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裂褶菌

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裂褶菌
科学分类 编辑
界: 真菌界 Fungi
门: 担子菌门 Basidiomycota
纲: 伞菌纲 Agaricomycetes
目: 伞菌目 Agaricales
科: 裂褶菌科 Schizophyllaceae
属: 裂褶菌属 Schizophyllum
种:
裂褶菌 S. commune
二名法
Schizophyllum commune
Fr. (1815)
异名
  • Agaricus alneus L. (1755)
  • Agaricus alneus Reichard (1780)
  • Agaricus multifidus Batsch (1786)
  • Apus alneus (L.) Gray (1821)
  • Merulius alneus (L.) J.F.Gmel. (1792)
  • Merulius alneus (Reichard) Schumach. (1803)
  • Merulius communis (Fr.) Spirin & Zmitr. (2004)
  • Schizophyllum alneum J.Schröt. (1889)
  • Schizophyllum alneum (Reichard) Kuntze (1898)
  • Schizophyllum commune var. multifidum (Batsch) Cooke (1892)
  • Schizophyllum multifidum (Batsch) Fr. (1875)
裂褶菌
查看产生下列表格的真菌学模板
查看产生下列表格的真菌学模板
真菌形态特征
子实层上有菌褶
无明显蕈伞
子实层连接方式无规律或无适当分类
蕈柄裸露
孢印白色
异养腐生真菌 寄生真菌
未知

裂褶菌学名Schizophyllum commune)是裂褶菌属的一种真菌,为该属的模式种,在世界各地均有分布[1],常生长于腐木上[2],可能是造成木材腐烂的一种木腐真菌[3]。本种的蕈伞较小,直径为1—4公分,带有白色或灰色的小毛,呈叠状生长,不具有蕈柄[4]蕈褶外形为本种名称来源[5],自中央呈辐射状分割,颜色为白色至奶黄色,在干燥时会破裂。疏水蛋白英语Hydrophobin最早即为自裂褶菌中分离[6]

裂褶菌可能为一复合种,包含许多分布范围较小、尚未被拆分出来的隐存种[7]。本种的基因组已于2010年被完整定序[8]

裂褶菌可食与否尚具争议,因其体积过小且韧性太强,有学者认为其不适合食用[9]。但墨西哥马来西亚热带地区常有食用本种的纪录,可能是因软质的真菌在炎热、潮湿的地方太易腐烂而难以贩售,因而当地更倾向食用裂褶菌等韧性强的蕈类[3][10]

裂褶菌也有感染人类肺部鼻窦致病的纪录[11][4]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ Kuo, M. Schizophyllum commune. Mushroom Expert. 2003 [18 February 2020]. 
  2. ^ Guarro, J; Genéj; Stchigel, Am, Developments in Fungal Taxonomy, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Jul 1999, 12 (3): 454–500, ISSN 0893-8512, PMC 100249可免费查阅, PMID 10398676, doi:10.1128/CMR.12.3.454 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Takemoto, Shuhei; Nakamura, Hitoshi; Imamura, Yuji; Shimane, Takanori. Schizophyllum commune as a Ubiquitous Plant Parasite. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly: JARQ. 2010, 44 (4): 357–364. doi:10.6090/jarq.44.357. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2012: 131–132. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861. 
  5. ^ Mahajan, Monika. Etymologia: Schizophyllum commune. Emerg. Infect. Dis. March 2022, 28 (3): 725. PMC 8888233可免费查阅. S2CID 247097577. doi:10.3201/eid2803.211051可免费查阅. Citing public domain text from the CDC. 
  6. ^ Wessels, Jgh.; De Vries, Omh.; Asgeirsdottir, S. A.; Schuren, Fhj. Hydrophobin Genes Involved in Formation of Aerial Hyphae and Fruit Bodies in Schizophyllum.. The Plant Cell. 1991-08-01, 3 (8): 793–799. ISSN 1040-4651. PMC 160046可免费查阅. PMID 12324614. doi:10.1105/tpc.3.8.793. 
  7. ^ Taylor, John; Turner, Elizabeth; Townsend, Jeffrey; Dettman, Jeremy; Jacobson, David. Eukaryotic microbes, species recognition and the geographic limits of species: examples from the kingdom Fungi. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 2006, 361 (1475): 1947–1963. PMC 1764934可免费查阅. PMID 17062413. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1923. 
  8. ^ Robin A Ohm; De Jong, JF; Lugones, LG; Aerts, A; Kothe, E; Stajich, JE; De Vries, RP; Record, E; et al, Genome sequence of the model mushroom Schizophyllum commune, Nature Biotechnology, Jul 2010, 28 (9): 957–63, PMID 20622885, doi:10.1038/nbt.1643可免费查阅 
  9. ^ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. 2006: 139. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1. 
  10. ^ Ruán-Soto, F.; Garibay-Orijel, R.; Cifuentes, J. Process and dynamics of traditional selling of wild edible mushrooms in tropical Mexico. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2006, 2 (1): 3. PMC 1360659可免费查阅. PMID 16393345. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-3可免费查阅. 
  11. ^ Chowdhary, A; Kathuria, S; Agarwal, K; Meis, JF. Recognizing filamentous basidiomycetes as agents of human disease: A review. Med Mycol. Nov 2014, 52 (8): 782–97. PMID 25202126. doi:10.1093/mmy/myu047可免费查阅.