^ 1.01.1R. Robie, B. Hemingway, and J. Fisher, 「Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals and Related Substances at 298.15K and 1bar Pressure and at Higher Temperatures,」 US Geol. Surv., vol. 1452, 1978.[1]
^Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 1267.
^ 3.03.13.2Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
^ 4.04.14.2E.M. Page, S.A.Wass (1994),Vanadium:Inorganic and Coordination chemistry, Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN0-471-93620-0