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Covfefe

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維基百科,自由的百科全書
推文
The Covfefe Presidency, by Mike Licht
Covfefe總統,由Mike Licht創作

Covfefe/kəvˈff, kˈfɛf/[1]當勞·特朗普的一條推文中「coverage(報道)」一詞的拼寫錯誤,後來成為了網絡迷因。2017年5月31日午夜(EDT)後不久,特朗普在推特上發佈了一條推文「Despite the constant negative press covfefe(儘管有持續的負面新聞報道)」。[2]由於「coverage」一詞的錯誤,該推文在數小時後被刪除。但是,白宮新聞秘書肖恩·斯派塞和特朗普總統本人當天晚些時候暗示,該推文的用詞是故意的。該推文在新聞和社交媒體引起了廣泛關注,迅速成為病毒式傳播的現象。人們將「covfefe」一詞與特朗普和其他公眾人物的失態及在社交媒體上犯的錯誤聯繫在一起。該推文和「covfefe」一詞產生了各種文化、經濟和社會影響,尤其是摩根大通2019年創立了Volfefe指數(來自「volatility」和「covfefe」)以衡量特朗普總統的推文對美國債券收益率的影響。[3]

Covfefe推文是特朗普的「最著名」推文之一。[4][5][6][7]

記者阿德里安娜·拉法蘭西斯(Adrienne LaFrance)在2019年1月為《大西洋》撰文時總結了Covfefe推文的重要意義:「Covfefe仍然是最能說明特朗普最不可思議的天賦的推文:他知道如何吸引人、如何引導和轉移群眾的注意力。」[8]

covfefe推文

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在美國東部時間2017年5月31日上午12:06,特朗普發推文說:「Despite the constant negative press covfefe(儘管有持續的負面新聞covfefe)」。[2]「Covfefe」顯然是「coverage(報道)」一詞的拼寫錯誤。[9][10][11][12]大約六小時後,特朗普刪除了該推文。[13]

U.S. President Donald Trump
美國總統當勞·特朗普,2017年2月

covfefe推文迅速傳播開來,並在社交媒體和新聞中產生了很多有關「covfefe」含義的笑話和猜測。到5月31日上午,covfefe推文被轉發了105,000次以上,獲得了148,000多個「喜歡」,[13]並由此產生了病毒式傳播的網絡迷因#covfefe。[14]在特朗普發推文的24小時內,#covfefe標籤在互聯網上使用了140萬次。[15]

特朗普不承認該推文有誤植。相反,在刪除原始推文後,特朗普在上午6:09再次發推文:「Who can figure out the true meaning of "covfefe" ??? Enjoy!(誰能弄清楚『covfefe’的真正含義???玩得開心!)」[8]當天晚些時候,白宮新聞秘書肖恩·斯派塞暗示這則推文沒有拼寫錯誤,而是故意的:「我認為總統和一小撮人確切知道它的意思。」[16]

5月31日,Google搜索關鍵詞「covfefe」超過了搜索詞「paris climate」(「巴黎氣候」,參見巴黎協定);特朗普在當天表示,美國可能退出《巴黎協定》。[17]

2018年5月,特朗普總統在白宮關於聽覺幻覺Laurel或Yanny爭論的視像中提到並發音了該詞。在視像即將結束時,特朗普說:「我只聽得到『covfefe’。」[18]

華盛頓郵報》的分析師菲利普·邦普(Philip Bump)在2019年7月寫道,covfefe推文這段插曲在特朗普總統拒絕承微小的錯誤陳述中很有代表性。[19]媒體界的其他特朗普批評者也表達了類似的觀點。[20][21]

影響

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Covfefe迷因在文化、語言和商業方面產生了多種後續影響。2018年5月,在紀念Covfefe推文發佈一周年之際,《今日美國》一篇文章指出:「不過總統是否知道他對美國文化所做的貢獻?迷因。歌曲。笑話。」[22]

語言和政治

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在推文發佈之日,市井詞典(Urban Dictionary)添加了「covfefe」詞條,定義為:「It literally means covfefe.(它就是covfefe的字面意思。)」[23]2017年6月,流行的單詞遊戲Words with Friends在詞典中添加了「covfefe」。[24]兩年後,另一拼字遊戲Scrabble仍沒有效仿該做法,希拉里·克林頓藉此挖苦了一番特朗普。[25]

2017年10月,Dictionary.com宣佈「covfefe」在其「查詢無匹配」列表中排名最高,即用戶搜索的單詞沒有相應的詞條。[26]2018年10月,《布魯爾短語和寓言詞典》(Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable)在其第20版中添加了「covfefe」條目。[27]

2017年12月,蘇必利爾湖州立大學將「covfefe」列入了「第43屆年度因濫用、過度使用和普遍無用而被逐出女王英語單詞排行榜」。該大學的發言人指出,該詞「成為了社交媒體錯誤的簡稱」。[28]

公共話語中,現在「covfefe」一詞常用於討論公眾人物、企業和組織的失言。在當勞·特朗普後來的拼寫錯誤和失言中,「text massages「(應為「text messages」,即「文本信息」;誤作「文本按摩」)[29]、「President Of The Virgin Islands」(「維爾京群島總統」,但美屬維爾京群島為美國屬地,其「總統」實為特朗普本人)[30]、「the oranges of the investigation」(應為「the origins of the investigation」,即「調查的源頭」;誤作「調查的橙子」)[31]、「smocking gun」(應為「smoking gun」,意為「確鑿的證據」)[32]、「hamberders」(應為「hamburgers」,即漢堡包[33]、「Melanie」(應為「Melania」,特朗普夫人梅拉尼亞·特朗普的名字)[34]、「Prince of Whales」(應為「Prince of Wales」,即「威爾斯親王」;誤作「鯨魚親王」)[35]、「global waming」(應為「global warming」,即全球變暖[36]等,均被與covfefe推文比較。

Protester holding a 'Truth not "Covfefe"' sign.
示威者舉着「要真相不要『 Covfefe’」的標語。

祖·拜登[37]麥當勞[38]、印度財政部[39]菲律賓總統羅德里戈·杜特爾特[40]、印度作家和政治家Shashi Tharoor[41]、英國記者安德魯·瑪爾[42]俄羅斯總統德米特里·梅德韋傑夫[43]漢堡王[44]犯的錯誤也引起了媒體將其與covfefe的比較。

「covfefe」的其他用法包括利用其與「coffee」一詞相似性的文字遊戲。[45]例子包括一家名為「Covfefe Café」的咖啡店[46]、一種名為「"No Collusion" Russian Imperial Coffee "Covfefe" Stout」的啤酒[47]、各種Covfefe咖啡飲料[48][49]、含酒精的咖啡雞尾酒「Covfefe」[50]、Amul製作的咖啡和茶廣告[51]、親特朗普政府的咖啡品牌「Covfefe Coffee」[52]等。

反對特朗普的抗議者在各種活動中也使用covfefe主題的標誌。[53][54][55]

湯姆·尼科爾森(Tom Nicholson)在《時尚先生》2018年12月的一篇文章中,將Covfefe列為當勞·特朗普的「語言勝利」前5名中的第1名,副標題為「現在很難想像沒有『covfefe’的字典。」[56]

法律

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2017年7月12日,美國眾議員麥克·奎格利提出了HR2884《以參與為目的的各種電子渠道通訊法案》(The Communications Over Various Feeds Electronically for Engagement Act),簡稱「COVFEFE法案」(COVFEFE Act)。[57]該法案將要求國家檔案局存檔美國總統的社交媒體帖子。該法案已於同日提交眾議院監管和政府改革委員會英語House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform審議,但議會沒有採取進一步行動。[58]

商業

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Covfefe推文很快催生了各種商品,例如T恤、咖啡杯、帽子、包等,上面寫有與Covfefe相關的文字。[59][60]

Covfefe啟發了一些棋盤遊戲[61][62][63]、一個咖啡因追蹤應用程式[64]、拼圖[65]、禮物[66]、廁紙[67]等產品。

Photo of a sign advertising a Covfefe cocktail.
咖啡店給Covfefe雞尾酒做廣告。

2018年,一個稱為Covfefe的Google Chrome擴展程序允許Twitter用戶更正早期推文中的拼寫錯誤。[68]

在2019年1月,由一些保守的評論員推廣的親特朗普的咖啡品牌「Covfefe Coffee」被亞馬遜撤下了廣告,原因是廣告中使用了美國國旗[52]

截至2019年3月,美國專利及商標局收到了至少40項covfeve主題商品的商標申請,但這些申請均未獲批准。[69]美國商標審理與上訴委員會英語Trademark Trial and Appeal Board於2019年1月做出的一項決定,維持對其中一項申請的拒絕,結論是,「covfefe」一詞在各種情況下都過於常用,因此不能作為任何特定產品的註冊商標。[70]

2019年9月,摩根大通創立了一個「Volfefe指數」,用以衡量特朗普總統的推文對美國債券收益率的影響。[71]其名稱是受了Covfefe推文的啟發,名稱「volfefe」是單詞「volatility(波動性)」和「covfefe」的組合。[3]

到2018年2月,美國21個州的居民,包括當勞·特朗普的支持者和反對者,都獲得了定製的「Covfefe」車牌[72]喬治亞州禁止在自選車牌上使用該詞。[73]

體育

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一隻名為Covfefe的純種賽馬在2018–2019年贏得了數項重要比賽。[74][75][76]Covfefe是出生於2016年的棗色雌馬。她是冠軍賽馬Unbridled英語Unbridled的後代。

文學、藝術和娛樂

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2018年,一名特朗普批評者納傑·馬希爾(Najah Mahir)出版了一本書《The Ransom that Lies Demand: We the People and "Covfefe"》(謊言索要的贖金:我們人民與「Covfefe」),[77]被出版商描述為「一本非小說類書籍,它大膽地成為了獲取知識和自由的運動的一部分,同時拒絕了種族主義和有害的意識形態」。[78]

由Paradox Interactive在2016年5月創建的遊戲Stellaris,將「Covfefe」星系名作為遊戲中的彩蛋[79]

遊戲《我的世界》的標題畫面可能出現「The true meaning of covfefe(covfefe的真正含義)」文本。[80]

美國藝術家戴安娜·魏瑪(Diana Weymar)於2018年1月啟動了一個公共藝術項目,記錄了特朗普的推特「災難現場」,其中包含了covfefe主題的藝術作品。[81]

紡織藝術家Polly Webber於2018年12月的一個藝術地毯設計「Caught in the Covfefe」以移民為主題,「描繪了一名邊境巡邏人員從一名無證件的母親那裏帶走一名年輕女孩,母親用西班牙語懇求『不要帶走我的女兒!』」[82]

在2019年,《魯保羅變裝皇后秀英語RuPaul's Drag Race》的化妝師為表演設計了一個假髮,名為「Covfefe」。[83]

每日秀》的一個項目「當勞·J·特朗普總統推特文庫」(The Donald J. Trump Presidential Twitter Library)中有一個作品是covfefe推特的截圖。[84]

2018年12月,埃德·馬丁(Ed Martin)發行了一本成人填色書《Covfefe Christmas Coloring Book Comic with song》。[85][86]

YouTube有許多「Covfefe歌曲」的視像。[87]

費城詩人占士·費希塔勒(James Feichthaler)的一首詩《The Rise of the COVFEFE》(COVFEFE的興起)受到了covfefe推文的啟發。[88]

學術研究

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許多學術論文討論了Covfefe推文與特朗普總統對使用社交媒體的使用的關係,及其對語言和文化的相應影響。[89][90][91][92][93]

Truth Social

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在創建自己的社交網絡Truth Social後,特郎普表示他將繼續將Truth Social作為他的主要社交媒體平台。[94][95][96] 2022 年 4 月 29 日,特朗普在Truth Social的第二篇帖子中使用了Covfefe迷因,寫道「I'M BACK! #COVFEFE」。[97]

參見

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ covfefe. Dictionary.com. [November 19, 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2020-02-05). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Matt Flegenheimer. What's a 'Covfefe'? Trump Tweet Unites a Bewildered Nation. New York Times. 2017-05-31 [2019-09-10]. (原始內容存檔於2017-05-31). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Emily Stewart. The Volfefe Index, Wall Street's new way to measure the effects of Trump tweets, explained. Vox. 2019-09-09 [2019-09-10]. (原始內容存檔於2019-09-11). 
  4. ^ Amanda Kooser. Donald Trump #SmockingGun typo sets Twitter on fire. CNET. 2018-12-10 [2019-09-10]. (原始內容存檔於2019-08-24). Twitter user Matthew Kick gave a humorous shout-out to one of Trump's most famous Twitter spellings of all time, the mysterious "covfefe" back in 2017 
  5. ^ Morgan Gstalter. George Conway mocks Trump's misspellings. The Hill. 2018-12-11 [2019-09-10]. (原始內容存檔於2019-08-05). Katyal, who previously worked under former President Obama, trolled some of Trump's most famous spelling errors by asking why Starbucks "cofefe" was always "smocking hot." 
  6. ^ The Daily Show will be trolling Trump on his birthday with ads on Fox News. The Week. 2019-06-12 [2019-09-10]. (原始內容存檔於2019-06-23). The pop-up exhibit, which has already traveled to Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York, features some of the president's most famous tweets, such as the ever-mysterious "covfefe." 
  7. ^ Cat Zakrzewski. The Technology 202: Trump's social media summit was a spectacle. Here are the real takeaways for Big Tech.. Washington Post. 2019-07-12 [2019-09-10]. (原始內容存檔於2019-08-13). Large posters of some of President Trump's most famous tweets were placed on stands. My colleague Philip Bump spotted a tweet about the president's "covfefe" typo next to the bust of Abraham Lincoln. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Adrienne LaFrance. Six Hours and Three Minutes of Internet Chaos.. The Atlantic. 2019-01-13 [2019-09-09]. (原始內容存檔於2019-09-05). 
  9. ^ Andrew Griffin. COVFEFE: WHAT DOES DONALD TRUMP'S TWEET ACTUALLY MEAN AND WHAT WAS HE TRYING TO WRITE?. The Independent. 2017-05-31 [2019-09-09]. (原始內容存檔於2019-10-28). 
  10. ^ When spelling goes wrong: Famous typos from Trump to Nasa. BBC News. 2019-05-09 [2019-09-09]. (原始內容存檔於2019-12-13). 
  11. ^ Paul Thornton. Opinion: Don't laugh off 'covfefe,' readers say — it could indicate problems with Trump and our culture. Los Angeles Times. 2017-06-03 [2019-09-09]. (原始內容存檔於2020-02-05). 
  12. ^ Jonny Lieu. People are going 'covfefe' over Donald Trump's 'covfefe' tweet. Mashable. 2017-05-31 [2019-09-09]. (原始內容存檔於2019-05-07). 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Tom Kutsch. Spicer on 'covfefe': 'The president and a small group of people know exactly what he meant'. ABC News. 2017-05-31 [2019-09-09]. (原始內容存檔於2019-07-27). 
  14. ^ Aja Romano. Covfefe kerfuffles, partisan dogs, and Wonder Woman wars: the week in memes, explained.. Vox.com. 2017-06-03 [2019-09-09]. (原始內容存檔於2019-12-03). 
  15. ^ #MeToo, #TakeAKnee and #Covfefe: Hashtags that dominated in 2017. BBC News. 2017-12-27 [2019-09-10]. (原始內容存檔於2019-08-13). 
  16. ^ Jessica Estepa. Sean Spicer says 'covfefe' wasn't a typo: Trump knew 'exactly what he meant'. USA Today. 2017-05-31 [2019-09-09]. (原始內容存檔於2019-09-03). 
  17. ^ Stacy Jones. Trump 'Covfefe' Tweet More Searched Than Paris Climate Agreement. Fortune. 2017-05-31 [2019-09-09]. (原始內容存檔於2019-07-14). 
  18. ^ Darren Geeter. We now know how to pronounce 'covfefe' — thanks to President Trump's appearance in a White House 'Yanny or Laurel' video. CNBC. 2018-05-18 [2019-09-09]. (原始內容存檔於2019-10-19). 
  19. ^ Philip Bump. The problem with Trump's Revolutionary War airports isn't the airports. Washington Post. 2019-07-05 [2019-09-09]. (原始內容存檔於2019-09-04). This inability to admit misstatements has no more extreme example than his infamous "covfefe" tweet from 2017. 
  20. ^ David A. Graham. Trump's Most Pointless Lie. The Atlantic. 2019-09-05 [2019-09-09]. (原始內容存檔於2019-09-05). Not since "covfefe," a similarly absurdist episode, has Trump stuck so insistently to a pointless lie, though even that moment was over faster. 
  21. ^ Trump's Alabama Dorian debacle shows he refuses to be wrong. al.com. Associated Press. 2019-09-06 [2019-09-09]. (原始內容存檔於2019-09-10). And even when Trump mistakenly tweeted the nonsensical word "covfefe" late one night, the president, instead of owning up to a typo or errant message, later sent Spicer to declare, "I think the president and a small group of people know exactly what he meant." 
  22. ^ Jessica Estrepa. Covfefe, one year later: How a late-night Trump tweet turned into a phenomenon. USA Today. 2018-05-31 [2019-09-08]. (原始內容存檔於2019-11-04). 
  23. ^ Jessica McBride. Donald Trump & 'Covfefe' Tweet: What Did He Mean?. Heavy.com. 2017-05-31 [2019-09-09]. (原始內容存檔於2019-07-15). 
  24. ^ Nicole Gallucci. Words with Friends adds 'covfefe' to its dictionary, 'covfefe' is officially dead. Mashable. 2017-06-01 [2019-09-08]. (原始內容存檔於2019-08-19). 
  25. ^ Nicole Goodkind. HILLARY CLINTON ASKS HASBRO TO UPDATE SCRABBLE APP, BUT TELLS THEM TO LEAVE 'COVFEFE' OUT OF IT. Newsweek. 2019-05-26 [2019-09-08]. (原始內容存檔於2019-09-11). 
  26. ^ Heidi Stevens. A covfefe by any other name ... might not have made dictionary.com's most-queried list. Chicago Tribune. 2017-10-18 [2019-09-08]. (原始內容存檔於2020-02-05). 
  27. ^ Tristram Fane Saunders. Covfefe, kompromat, and mugwump: your guide to every new word in the 2018 Brewer's Dictionary. The Daily Telegraph. 2018-10-31 [2019-09-08]. (原始內容存檔於2020-02-05). 
  28. ^ Jeff Karoub. List bans "fake news," "covfefe" and "let me ask you this". Denver Post. 2017-12-30 [2019-09-08]. (原始內容存檔於2019-08-15). 
  29. ^ Priyam Chhetri. No happy ending: Donald Trump has another 'covfefe' moment, asks FBI to give Andrew McCabe 'text massages'. Media Entertainment Arts WorldWide (MEAWW). 2018-08-12 [2019-09-07]. (原始內容存檔於2020-02-05). 
  30. ^ Jim Heath. Trump Said He Met With The President Of The Virgin Islands… Not Realizing It's Himself. jimheath.tv. 2018-09-22 [2019-09-07]. (原始內容存檔於2020-02-05). 
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  32. ^ Matthew Rozsa. "Smocking gun" is the new "covfefe": Twitter erupts after Trump misspells the same word twice. Salon. 2018-12-10 [2019-09-07]. (原始內容存檔於2019-09-06). 
  33. ^ Max McLean. 'Hamberders and covfefe': Trump's latest misspelling amuses social media. Irish Independent. 2019-01-15 [2019-09-07]. (原始內容存檔於2020-02-05). 
  34. ^ Samantha Leach. Donald Trump Misspelled Melania's Name While Congratulating Her, and It's the 'Covfefe' of 2018. Glamour.com. 2018-05-19 [2019-09-08]. (原始內容存檔於2020-02-05). 
  35. ^ Max McLean. Twitter erupts after Donald Trump's Prince of Whales gaffe. Irish Independent. 2019-06-13 [2019-09-08]. (原始內容存檔於2019-08-17). 
  36. ^ Paul, Deanna. What President Trump keeps getting wrong about 'Global Waming'. The Washington Post. January 29, 2019 [November 13, 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2020-03-13). 
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外部連結

[編輯]