是出自 TV 動畫監督之手，小說內容卻與動畫差異如此之大呢？

小說版更直觀地展現戰場的殘酷

與 TV 動畫版相比，小說版《機動戰士高達》整體上有更多血腥的描寫。「高達」 系列本就是以描繪戰爭為主題，出現血腥描寫也在情理之中。不過，考慮到 TV 動畫面向包括兒童在內的觀眾，並且當時並非深夜檔而是傍晚時段播出，所以必須要遵循放送規則，因此直接的殘酷畫面相比現在的 TV 動畫來說較為克制。

而小說版則沒有這些限制，其中的描寫更加直白。小說中生動地展現了人們在戰爭中的犧牲。例如，下面這段對燒焦屍體的強烈描寫就極具衝擊力：

「原本以為是燒焦木頭的物體表面脫落了。下面露出了肉色。那是三文魚般的粉色，有著微微凸起毛細血管的、美麗而嫩滑的肉色。阿姆羅的腳蹭掉了燒焦屍體背上的皮。他一邊想著為什麼在漆黑碳化的皮膚下會有如此美麗的顏色，一邊感到一陣強烈的嘔吐感，好不容易忍住才繼續奔跑。」（第 1 卷，P50）

這段文字生動地傳達出了戰場的恐怖。類似這樣的描寫在小說版中隨處可見，可以說，小說版比 TV 動畫版更深入地刻畫了戰場的真實面貌。

從這一點來看，能強烈感受到小說版想要嚴厲批判戰爭這種愚蠢人類行為的意圖。在這樣的背景下，人類進化方向 「新人類」 的重要性更加凸顯。通過加入戰爭中這些殘酷的描寫，讓人更加深刻地認識到人類為何必須要進一步進化，增強了作品的說服力。

性描寫中所蘊含的人性的不變之處

《機動戰士高達 I》 著：富野由悠季／插畫：美樹本晴彥（KADOKAWA）

在這些生動的描寫之中，對阿姆羅和塞拉的性描寫也是本作的一大特色。在戰場上，女性往往處於被粗暴對待的境地。軍隊是男性主導的社會，作品中也出現了一些帶有輕蔑意味的台詞，似乎在印證這一點。

「駕駛高達、鋼加農的時候啊，操作比核心戰鬥機還要精細。比抱女人的時候還要精細……！哼！在這次的戰鬥中人員不斷減少，對於我們這些根本沒抱過女人的傢伙來說，除了打敗吉翁、占有吉翁的女人，已經沒有別的路可走了！把這些都給我牢牢記住！」（第 1 卷，P23）

這是阿姆羅他們的上司拉爾夫中尉說的話，這番話仿佛在表明，戰爭勝利的一方擁有隨意占有女性的權利。而塞拉以及 「米萊・八洲」 等女性角色，正是在有這種歧視女性言論的環境中工作。這大概就是充滿性暴力的戰場現實。

然而，為了避免這類錯誤，軍隊也有嚴格的紀律。實際上，小說中暗示軍隊內部的男女之間發生性接觸屬於違反紀律，但有趣的是，書中也描繪了在實際執行過程中存在的 「真心話與表面原則」。

「阿姆羅的私人房間裡有金髮女子（筆者註：指塞拉），這是違反軍規的。不過，作為日常慣例，通常不會因此受罰。如今軍隊中有 30% 的女性軍人，只要遵守最低限度的規範，同宿是被允許的。不能在實踐過程中進行，就寢和起床時要在指定的床上，必須是私人房間，不能是預備役。只要遵守以上五條規定，就不會受到處罰。所以在有些宿舍，就寢時間過後人員可以自由進出。」（第 2 卷，P140）

軍人也是有血有肉的人，雖然軍隊紀律很重要，但在實際執行時似乎也採取了符合現實的靈活方式。

阿姆羅在書中也被描繪成一個有著性衝動的普通少年。他雖是新人類，但並沒有豐富的此類經驗，並且也清楚自己還是個 「青澀的 15 歲少年」。這個性場景的描寫，可以說是在展現阿姆羅試圖表現成熟的一面。

另一方面，塞拉在這個場景中，是在向阿姆羅傾訴了自己對哥哥夏亞的感情之後發生的，感覺她像是為了填補對哥哥無法釋懷的情感空缺，才接受了阿姆羅的邀約。從某種意義上來說，阿姆羅可以算是哥哥的替身或者替代品吧。

這種事情在男女之間或許很常見。但考慮到本作描繪了新人類這種高等存在，以及人類向宇宙進發的未來，這些描寫的重要性就凸顯出來了。它強調了無論人類進化到何種程度，人類的行為模式和內心糾葛都不會改變。

而且，通過這個場景，也突出了阿姆羅作為少年的那種幼稚的一面。以下描寫展現了阿姆羅與塞拉共度一夜後的心情：

「這種男女之間模糊不清的關係可不行…… 塞拉真正的想法，大概只是希望哥哥能將感情傾注在自己身上。要想讓她忘卻這份感情，並不需要成為新人類，只要是能吸引塞拉的男人就行。然而，此時的阿姆羅還沒有那樣的判斷力。< 中略> 而且，自己也不夠成熟。我還稱不上是個男人，還是個內心軟弱的少年。」（第 2 卷，P150）

通過這樣的描寫，我們能看到一個渴望長大卻還不夠成熟的阿姆羅。可以說，相比 TV 動畫版，小說版把他描繪得更加貼近真實的人。

順便一提，小說版中還有這樣的描寫：阿姆羅最後戰死，那時塞拉失禁了。至於為什麼會有這樣的描寫，並不明確，也許是想要描繪人在被燒死會化為焦炭、進食就會排泄這種最普通不過的狀態。但或許也有必要思考一下，將這樣的描寫寄托在女性角色身上是否合適。

儘管有這樣的場景，但總體而言，在真實描繪人類行為這一點上，小說版比 TV 動畫版更寫實。可以說，相比 TV 動畫版，小說版的故事更具人性。

在第 1 卷後記中，大德哲雄的話很是恰當：

「我認為，《機動戰士高達》最大的魅力，果然還是這部作品的『人情味』。曾經有過像這樣，與我們處於同一維度，往好了說是充滿了人的溫度，往直白了說就是滿是人性複雜的作品嗎？」（P290，第 1 卷）

這段話用來形容小說版《機動戰士高達》再合適不過。這部小說將人性複雜的一面展現得淋漓盡致，而非停留在抽象的概念上，打造出了與 TV 動畫截然不同的魅力。雖然結局和情節展開都與 TV 動畫版不同，但卻有著作為另一個故事的獨特魅力。

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塞拉的「下體毛」被當做護身符…《高達》小說版引發「對中學生來說刺激太強」的聲音

在《機動戰士高達》的小說版中，塞拉·瑪斯（Sayla Mass）這一角色的某些描寫引發了粉絲的廣泛討論。尤其是小說中提到的一個細節——塞拉的「下體毛」被用作護身符的情節，讓許多讀者感到震驚。這一描寫出現在《機動戰士高達 III》中，由原作者富野由悠季親自撰寫，相比動畫版，小說版加入了更多大膽且富有爭議性的內容。

對於當時的年輕讀者，尤其是中學生來說，這種描寫顯得過於直白且具有衝擊力。一位讀者在社交媒體上表示：「我在初中時讀到這一段，感覺完全無法接受，太刺激了！」類似的聲音在網絡上屢見不鮮，許多粉絲回顧這段內容時，紛紛表示雖然高達系列以其深刻的戰爭主題和人性探討著稱，但小說版的某些細節確實超出了他們的預期。

小說版《機動戰士高達》與動畫版相比，不僅在劇情上更加細緻，還增加了一些動畫中未曾出現的背景故事和角色內心描寫。例如，塞拉作為故事中的關鍵女性角色之一，她的個人經歷和情感糾葛在小說中被進一步挖掘。然而，「下體毛護身符」這一情節卻成為了討論的焦點，許多人認為這一描寫過於離奇，甚至有些違和。

儘管如此，小說版的獨特風格也吸引了一部分忠實粉絲。他們認為，富野由悠季通過這些大膽的描寫，試圖展現戰爭中人性複雜的一面，以及角色在極端環境下的心理狀態。一些評論家指出，這種爭議性的內容正是小說版試圖突破動畫框架、探索更深層次主題的體現。

此外，小說版的插畫由美樹本晴彥繪製，其細膩的畫風為故事增添了額外的魅力。然而，插畫中並未直接呈現這些爭議性描寫，更多聚焦於角色的情感表達和戰鬥場景的視覺化。

對於現代讀者來說，這部出版於幾十年前的小說依然具有討論價值。一些粉絲認為，這些「刺激」的描寫雖然在當時顯得前衛，但如今看來或許是作者對人性與戰爭的另類表達。也有讀者表示，這種內容在今天可能難以被主流接受，尤其是在面向年輕觀眾的媒體中。

總結：

《機動戰士高達》小說版以其大膽的描寫和深刻的主題引發了爭議，尤其是塞拉·瑪斯的「下體毛護身符」情節，讓不少讀者感到震驚。儘管如此，這部作品依然是高達系列的重要組成部分，展現了富野由悠季在創作上的獨特視角。對於現代讀者，這部小說既是經典的回顧，也是一個值得探討的文化現象。

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阿姆羅在一年戰爭結束前戰死 小說版《高達》中不同於正史的命運

鮮為人知的小說版阿姆羅的設定

在《機動戰士高達》主人公 「阿姆羅・雷」 的軼事裡，有時會談到與動畫版不同的小說版中的命運。下面讓我們結合動畫版和小說版的差異，來回顧一下這個鮮為人知的小說版中的阿姆羅吧。

這裡所說的 「小說版」，是指《高達》在電視播出期間，作為朝日索諾拉瑪社的標籤 「索諾拉瑪文庫」 的系列作品之一發行的版本。第 1 卷的發行日期是 1979 年 11 月 30 日。現在則是由 「角川 Sneaker 文庫」 發售。

撰寫這部小說的是《高達》的總導演富野喜幸（現：富野由悠季）先生。後來富野先生曾表示 「想要創作一個不被贊助商左右的獨立世界」。從這一點來看，小說版或許可以說是富野先生所意圖打造的原本的高達世界。

小說版中登場的阿姆羅，從登場時就與動畫版有很大的不同。在動畫版中他是 15 歲（一說 16 歲）的平民，而在小說版中則是 19 歲的飛行員候補生，階級是曹長。並且故事是從阿姆羅進行核心戰鬥機的訓練開始的。

順便一提，母艦是白色基地級一號艦 「飛馬」 號。而在動畫版中是白色基地號的飛馬級，可以說完全相反。既有像這樣只是名稱的變更點，也有像阿姆羅這樣設定大幅改變的角色。

阿姆羅的設定變更對故事產生了不小的影響。因為在動畫版中，作為平民的阿姆羅通過戰鬥不斷成長的情節是故事的主線之一，而在小說版中這部分被省略了，故事變得更加簡單。

或許正因如此，故事的節奏也更快，小說版中沒有降落到地球，舞台僅設定在宇宙。具體來說，在 Side 7 的戰鬥中，阿姆羅駕駛 「高達」 擊退了 「扎古」，之後搭載著難民逃脫，這部分的情節發展是相同的。

之後前往月神二號，期間受到 「夏亞・阿茲納布爾」 的干擾，與 「吉翁公國軍」 的宇宙據點 「加利福尼亞基地」 由 「卡爾瑪・扎比」 率領的加烏部隊展開戰鬥。這些全部都是發生在宇宙中的事件。

在這場戰鬥中卡爾瑪戰死，「飛馬」 號到達了月神二號。在月神二號放下難民後的 「飛馬」 號，受到 「雷比爾將軍」 對其此前功績的稱讚，正式作為第十三獨立部隊前往 「德克薩斯殖民地」。此時，船員們也同時得到晉升，阿姆羅成為了少尉。

在德克薩斯，阿姆羅與夏亞的扎古以及 「拉拉・辛」 的 「艾爾美斯」 交戰。阿姆羅在這裡第一次與拉拉相遇，儘管產生了感應，但還是擊墜了 「艾爾美斯」。然而，在這場戰鬥中高達嚴重受損，阿姆羅乘坐核心戰鬥機逃脫。

最後以 「宇宙世紀 0080 年，戰爭仍未結束……」 這樣一句話，第 1 卷的故事落下帷幕。

2024 年目前發售的角川 Sneaker 文庫版第 3 卷封面。《機動戰士高達 III》 著：富野由悠季／插畫：美樹本晴彥（角川書店）

阿姆羅被擊墜的合理原因

隨後發行的小說版第 2 卷《機動戰士高達 II》中，故事從 「地球聯邦軍」 攻陷月球上的吉翁軍據點 「格拉納達」，「基西莉亞・扎比」 撤退開始。

那時乘坐核心戰鬥機逃脫的阿姆羅被 Side 6 的民用船隻救助，與 「飛馬」 號的夥伴們重逢。並且作為之前戰鬥中被擊毀的 「飛馬」 號和高達的替代，接收了白色基地級二號艦（在後續記述中是三號艦）「飛馬 J（朱尼厄斯）」 號以及高達 3 號機 「G3」，新成立了 「第百二十七獨立戰隊」。

另一方面，夏亞也作為基西莉亞準備的新人類部隊指揮官，接收了新型 MS（機動戰士）「里克・德姆」，麾下有了 「夏里亞・布爾」 和 「庫斯科・阿爾」 等新人類成員。

庫斯科・阿爾與阿姆羅的戰鬥成為了第 2 卷故事的核心。同時還設計了阿姆羅與夏亞的妹妹 「塞拉・瑪斯」 產生情感糾葛的成人向劇情發展。

作為完結篇的小說版第 3 卷《機動戰士高達 III》有著波瀾壯闊的劇情發展。雷比爾將軍率領艦隊向吉翁的宇宙要塞 「阿・巴瓦・庫」 進發。在其背後，位於宇宙要塞 「所羅門」 的 「多茲魯・扎比」 緊追不捨。「飛馬 J」 號與多茲魯的艦隊交戰，阿姆羅擊墜了多茲魯的 「大扎姆」。

在這之後的簡報會上，「飛馬 J」 號的船員們認為，為了結束戰爭，應該討伐 「基連・扎比」。阿姆羅也認為如果有夏亞的協助就好了。

另一方面，夏亞也得知基連打算利用 「所羅門鐳射」 連同聯邦軍艦隊一起消滅基西莉亞。此時夏亞也考慮是否能與阿姆羅合作打倒基連。偶然的是，阿姆羅和夏亞的想法一致。

為了向阿姆羅傳達信息，夏里亞駕駛 「布拉烏・布魯」 號出擊。因為 「布拉烏・布魯」 號的 「零・精神感應系統」 更容易向對方傳達意志。然而，隨著 「所羅門鐳射」 的第一次發射，情況發生了變化。這一擊導致數萬人瀕死，他們的痛苦給新人類帶來了巨大的壓力。

結果，阿姆羅雖然聽著夏里亞的勸說，但還是在混亂中擊墜了 「布拉烏・布魯」 號。然而，就在那時夏里亞的意識直接傳遞過來，阿姆羅終於理解了。儘管眼睜睜看著 「小林隼人」 的 「鋼加農」 被擊墜，阿姆羅還是呼籲與夏亞停戰。

就在這時，沒有察覺到阿姆羅行動變化的夏亞部下 「勒魯瓦・吉列姆」 擊墜了 「G3」。消散的阿姆羅的意志擴散到夥伴們心中，「飛馬 J」 號與夏亞達成了同盟。

另一方面，勒魯瓦喃喃自語道 「我…… 做了無法挽回的事……」，滿是後悔。這和曾經的阿姆羅如出一轍。結果夏亞的政變成功，小說版在戰爭結束時落下了帷幕。

阿姆羅本可以與拉拉、庫斯科、夏里亞這樣的新人類相互理解，卻將他們擊墜，從他生命最後這與自己曾經所作所為相同的部分，讓人不得不感受到這或許就是阿姆羅的 「業」 吧。

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《機動戰士高達》小說版對兒童而言可能為時尚早：阿姆羅之死讓富野導演也深感後悔…？

未與續作銜接的最終決戰走向

1979 年 4 月開始 TV 播出的《機動戰士高達》，其實存在富野由悠季導演（當時名為富野喜幸）創作的小說（小說化）版本。該版本於 1979 年至 1981 年由朝日 Sonorama 出版，其故事並非單純照搬動畫，稱其為以《高達》為題材的另一部作品也不為過。其中最大的差異在於主人公阿姆羅・雷的結局。

動畫版中，以宇宙要塞阿・巴瓦・庫為舞台展開地球聯邦軍與吉恩公國軍的最終決戰，阿姆羅在與宿敵夏亞・阿茲納布爾的單挑中倖存，挺過了一年戰爭；而小說版中，阿姆羅遭受夏亞部下的攻擊戰死。

值得注意的是，在富野導演的其他小說版作品，如《機動戰士 Z 高達》（1985 年、1986 年，講談社出版）、《機動戰士高達 逆襲的夏亞 貝托蒂嘉的子嗣》（1988 年，角川 Sneaker 文庫出版）中，阿姆羅均存活登場，這與小說版《機動戰士高達》的內容缺乏連貫性。

對於同一小說版卻出現後續作品無法銜接的情況，富野導演在之後再版的角川文庫（現角川 Sneaker 文庫）版第三卷後記中坦言 「深感愧疚」。

敘事舞台的取捨與角色命運的改寫

小說版故事僅在宇宙展開，刪減了動畫版中以地球為舞台的情節。

即便如此，動畫版第 6 話《加爾瑪出擊》至第 10 話《加爾瑪隕落》中登場的重要人物、夏亞的同學加爾瑪・扎比，在小說版中仍有戲份。不過，他的結局與動畫版不同：並非被夏亞逼入絕境而死，而是對阿姆羅等人乘坐的宇宙戰艦 「佩加索斯」（動畫版為 「白色基地」）發動無謀特攻時反遭殲滅，夏亞則處於試圖阻止他突擊的立場。

此外，動畫版中與阿姆羅有直接交集、雖為吉恩軍士官卻令人信服的成年人蘭巴・拉爾，在小說版中直至故事結束都與阿姆羅未曾謀面。

阿姆羅的情感線：小說版的大膽展開

小說版中最令人驚訝的是，夏亞的妹妹塞拉・瑪斯與阿姆羅發展為戀人關係。阿姆羅此前就將塞拉稱作 「金髮小姐」，在互動中兩人關係逐漸親密。

除了與塞拉的感情線，小說版還刻畫了阿姆羅與吉恩軍女性駕駛員庫斯科・阿爾有發展關係的可能，展現出阿姆羅旺盛的生命力。相比之下，動畫版中的阿姆羅雖對女性有過心動，卻並未與任何人確立關係。這或許與動畫版阿姆羅設定為 15 歲、小說版為 19 歲有關。

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《高達》中的「拉拉·辛」究竟是什麼人？小說版的「隱秘過去」（1/2頁）

對兒童而言略顯複雜的 「拉拉」 形象

在動畫正片中充滿謎團的少女拉拉，是連接《高達》系列中 「阿姆羅・雷」 與 「夏亞・阿茲納布爾」 的新人類少女。然而關於她的出身和背景，動畫正片中提及甚少。

1979 年 TV 動畫版《機動戰士高達》官網對拉拉的簡介僅為 「被夏亞撿到的孤兒，在弗拉納甘機構長大的新人類少女」，她的出生地、被夏亞撿到的時間等過去經歷完全未知。

在與動畫並行創作的首部小說版《機動戰士高達》（著：富野由悠季 / KADOKAWA）中，拉拉被設定為出身於通稱 「魯姆」 的 「Side 5」 某宇宙殖民地。一年戰爭初期，她在 Side 5 的戰火中失去雙親，好不容易逃到 Side 6 時與夏亞相遇，後被託付給 「弗拉納甘機構」。

而在基於動畫版展開的 1997 年小說《密會 阿姆羅與拉拉》（著：富野由悠季 / KADOKAWA）中，拉拉的身份與小說版《高達》不同：

拉拉從記事起就在印度城市 「德里」 的孤兒院生活，9 歲時被娼館 「卡巴斯」 收養，養父以印度古典《愛經》為教材，向她灌輸性與愛的知識。17 歲時她迎來首位客人，之後每月與數名被稱為 「戀人」 的男性客人交往。

因未能保護扎比家么子 「加爾瑪・扎比」 而被軍隊驅逐、一度流浪地球的夏亞，在接到任務前往印度時造訪卡巴斯，成為拉拉的客人，並邀請她前往宇宙。拉拉雖拒絕了邀請，但對當下的生活並不認同，伺機從卡巴斯逃走。逃亡時被卡巴斯僱傭的男子包圍，夏亞現身向追兵交付金塊，以贖身的形式救下拉拉。

無論是突遭變故的小說版《高達》中的生活，還是《密會》中雖衣食無憂卻以身體謀生的日子，拉拉的人生都遠超普通生活的殘酷。

在動畫中拉拉首次登場於故事接近尾聲時。在宇宙殖民地 「Side 6」 休假的阿姆羅，為了躲突如其來的雨而進入湖畔小屋，與她相遇。之後，車輪脫軌的阿姆羅被同樣駕車路過的夏亞和拉拉救下。

《密會》中雖也有類似的邂逅，但阿姆羅在離開殖民地前與拉拉重逢，並為途中獲救一事向她道謝。儘管雙方都清楚彼此敵對的立場，但阿姆羅在人性層面仍對拉拉懷有好感。

面對著眼於現在與未來的純粹、因傷害對手而心懷痛苦的阿姆羅，拉拉對他的印象也並不差。最大的問題在於拉拉已對夏亞心生愛慕，或許正如拉拉所說，阿姆羅 「來得太晚了」。

《密會》中的拉拉，對夏亞既感到幸福與愛意，又像對待過去的 「戀人」 一樣，表現出迎合他喜好的舉動。對雖將她視為女性產生衝動、卻也尊重其人性的阿姆羅，拉拉也有著同樣複雜的情感。

在電影《機動戰士高達 逆襲的夏亞》中，夏亞與阿姆羅爭執時曾宣稱：「拉拉・辛可能會成為像我母親那樣的女性。」 這或許也是因為拉拉只懂得以 「接納一切」 的方式生存，對夏亞亦是如此相待的結果。

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《高達》為何TV版與小說版不同？富野導演的「讀者服務精神」造就的結局

人氣作品總會在網絡上衍生出各種話題，擁有 45 年歷史的《機動戰士高達》也不例外，其話題之多正是人氣的證明。然而其中不乏讓製作人員也不禁疑惑 「為何會這樣？」 的 「都市傳說」，比如近日看到的 「主人公阿姆羅本應在 TV 版結局死去」 的說法。

該說法的依據是系列導演兼原作者富野由悠季在動畫播出後創作的小說，其中阿姆羅最終戰死。

讀者產生這樣的誤解或許情有可原，但需要明確的是：小說版與 TV 正片是完全不同的創作。

商業動畫（尤其是當時的製作公司原創作品）即便標註個人 「原作」，內容也由多位工作人員共同決定，並非單一創作者的獨斷。

《高達》正片的故事，是導演在綜合系列構成星山博之、松崎健一等編劇，以及企劃矢立肇等人的討論後完成的。

而小說版是動畫播出後，富野導演以 「是否也可以有這樣的結局？」 為出發點獨自創作的。

據與富野導演關係密切的工作人員透露，導演曾在對話中提到 「如果和 TV 版一樣，讀者會覺得無聊吧」，字裡行間充滿他一貫的 「服務精神」。

小說版反映了作者的個人創作風格，筆者也曾參與小說化創作，其中內容與正片差異較大。但正規出版的小說版均獲得版權方製作公司的許可，從這個角度看屬於 「官方」 範疇。

正片與小說版孰優孰劣由觀眾決定，但斷言 「原作者寫的才是正確的」 難免片面。若在網絡上宣稱其為 「正確答案」，可能會因以訛傳訛形成誤導性的都市傳說，還請各位注意。

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《高達》小說版中的夏亞 「沒算計（朋友）」……？他為何能保持形象完美？

小說版中歷經艱辛的夏亞

在《機動戰士高達》的角色中，要說人氣高的角色，那當屬 「夏亞・阿茲納布爾」 吧。不僅在播出當時，在之後製作的續篇中，他也作為主要角色活躍著。

有時，不同作品中的夏亞在性格和角色特質上會存在差異。如此想來，最初登場的夏亞，即 TV 動畫版的夏亞，或許最接近他原本的形象。

然而，更有可能展現夏亞原本形象的，或許是富野喜幸（現：富野由悠季）監督在 TV 播出期間親自撰寫的 「小說版《機動戰士高達》」。當然，其他角色也同樣如此。

之所以這麼說，是因為小說版是懷著不迎合贊助商的意圖創作的，角色的心境也被認為最接近當時富野監督的構想。從這一點來看，或許可以說小說版《機動戰士高達》是僅由富野監督的想法構建而成，既不受贊助商影響，也不受其他工作人員意見左右的作品。

正因如此，除了 「與 TV 動畫版大不相同的故事」 之外，更值得關注的點在於角色的心境。在 TV 動畫中，通過表演對角色行為的解讀可能會有所不同。然而，在文字形式的小說中，角色的心境被詳細地解說。

帶著這樣的關注點去閱讀，我個人覺得小說版中與 TV 動畫版差異最大的角色是夏亞。

看看故事開頭夏亞的處境，就能明顯察覺到與 TV 動畫版的不同之處。小說版中的夏亞幾乎得不到部下的信任。準確地說，他被年長的部下們視為 「毛頭小子」。

在 TV 動畫版中，曾是可靠副官的 「德倫」 以及夏亞所搭乘的 「姆塞」 號的艦長 「特拉姆」 也對他很疏遠。當然，他的能力是被認可的，但或許正因他晉升得太快，反而成了被嫉妒的對象。

因此，侵入 「Side 7」 的 「德尼姆」 和 「吉恩」 的行動也有所不同。無視命令的是德尼姆，吉恩只是聽從了他的命令。為了在身為 「靠扎比家得以晉升的毛頭小子」 的夏亞面前展示自己的技能，出於功名心，德尼姆搶先行動了。

在 Side 7 的這場戰鬥之後，夏亞投身於與士官學校同期的 「卡爾瑪・扎比」 的共同戰線。此時的夏亞，明知危險，仍駕駛著彈藥所剩不多的 「扎古」 前去支援卡爾瑪，口中說著與卡爾瑪的友情，內心也想著能幫上一點是一點。

然而，結果和 TV 動畫版一樣，卡爾瑪在喊出 「吉翁公國萬歲」 後犧牲了。目睹這一幕的夏亞受到了極大的打擊。也就是說，小說版中的夏亞並沒有 「算計」 卡爾瑪。

從小說版的描寫來看，除了對扎比家的復仇之心，夏亞與卡爾瑪之間的友情似乎是真摯的。與卡爾瑪的相遇，似乎淡化了他對扎比家的復仇之心。

由於對扎比家的復仇之心減弱，小說版中的夏亞開始更重視亡父 「吉翁・茲姆・戴肯」 的理想。也就是依靠 「新人類」 來構建新的世界。

這是 「算計（朋友）」 的夏亞。《機動戰士高達 THE ORIGIN 11》 著：安彥良和／原案：矢立肇、富野由悠季／機械設計：大河原邦男 （角川書店）

夏亞改變的原因是拉拉

夏亞認為，為了實現新人類構建的新世界，必須打倒扎比家。正是因為理解他的這份心情，作為 「基連・扎比」 的間諜被派來的 「夏里亞・布爾」 對夏亞給予了信任。

因此，夏里亞作為可靠的副官，開始輔佐夏亞。為了回應這份心意，夏亞也摘下了面具，露出了真面目。這樣的情節發展或許可以說是與 TV 動畫版完全相反的關係。

這在很大程度上也與此時夏亞已經失去了 「拉拉・辛」 有關。儘管他對拉拉有被吸引的部分，但並沒有陷入因她的死而無法自拔的狀態，這一點與 TV 動畫版有很大的不同。

除此之外，對於 「基西莉亞・扎比」 的秘書 「瑪格麗特・林・布雷亞」，夏亞還有過 「希望她能為自己生孩子」 這樣的情節。不被過去所束縛，著眼於未來，這似乎就是小說版中的夏亞。

而且，由於 「圍繞拉拉的紛爭」 不那麼激烈，夏亞在戰爭末期開始尋求與 「阿姆羅・雷」 合作。不僅是阿姆羅，以他為首的 「飛馬 J（朱尼厄斯）」 號（小說版中的 「白色基地」）的船員們也有同樣的想法，大家都開始考慮討伐戰爭的元兇基連。

結果，合作得以實現，但卻出現了阿姆羅死亡這一令人震驚的情節發展。阿姆羅死後化作精神體，說服了剩下的船員們，最終實現了與夏亞的合作。

合作後的 「飛馬 J」 號和基西莉亞的部隊進攻了吉翁公國的根據地 「Side 3」。被逼入絕境的基連被基西莉亞開槍打死。緊接著，夏亞說了聲 「那麼……」，轉動自己 「里克・德姆」 的手掌，讓剛被槍擊的基西莉亞從上面墜落而死。也就是所謂的背叛。

此後，地球聯邦軍和吉翁公國簽訂了和平條約，戰爭結束了。「德金・索德・扎比」 退位，在 「達爾西亞・巴哈羅」 首相的領導下，吉翁恢復了共和制。夏亞留在了軍隊，「飛馬 J」 號船員中的半數獲得了吉翁國籍。

順便說一下，以這樣的情節發展為基礎的故事，可以在遊戲《基連的野望》系列的 「卡斯巴爾篇」 等中看到。

雖然說得有些倉促，但這或許就是小說版中夏亞的經歷吧。給人一種不使用權謀之術，而是基於與他人的信任採取行動的印象。從這一點來看，或許與安彥良和先生所畫的漫畫《機動戰士高達 THE ORIGIN》中的夏亞完全相反。

他在人際關係中努力掙扎的樣子，讓人不禁聯想到後來製作的 TV 動畫《機動戰士 Z 高達》中的 「夸托・巴吉納」。如此想來，富野監督最初對夏亞的印象，或許就像夸托一樣，是重視與同伴之間信任的形象。

從與曾經的宿敵 「飛馬 J」 號的船員以及阿姆羅的合作來看，富野監督直到《Z 高達》時對夏亞的印象，或許更接近小說版。如果沒有劇場版《機動戰士高達 逆襲的夏亞》的製作，夏亞或許會走上一條不同的道路。

當然，無論走哪條路，夏亞作為《高達》系列的人氣角色，都已經確立了他的地位。

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小說版《機動戰士高達》對《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX》有何影響？富野由悠季描繪的 「原初高達」 風貌

高達系列最新作《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX Beginning》，憑藉入場特典、特別影像放映等內容，在公開近一個月後仍話題不斷。這部備受矚目的作品，其參考藍本疑似富野由悠季創作的小說版《機動戰士高達》。該小說不僅影響了《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX Beginning》的前半部分，還可能對正片產生了影響。

小說版《機動戰士高達》於 1979 年至 1981 年由朝日索諾拉瑪出版。之後經修訂的角川 Sneaker 文庫版（全 3 卷）問世，目前這一版本相對容易獲取。作者是擔任過《機動戰士高達》監督的富野由悠季（出版時署名 「富野喜幸」 ）。

這部小說版以內容與動畫截然不同而聞名。其故事和結局幾乎完全不同，比如主人公阿姆羅・雷從一開始就是軍人，拉拉較早退場，動畫正片中未登場的角色庫斯科・阿爾成為重要人物，以及結尾阿姆羅戰死等，兩者的差異數不勝數。雖然標題和登場人物名字與動畫相同，但更準確地說，這是富野由悠季引用這些元素重新構建作品世界的科幻小說。

實際上，這部小說版作為小說來說，質量並非上乘。動畫版以 「拼死從 Side 7 逃出、難民船狀態的白色基地，一邊擺脫敵人追擊，一邊將高達送到地球的前半戰」 和 「逐漸覺醒的阿姆羅與白色基地的船員們，再次挑戰宇宙中與吉翁戰鬥的後半戰」 這種形式，使整個故事張弛有度。而小說版全篇都是宇宙戰鬥。在第 1 卷前半部分，在月神二號放下平民（包括芙勞・鮑）後，飛馬號（相當於動畫版白色基地的機動戰士母艦）的船員作為正規部隊被編入聯邦軍，主要作為小規模的佯動部隊輾轉作戰。與整體有著 「宇宙→地球」「地球→宇宙」 節奏變化的動畫版相比，小說版反覆呈現相似地點的相似戰鬥，展開顯得平淡。

此外，登場人物的台詞和旁白過於注重解釋，且解釋十分抽象。角色動輒長篇大論地展開看似高深的對話，旁白也會突然開始解釋角色的心情，還會突然插入奇怪的擬聲詞，讀起來非常吃力。在這些與故事無關的 「噪音」 中，有很多明顯像是富野監督個人的主張。或許在富野監督心中能看到故事的結論和場景畫面，但卻給人一種忽視讀者感受的感覺。我之前讀的時候，差點在第 1 卷就放棄了。

不過，這部小說版並非毫無魅力。閱讀它，能讓人領略到如今因續作和設定相互交織而難以看清最初面貌的《機動戰士高達》故事的原始形態。畢竟在這部小說創作之時，沒人能想到高達會成為延續 45 年以上的系列作品。正因如此，它才得以作為與電視版平行的故事，寫出阿姆羅在結尾戰死的情節。

也就是說，小說版《機動戰士高達》蘊含著如今難以想像的 「不考慮續作時期的高達形象」「富野監督拋開續作和大規模商業因素構思的故事」。在 Sneaker 文庫版的後記中提到，「在發行新版時，曾試圖修改阿姆羅戰死的結局，使其能與後續作品銜接，但怎麼改都不行，只好含羞以接近原版的形式發行」。正因為沒有改寫，「原初高達」 的風貌才得以完整保留。

那麼，「原初高達」 究竟是什麼呢？簡單來說，「在富野監督心中，高達是關於新人類的故事」。動畫版《機動戰士高達》的特點是塑造了極具魅力的軍人配角，登場了各式各樣的機甲，展現了生動的戰場劇情。而在小說版中，這些元素大多被刪減。取而代之的是，小說聚焦於人類在宇宙中如何生存、在宇宙中人類會發生怎樣的變化，以及人類的變化只能被當作戰爭工具，這樣的人類是多麼可悲等問題，是一部剔除其他元素、內容緊湊的小說。

關於 「新人類是什麼」，小說中有相當明確的定義。在第 3 卷中，人類的第一次文藝復興被定義為 「從猿到人的變革」，第二次文藝復興是 「從封建時代獲得中世紀文明的人類」，並設想第三次文藝復興會出現 「獲得宇宙的新人類」。書中對 「新人類」 的定義是 「能將更廣闊的時空納入同一認知範疇，從而對每一件事物都具備更深刻的洞察力與更溫和態度的人」 。這可以說是小說版《機動戰士高達》中覺醒的新人類的定義。這一定義能看出受到了《2001 太空漫遊》的影響。

關於覺醒，第 3 卷中還提到 「當每個人沉睡的腦細胞被喚醒時，人就會發生改變」 。由此可知，當時富野監督認為，「人類向廣闊的宇宙進發時，與在地球的認知範疇相比，需要通過某種感覺去認識更廣闊的範圍」「完成這一過程的通常是大半功能處於沉睡狀態的大腦，當大腦開始運作時，就會出現能夠認知更廣闊時空、洞察和感知事物的人類」 。

小說版《機動戰士高達》對新人類的存在進行了極為深入的思考，而且劇中所有的設定都是為了描繪新人類之間的邂逅與戰鬥。例如，米諾夫斯基粒子 「使雷達失效」 的設定，讓巨大機器人之間的近戰成為可能。小說版沿用了這一設定，將其作為 「只能目視尋找敵人，因此喚醒了感知視野外敵人的大腦功能。以阿姆羅為首的新人類在戰鬥中磨礪這種能力，並相互產生感應」 這一故事的切入點。使真實系機器人動畫得以成立的設定，在小說版中成為了新人類出現的條件。

夏亞與夏里亞的關係，在小說版《機動戰士高達》和《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX》中有何不同？

富野由悠季小說版《機動戰士高達》的影響

在《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX Beginning》中，對一年戰爭的全新演繹讓觀眾大為震撼。其中，最具衝擊力的情節當屬前半部分：夏里亞・布爾成為夏亞的得力助手，駕駛著酷似 「布拉烏・布魯」 的機動裝甲 「基凱洛加」，與夏亞組成雙機編隊，歷經一年戰爭，助力吉翁走向勝利。不難看出，夏里亞和夏亞的這種關係，受到了富野由悠季小說版《機動戰士高達》的影響。

小說版《高達》與動畫版存在諸多差異，對夏里亞・布爾的描寫便是二者的顯著區別之一。在動畫版中，夏里亞・布爾僅在第 39 話《新人類，夏里亞・布爾》作為客串角色登場，他以從木星歸來的吉翁軍官身份亮相，駕駛機動裝甲 「布拉烏・布魯」 參戰，最終被高達擊墜而戰死。儘管他具備新人類的資質，但從劇情角度來看，「阿姆羅反應速度過快，致使高達操縱系統損壞」 的描寫更為令人印象深刻，這一話里他更像是個僅登場一集的客串反派。不過，夏里亞淪為類似 「炮灰」 角色，似乎也與播放時長縮短有關。如果電視版能按原計劃播出 52 集，他應該會成為更具存在感的角色。

相比之下，小說版的夏里亞在故事中期登場。小說版共 3 卷，在動畫版中給人留下深刻印象的拉拉・辛在第 1 卷結尾便戰死，夏里亞則在拉拉戰死後登場，被編入基西莉亞麾下、由夏亞指揮的新人類部隊。他駕駛 「里克・德姆」 與夏亞並肩轉戰，最後駕駛 「布拉烏・布魯」 與阿姆羅對峙，試圖憑藉新人類的力量，邀請阿姆羅合作，共同打倒引發大戰的元兇基連，承擔著重要使命。

無論怎麼看，《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX》裡夏里亞的定位都更接近小說版。小說版中，除夏里亞外還有多名新人類駕駛員與夏亞一同作戰，而夏里亞被塑造成隊伍中年長且沉穩的角色，深受夏亞信任。雖然他沒有像在《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX》裡那樣，憑藉雙機編隊助力吉翁大獲全勝，但他作為角色的重要性以及和夏亞的深厚關係，都與動畫版大相逕庭。在《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX》以 「新人類問題為主軸構建故事」 時，肯定參考了小說版中的夏里亞形象。

然而，並非只有夏里亞的角色特性在小說版和動畫版中存在差異。作為高達系列中極具代表性的複雜角色，夏亞在小說版和動畫版中的行為和給人的印象也截然不同。

小說版和動畫版的夏亞，在卡爾瑪・扎比戰死這一情節上的表現差異顯著。動畫版里，夏亞煽動對白色基地的攻擊，企圖陷害卡爾瑪，最後誘導卡爾瑪駕駛 「加烏」 追擊高達，還背叛了他。卡爾瑪最後駕駛 「加烏」 試圖對白色基地發動自殺式攻擊，卻被躲開，高呼 「吉翁公國萬歲！」 後戰死。動畫版的夏亞主動設局，將視他為摯友的卡爾瑪逼向死亡。

小說版的情節則有所不同。卡爾瑪作為吉翁在月球二號監視聯邦軍的據點 「加利福尼亞」 的司令官登場。夏亞將搭載高達的 「飛馬」 號逼向加利福尼亞方向，打算與卡爾瑪的部隊聯手夾擊。但卡爾瑪在阿姆羅駕駛的高達及 「飛馬」 號船員的奮戰下反而被反擊，駕駛著 「加烏」 被擊墜。

在這場戰鬥中，夏亞並沒有陷害卡爾瑪的意圖。他將 「飛馬」 號逼向加利福尼亞方向，純粹是為了與卡爾瑪協同作戰，書中也並未提及他有暗殺扎比家幼子的想法。當卡爾瑪誤判形勢準備衝向 「飛馬」 號時，夏亞腦海中甚至閃過 「木馬號會幫我報父仇，我默默看著就好」 的念頭，還忍不住呼喊卡爾瑪 「停下！」。小說版的夏亞絕非主動謀劃殺害卡爾瑪。

在動畫版中，夏亞謀害卡爾瑪的行為，讓他陷入了無法回頭的境地。夏亞本是風度翩翩的貴公子，但親手用謀略害死視自己為好友的卡爾瑪後，他愈發覺得必須讓扎比家徹底滅亡。而這種略顯 「半途而廢」 地達成消滅扎比家的目標，也讓夏亞此後的人生充滿波折，到了《逆襲的夏亞》中，他甚至試圖重置全人類。夏亞人生的轉折點，或許就是 「為了一己私利，百分之百地害死好友」 這一經歷，原本的他或許根本無法承受如此沉重的罪孽。

但小說版的夏亞並未有此行為。他對卡爾瑪的死確實有所反應，但並非他策劃了謀殺。相反，夏亞還想讓卡爾瑪通過與聯邦新兵器作戰來建功立業，甚至試圖阻止發動自殺式攻擊的卡爾瑪。

仔細想想，在動畫版中，夏亞雖率領部隊，卻給人更多獨自戰鬥的印象，很少展現他帶領由幾台機動戰士組成的部隊衝鋒陷陣、發揮團隊協作的畫面。而小說版里，他率領著基西莉亞交給他的新人類部隊，努力與以夏里亞為首的部下協同作戰。甚至在故事結尾，他登上 「飛馬 Jr.」 號的艦橋與船員們見面時，也沒有表現出怪異扭曲的態度，而是大大方方地自我介紹，還與自己的妹妹塞拉鄭重道別。

從這些方面可以看出，與動畫版和《THE ORIGIN》相比，小說版的夏亞性格開朗、極具協調性，人格更為圓潤。這個版本的夏亞，無論是面對部下還是敵人，都能構建良好的人際關係，也願意相信阿姆羅所展現的 「人與人之間的和諧」。與動畫版中為了淨化全人類，不惜讓阿克西斯墜落地球的夏亞相比，二者幾乎判若兩人。

小說版夏亞對夏里亞的情感

小說版的夏亞對夏里亞抱有純粹的好感。在首次組隊與敵人作戰時，看到夏里亞操控機體躲避光束，夏亞評價道：「說不定他比歷經實戰的我還要出色」。對於夏里亞成為自己的部下，他甚至想著 「要是這是基連總帥的安排，那我得好好感謝他」，可見他對夏里亞的欣賞之深。當然，夏亞也察覺到夏里亞身負基連的秘密使命，但他也堅信 「若我的野心是正義的，他定會從旁支持我」。夏亞很早就盤算著將夏里亞拉進自己的陣營，一起踐行推翻扎比家、憑藉新人類的力量在宇宙中開闢新秩序的宏大目標。

面對夏亞的欣賞，夏里亞也全力回應。小說中有這樣的情節：夏亞對眾人說 「在你們面前，我就不設防了」，隨後在夏里亞面前摘下頭盔和面具，露出真容。看到他的素顏後，夏里亞不禁感嘆：「沒想到他的素顏竟如此溫和」。身為新人類的夏里亞能夠直接感知他人的思維。他感受到了夏亞內心的矛盾，既有對未來的強烈渴望，又有著不為人知的陰暗面，但這種矛盾的心境卻讓夏里亞感到 「一種震撼的感動」。通常擁有這類複雜思想的人，面容會顯得精明而銳利，可夏亞的臉上卻沒有這種精明。這讓夏里亞大為感慨。

確實，如前文所述，小說版的夏亞沒有那種讓人反感的精明。他既不會算計卡爾瑪，也不會無故刁難部下，即便面對敵人，必要時也會伸出援手，為了心中認定的正義目標勇往直前。正因為與這樣的人並肩作戰，在故事結尾，夏里亞才會下定決心，哪怕犧牲性命，也要與阿姆羅進行精神層面的溝通。當夏亞責備他 「你總該有個牽掛的人吧，別做傻事」 時，夏里亞回應道：「我無父無母，沒有愛人，也沒有孩子…… 但男人有時就是會欣賞另一個男人」 。也就是說，小說版中夏里亞如此傾心於夏亞，是因為小說版的夏亞與動畫版截然不同，他能力出眾、真誠熱情，還善於主動與人親近。

這種差異十分顯著。尤其是在 「男人欣賞男人」 這一點上，小說版極具說服力。反觀《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX》中的夏亞，似乎不像小說版那般率真豪爽。在最終決戰的關鍵時刻，他謀劃著讓聯邦和扎比家兩敗俱傷，全然不顧及隊友，這種玩弄權謀的形象，在我看來更接近電視版的夏亞。當然，《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX》是對 「動畫版《高達》」 的重新演繹，出現性格類似動畫版夏亞的角色也在情理之中。但要說同一部隊的駕駛員之間交流的純粹感，以及這類角色並肩作戰時結果的可信度，我認為小說版中夏亞和夏里亞的關係更勝一籌。

所以，（在正片開始前的當下）我認為，相比《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX》中夏亞和夏里亞的關係，小說版的情節邏輯更通順，作為同一部隊成員相互配合的結果，也更具說服力。當然，《機動戰士高達 GQuuuuuuX》正片開播後，情況或許會有所不同，但在探討夏亞和夏里亞的關係時，小說版絕對不容忽視。如果您對夏里亞・布爾這個角色，或是他與夏亞的關係感興趣，強烈推薦您讀一讀小說版。

《高達》為何動畫版和小說版不一樣？富野監督的 「讀者服務精神」 造就的結局

《機動戰士高達》 「阿姆羅本應在最後死去」，這一都市傳說的真相是什麼？

「監督創作的小說版內容才是正確的」，這是誤解？

人氣作品在網絡上總是話題不斷，有著 45 年播出歷史的《機動戰士高達》，話題眾多，這也證明了它經久不衰的人氣。

不過，在這些話題中，有不少對於參與作品製作的人來說，會忍不住疑惑 「怎麼會這樣呢？」，也就是所謂的 「都市傳說」。

前幾天我看到一則消息，其內容可以理解為 「主人公阿姆羅原本設定在 TV 版系列最後會死去」。

這一說法的依據是系列監督、同時也作為原作者為人熟知的富野由悠季監督，在動畫播出後撰寫出版的小說。在小說里，阿姆羅最後死亡。

確實，對於既是觀眾又是讀者的人來說，有這樣的想法也情有可原。

但是，希望大家能知道，所謂的小說版和播出的 「正片」 是不同的。

商業動畫，尤其是當時製作公司的原創作品，即使有個人署名 「原作」，其內容也是眾多工作人員共同參與決定的，並非由某一位創作者獨自決定。

《高達》正片的故事，是在系列構成星山博之、松崎健一等編劇，以及在此之前負責企劃的矢立肇等人的討論基礎上，由監督進行整合才完成的。

然而小說版，只是在正片播出後，富野監督個人出於 「這樣的結局也不錯吧」 的想法創作出來的。

有證據表明，和富野監督關係非常密切的工作人員，曾在交談中聽到監督說 「要是和 TV 版一樣，（讀者）不是會覺得很無聊嗎」，這話充分體現了監督為讀者著想的服務精神。

小說版會反映出作者個人的創作風格。就像我，以前寫的小說版作品也和正片有很大不同。不過，通過正規渠道發行銷售的小說版，都獲得了版權方製作公司的許可，從這個角度來說，它是 「官方」 的。

正片和小說版，大家更喜歡哪一個，由觀眾自行決定就好。但要是就此認定 「原作者寫的就是正確的」，在我看來這種想法有些淺薄。而且，如果在網絡等平台將其描述為 「正確答案」，就會像傳聲筒遊戲一樣歪曲事實，變成 「令人困擾的都市傳說」，所以還請大家多多注意。

《高達》中的 「拉拉·辛」 究竟是什麼身份？小說版中的 「隱秘過往」

大家都很熟悉的 「拉拉・辛」，在僅觀看動畫正片的情況下，由於信息有限，再加上她的戲份特點，實在是個充滿神秘色彩的角色。富野監督在小說中描繪的她的身世，確實有些內容在電視動畫裡不太好展現。

對小朋友來說有點難懂的 「拉拉」

在動畫正片中，拉拉是個謎團重重的少女。（配圖：「GGG 機動戰士高達 拉拉・辛」（Megahouse）(C) 創通・Sunrise ）

在《高達》系列中，作為連接 「阿姆羅・雷」 和 「夏亞・阿茲納布爾」 的新人類少女 「拉拉・辛」 ，關於她的出身和背景，在動畫正片中的描述比想像中要少。

1979 年 TV 動畫版《機動戰士高達》官方網站上，拉拉的簡略履歷僅僅寫著 「曾是孤兒，被夏亞收留，在弗拉納根機構長大的新人類少女」，她的出生地、被夏亞收留的時間等過往經歷，完全是未知數。

在與動畫同步創作的初代小說版《機動戰士高達》（作者：富野由悠季／KADOKAWA ）中，拉拉被記載為出身於宇宙殖民地 「Side 5」，這裡通常被稱為 「魯姆」。在一年戰爭初期，拉拉捲入了 Side 5 爆發的戰火，在此期間父母雙亡，好不容易逃到 Side 6 時遇到了夏亞，之後被託付給了 「弗拉納根機構」。

1997 年，以動畫版為基礎展開故事的小說《密會 阿姆羅與拉拉》（作者：富野由悠季／KADOKAWA ）中，拉拉的身世與小說版《高達》有所不同。

拉拉從懂事起就生活在印度城市德里的一家孤兒院。9 歲時被妓院 「卡巴斯」 帶走，養父還引用印度古典《愛經》，向她傳授有關性與愛的知識。17 歲時，拉拉迎來了第一個客人，此後每月會接待數次被稱為 「戀人」 的男性顧客。

因沒能保護好扎比家的小弟 「卡爾瑪・扎比」，夏亞一度被軍隊放逐，在地球流浪。後來他被軍隊召回，前往印度執行任務時，來到了卡巴斯並成為了拉拉的客人，還邀請拉拉前往宇宙。拉拉雖然拒絕了邀請，但她對當下的生活並不滿意，於是伺機逃離卡巴斯。在逃跑過程中，拉拉被卡巴斯僱傭的人包圍，這時夏亞出現，他給了追捕者金塊，以贖身的方式救下了拉拉。

無論是小說版《高達》中原本看似平常的生活突然被奪走，還是《密會》裡雖能保證衣食住行卻要出賣身體的生活，都讓人感覺拉拉過著極為艱苦的人生。

對小朋友來說更難懂的《密會》中的拉拉

在動畫中，拉拉初次登場是在故事接近尾聲的時候。在宇宙殖民地 「Side 6」 休假的阿姆羅，為了避雨匆忙躲進湖畔的小屋，在那裡與她相遇。之後，同樣乘車路過的夏亞和拉拉，救助了汽車脫輪的阿姆羅。

在《密會》裡，也有類似的邂逅情節。不過，阿姆羅在離開殖民地之前與拉拉再次見面，並向她道謝。儘管雙方都清楚彼此處於敵對立場，但阿姆羅從人性的角度出發，對拉拉懷有好感。

阿姆羅有著凝視當下與未來的純粹，以及因傷害戰鬥對手而內心痛苦的善良。對於這樣的阿姆羅，拉拉對他的印象也並不差。最大的問題在於，拉拉的心早已傾向夏亞，就像拉拉說的那樣，阿姆羅或許真的 「來得太晚了」。

在《密會》中，拉拉一方面對夏亞懷有幸福與愛意，另一方面，她又像對待過去的 「戀人」 那樣，刻意做出能讓夏亞開心的舉動。面對阿姆羅，她也是如此，即便看到了阿姆羅的人性閃光點，面對阿姆羅作為男性對她產生的衝動，她同樣如此應對 。

在電影《機動戰士高達 逆襲的夏亞》中，與阿姆羅爭吵之後，夏亞直言 「拉拉・辛本可能成為我的母親那樣的女人」。或許這也是因為，拉拉只懂得 「接納一切」 的生活方式，她對夏亞也是如此，才有了這樣的結果。

《高達》宇宙要塞 「阿・巴瓦・庫」 的名字是怎麼來的？來問問富野監督

《機動戰士高達》最終決戰的舞台

2025 年，《機動戰士 Gundam GQuuuuuuX（ジークアクス ）》成為動漫粉絲們熱議的話題之一。隨著電視放送的開啟，未來的熱度更是值得期待。而作為所有系列基礎的 1979 年版《機動戰士高達》，人氣依舊不減。得益於《機動戰士 Gundam GQuuuuuuX》的上映，這個系列在初次對 「高達」 世界產生興趣的新一代觀眾中也引發了熱議。或許正因如此，不管是好是壞，至今仍流傳著各種類似都市傳說的傳言和猜測。 昨天有人問我：「阿・巴瓦・庫這個名字是誰取的？又是從何而來？」 關於這個問題，主要有兩種傳言：

• 神奈川縣橫濱市的 「青葉區（日語發音：アオバク）」 是名字的靈感來源。
• 名字取自一種幻獸。「青葉區」 的說法顯然站不住腳。因為在《高達》播出的 1979 年，橫濱的青葉區還不存在，它是在 1996 年（平成 6 年）11 月才成立的，《高達》播出 15 年後才有了這個區。不過，這說法似乎也只是被當作玩笑談資。

那麼 「幻獸」 的說法呢？據說這名字源於《一千零一夜》中幻獸名字的英譯，用片假名寫出來是 「ア・バオ・ア・クゥー」（寫法似乎有多種） 。至於這是種怎樣的幻獸，如果您感興趣，可以自行去了解。但這個說法是真的嗎？

於是，我日前直接向製作當時負責劇本和科幻設定的松崎健一先生詢問了此事。 長話短說，這個名字並非松崎先生自己的創意，而且似乎也不是其他編劇提出的。我曾參與過幾部作品的文藝創作，對此也有同感。 在我從 20 世紀 70 年代後期到 80 年代的經驗中，作品中的名稱，在項目初期通常是由負責系列構成的主要編劇、監督，涉及商標相關事宜時還會有贊助商、有時電視台也會參與討論後決定。但隨著系列的推進，比如只在某幾集登場的事物名稱，往往是由負責的編劇或設計師來擬定。

不過，「阿・巴瓦・庫」 作為作品接近尾聲時的重要舞台，並非 「一次性」 的設定，所以很可能在監督的策劃階段就已經確定，也就是說，大概率是富野監督決定的。松崎先生也認同這一點（提到青葉區的說法時，松崎先生也不禁大笑） 。 如此一來，看來只能直接去問富野監督了。話雖如此，監督一直都很忙，如今也沒法像過去那樣隨意打電話…… 不過幸運的是，因為其他事情我有了和監督見面的機會，於是便私下悄悄問了這個問題。 對監督來說，這已經是近 50 年前的事了。一開始，他似乎都不太記得 「阿・巴瓦・庫」 這個名字，還疑惑地說：「這我哪知道呀？」 但在我解釋之後，他說道：「啊，想起來了！對，就是那個螺旋狀的、轉啊轉的城堡……」 《一千零一夜》裡出現的幻獸 「阿・巴瓦・阿・庫烏」，就住在那樣螺旋狀城堡的山腳下，傳說沒能登上城堡頂端的人都會死去。 「沒錯，就是這樣，確實是我取的。」 監督笑著明確回答道。 這應該就是最準確的答案了。也就是說，「阿・巴瓦・庫」 這個名字，是富野監督參考了介紹《一千零一夜》中幻獸名字的書籍後取的。 富野監督如今已 80 多歲了，他創作了大量作品，始終專注於新作品的創作。對他來說，《高達》也已是遙遠的過去，許多細節可能早已忘卻。 大家可能覺得富野監督總是言辭犀利、容易發怒，但實際上，他笑著拍了拍我，還說：「一直以來都很感謝你的文章，我都會儘量去看。」 他其實是個非常和藹的人。

對這樣的他而言，雖然我的能力有限，但我希望自己能成為他的 「外置硬碟」，幫他留存一些記憶。

外部リンク

• ビッグスリーネット - ビッグコミックスペリオール公式サイト
• 醫龍 -Team Medical Dragon- - フジテレビによる公式サイト
• 醫龍 -Team Medical Dragon- 2 - フジテレビによる公式サイト
• 醫龍 -Team Medical Dragon- 3 - フジテレビによる公式サイト

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3月23日，製作方發布了本劇的關鍵視覺圖，畫面上描繪了AI機器人哈囉與主人公瑪秋，以及神秘新銳機動戰士 GQuuuuuuX。同一天還發布了電視劇版《Promotion Reel》，其中伴隨著米津玄師的主題曲《Plazma》，瑪秋喊著「我想去地球！一定要去！」而尼婭安、修司等角色一一出場。其中還出現了尚未公布詳細信息的神秘機動戰士和角色。同時，由星街彗星演唱、曾在先導電影中出現的插曲《もうどうなってもいいや》被確認將用作本劇的片尾曲。在AnimeJapan 2025活動現場的舞台上，官方公布本劇一共12集。這一消息引發了愛好者們的熱烈討論。

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