坎特伯里的奧斯定
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奧斯定 | |
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主教、精修聖人 | |
出生 | 公元六世紀 義大利羅馬 |
逝世 | 604年5月26日 英格蘭肯特郡坎特伯里 |
敬禮於 | 羅馬天主教會 東方正教會 聖公會 |
主要朝聖地 | 聖奧斯定修道院,坎特伯里 (被毀) 聖奧斯定修道院, 拉姆斯蓋特 |
瞻禮 | 5月27日 (羅馬天主教會 5月26日 (聖公會) 5月26日 (東方正教會) 5月28日 (羅馬天主教聖人曆 1882-1969) |
奧斯定(英語:St. Augustine of Canterbury,俗譯聖奧古斯丁,?—604年5月26日),本篤會神父和天主教會第一位坎特伯里教區主教,被認為是「英格蘭宗徒」,紀念日為5月26日(聖公會、東方正教會)與5月27日(羅馬天主教會)。[1]
生平[編輯]
![Map showing the kingdoms of Dyfed, Powys, and Gwynedd in the west central part of the island of Great Britain. Dumnonia is below those kingdoms. Mercia, Middle Anglia and East Anglia run across the middle of the island from west to east. Below those kingdoms are Wessex, Sussex and Kent, also from west to east. The northern kingdoms are Elmet, Deira, and Bernicia.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Britain_peoples_circa_600_zh-hans.svg/250px-Britain_peoples_circa_600_zh-hans.svg.png)
奧斯定原為羅馬聖安德肋修院副院長,596年奉教宗大聖額我略一世敕命率四十名傳教士往英國傳教,[2]即使面對英吉利海峽風浪險惡,奧斯定仍囑咐眾人不必擔憂。[3]597年,一行人到達英格蘭[2],肯特國王艾塞爾伯特大表歡迎,親自在橡樹下傾聽聖道,並將坎特伯里的土地撥給傳教士,建造聖堂,並准許他們自由傳教。[4]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/A_Chronicle_of_England_-_Page_025_-_Augustine_Preaching_Before_King_Ethelbert.jpg/200px-A_Chronicle_of_England_-_Page_025_-_Augustine_Preaching_Before_King_Ethelbert.jpg)
奧斯定在坎特伯里建立教區,全力傳揚基督教(此指羅馬公教)。建立首間座堂,設神學院。於倫敦、羅徹斯特等地成立教區,奧斯定還幫助肯特君主訂立法律、興辦學校及出版書籍。他在坎特伯里建立的聖堂,之後逐漸擴建為坎特伯里主教座堂,他建立的聖伯多祿與聖保祿修道院,則成為著名的聖奧斯定修道院。[5][6][5]
雖無文獻記錄,但國王可能於597年聖神降臨節接受洗禮。[7][4]不久後,奧斯定到法國,由阿爾勒總主教祝聖為主教。[8]奧斯定也派使者向教宗額我略一世述職,請示重大工作問題,並請求多派助手。[9][10]601年,一批傳教士從羅馬出發,其中著名的有聖梅利多、聖猶斯多、聖保利諾等。這批傳教士也帶了大量禮儀用品,如主教披帶、聖器、祭台布、祭衣、聖髑、經書等。教皇也向奧斯定頒賜敕令囑咐如何推展教務,建立基督教行政體系;異教建物不必全部拆毀,僅需改為教會敬禮場所即可;若地方習俗無牴觸教會者,應予保留;異教節日,得以殉道聖人瞻禮代之。由於奧斯定常顯神跡,額我略叮囑他,勿因主賜奇恩而自傲。
![Pile of stones marked with a tag reading "St. Augustine, Site of Grave, First Archbishop of Canterbury](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/AgCant-tomb.jpg/220px-AgCant-tomb.jpg)
奧斯定在英傳教七年,605年5月26日逝世,葬於坎特伯里。[5]
系列條目 普世聖公宗 | |
![]() 坎特伯里座堂 | |
組織 | |
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背景及歷史 | |
基督教 · 基督教教會 | |
神學 | |
三位一體(聖父、聖子、聖靈) | |
禮儀和崇拜 | |
聖公宗主題 | |
參考文獻[編輯]
- ^ CALENDARIUM ROMANUM GENERALE. [2014-05-27]. (原始內容存檔於2014-05-05).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Stenton Anglo-Saxon England pp. 105–106
- ^ Blair An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England pp. 116–117
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury pp. 8–9
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Mayr-Harting "Augustine [St Augustine] (d. 604) Archive.is的存檔,存檔日期2012-12-05" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Blair Church in Anglo-Saxon Society pp. 61–62
- ^ Wood "Mission of Augustine of Canterbury" Speculum p. 11
- ^ Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury p. 5
- ^ Stenton Anglo-Saxon England p. 106
- ^ Bede A History of the English Church pp. 71–83
擴展閱讀[編輯]
- Bede; translated by Leo Sherley-Price. A History of the English Church and People. New York: Penguin Classics. 1988. ISBN 978-0-14-044042-3.
- Blair, John P. The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-19-921117-3.
- Blair, John. A Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Saints. Thacker, Aland and Sharpe, Richard (編). Local Saints and Local Churches in the Early Medieval West. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press: 495–565. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-820394-0.
- Blair, Peter Hunter; Blair, Peter D. An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England Third. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-521-53777-3.
- Brooks, Nicholas. The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066. London: Leicester University Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-7185-0041-2.
- Colgrave, Bertram. Introduction. The Earliest Life of Gregory the Great Paperback reissue of 1968. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-978-052-131-8.
- Collins, Roger. Early Medieval Europe: 300–1000 Second. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-312-21886-7.
- Dales, Douglas. "Apostles of the English": Anglo-Saxon Perceptions. L'eredità spirituale di Gregorio Magno tra Occidente e Oriente. l Segno Gabrielli Editori. 2005. ISBN 978-88-88163-54-3.
- Delaney, John P. Dictionary of Saints Second. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. 1980. ISBN 978-0-385-13594-8.
- Dodwell, C. R. Anglo-Saxon Art: A New Perspective Cornell University Press. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1985. ISBN 978-0-8014-9300-3.
- Fletcher, R. A. The Barbarian Conversion: From Paganism to Christianity. New York: H. Holt and Co. 1998. ISBN 978-0-8050-2763-1.
- Frend, William H. C. Roman Britain, a Failed Promise. Martin Carver (編). The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe AD 300–1300. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press: 79–92. 2003. ISBN 978-1-84383-125-9.
- Gameson, Richard and Fiona. From Augustine to Parker: The Changing Face of the First Archbishop of Canterbury. Smyth, Alfred P.; Keynes, Simon (編). Anglo-Saxons: Studies Presented to Cyril Roy Hart. Dublin: Four Courts Press: 13–38. 2006. ISBN 978-1-85182-932-3.
- Hayward, Paul Anthony. St Justus. Lapidge, Michael; et al (編). Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing: 267–268. 2001. ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1.
- Higham, N. J. The Convert Kings: Power and Religious Affiliation in Early Anglo-Saxon England. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. 1997. ISBN 978-0-7190-4827-2.
- Hindley, Geoffrey. A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons: The Beginnings of the English Nation. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. 2006. ISBN 978-0-7867-1738-5.
- Kirby, D. P. The Earliest English Kings. New York: Routledge. 2000. ISBN 978-0-415-24211-0.
- Jones, Putnam Fennell. The Gregorian Mission and English Education. Speculum. July 1928, 3 (3): 335–348. JSTOR 2847433. doi:10.2307/2847433.
- Lapidge, Michael. The Anglo-Saxon Library. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-19-926722-4.
- Lapidge, Michael. Laurentius. Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (編). The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing: 279. 2001. ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1.
- Lapidge, Michael. Mellitus. Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (編). Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing: 305–306. 2001. ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1.
- Lawrence, C. H. Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. New York: Longman. 2001. ISBN 978-0-582-40427-4.
- Markus, R. A. The Chronology of the Gregorian Mission to England: Bede's Narrative and Gregory's Correspondence. Journal of Ecclesiastical History. April 1963, 14 (1): 16–30. doi:10.1017/S0022046900064356.
- Mayr-Harting, Henry. The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-271-00769-4.
- Mayr-Harting, Henry. Augustine (St Augustine) (d. 604) (需要訂閱或英國公共圖書館會員資格). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 2004 [30 March 2008]. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/899. (原始內容存檔於2012-12-05).
- Nelson, Janet L. Bertha (b. c.565, d. in or after 601) (需要訂閱或英國公共圖書館會員資格). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography May 2006 revised. Oxford University Press. 2004 [30 March 2008]. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2269. (原始內容存檔於2019-10-17).
- Nilson, Ben. Cathedral Shrines of Medieval England. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. 1998. ISBN 978-0-85115-540-1.
- Schapiro, Meyer. The Decoration of the Leningrad Manuscript of Bede. Selected Papers: Volume 3: Late Antique, Early Christian and Mediaeval Art. London: Chatto & Windus: 199 and 212–214. 1980. ISBN 978-0-7011-2514-1.
- Smith, Adam. St Augustine of Canterbury in History and Tradition. Folklore. 1978, 89 (1): 23–28. JSTOR 1260091. doi:10.1080/0015587X.1978.9716085.
- Stenton, F. M. Anglo-Saxon England Third. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 1971. ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5.
- Thomson, John A. F. The Western Church in the Middle Ages. London: Arnold. 1998. ISBN 978-0-340-60118-1.
- Wood, Ian. Augustine and Aidan: Bureaucrat and Charismatic?. Dreuille, Christophe de (編). L'Église et la Mission au VIe Siècle: La Mission d'Augustin de Cantorbéry et les Églises de Gaule sous L'Impulsion de Grégoire le Grand Actes du Colloque d'Arles de 1998. Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf. 2000. ISBN 978-2-204-06412-5.
- Wood, Ian. The Mission of Augustine of Canterbury to the English. Speculum. January 1994, 69 (1): 1–17. JSTOR 2864782. doi:10.2307/2864782.
- Yorke, Barbara. The Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society in Britain c. 600–800. London: Pearson/Longman. 2006. ISBN 978-0-582-77292-2.
- Chaplais, P. Who introduced charters into England? The case for Augustine. Journal of the Society of Archivists. 1965–1969, 3 (10): 526–542. doi:10.1080/00379816509513917.
- Sharpe, R. The setting to St Augustine's translation, 1091. R. Eales and R. Sharpe (編). Canterbury and the Norman conquest: 1–13. 1995.
外部連結[編輯]
- Augustine of Canterbury – entry at Prosopography of Anglo Saxon England project
參見[編輯]
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