聖衣 (宗教禮服)
外觀
「聖衣」(天主教又稱祭衣)指的是基督教聖職人員在進行宗教儀式時所穿戴的服裝,不同教派對其界定有不同見解。
基督教建立之初是沒有比較正式的禮服的,原因取決於早期基督教受迫害的社會地位以至無暇考慮。直到基督教國教化後才有所改善。
西方
[編輯]西方基督教的聖衣主要是受拉丁和哥特文化影響比較大,相互之間有許多共同點可言,但是高派和低派的服裝差異則比較大,高派基本保持了傳統的聖衣服飾,低派保留的則大多數較少。
高派
[編輯]哥德式
[編輯]
哥德式通行於北歐、北德等高派教會領地,特點就是祭披展開後是正圓形或者橢圓形的。
羅馬式
[編輯]羅馬式通行於意大利,特點是祭披是一個馬甲。

歐洲式
[編輯]主教專屬
[編輯]教宗專屬
[編輯]低派
[編輯]低派的服飾比較隨意,但是絕大多數已經不再佩戴祭披了,部分教會還會保留大白衣,但是還有很多低派教會就是在神職常服或者便服的基礎上加一個聖帶便了事。還有許多教派則完全放棄了傳統服飾,身上穿着幾乎看不出為神職人員。
東方
[編輯]拜占庭式祭披多用於東正教會和東儀天主教會,此祭披亦可分為希臘式和斯拉夫式。主要區別是希臘式有一直排領口,而斯拉夫式沒有,斯拉夫式的後領較高,而希臘式沒有。
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
當有許多司祭共祭時 着此服者為主祭 |
事奉聖衣 | 晚禱聖衣 |
參考文獻
[編輯]- Boyle, J. R. (1896) Ecclesiastical Vestments: their origin and significance. London: A. Brown & Sons
- Dwyer-McNulty, Sally. Common Threads: A Cultural History of Clothing in American Catholicism. The University of North Carolina Press. 2014. ISBN 978-1469614090.
- Fortescue, Adrian (1934) Ceremonies of the Roman Rite Described; 5th ed. London: Burns, Oates & Washbourne
- Johnstone, Pauline (2004) "High Fashion in the Church: the Place of Church Vestments in the History of Art from the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century," review on Catholics
- Lamburn, E. C. R., edited and largely re-written by. (1964) Ritual Notes: a comprehensive guide to the rites and ceremonies of the Book of Common Prayer of the English Church interpreted in accordance with the latest revisions of the Western Use; 11th ed. London: W. Knott (based on the work compiled by John Nelson Burrows and Walter Plimpton ca. 1893)
- Lesage, Robert (1960) Vestments and Church Furniture; translated from the French by Fergus Murphy. London: Burns & Oates (French ed.: 'Objets et habits liturgiques'. Paris: Fayard)
- Norris, Herbert (1949) Church Vestments, their origin & development. London: J. M. Dent (reissued by Dover, Mineola, NY, 2002 ISBN 0486422569)
- Roulin, Eugène Augustin (1931) Vestments and Vesture: a manual of liturgical art; translated by Dom Justin McCann. London: Sands & Co. (French ed.: 'Linges, insignes et vêtements liturgiques')