福音主義

福音主義（英語：Evangelicalism），源自希臘詞εὐαγγέλιον（euangelion），意為福音、好消息，是一個在不同的歷史時期有不同歷史內涵的神學主張。在宗教改革早期，新教徒將自己的教會稱為「福音教會」，以示自身尊重《聖經》、有別於天主教會^[1]^[2]，至今主流新教依然使用這一意涵下的「福音主義」一詞，例如德國的改革宗、信義宗聯合教會德國福音教會與許多稱為「福音路德教會」的信義宗教會就並非是現在常說的「福音派」教會。而現代更常說的「新福音主義」，是指肇始於18世紀、成形於二戰後的一個神學運動，^[3]其一般擁有四大特點：1. 強調個人重生 2. 積極傳播福音 3. 高舉聖經權威（堅持聖經無誤通常不是：聖經無謬）4. 強調耶穌復活^[4]

定義

福音神學中沒有新正統神學裡那般清晰的認識論傳統，也同樣不接受自由主義神學所採納的那些不利於《聖經》信仰權威的新科學證據，因此有反智識主義的傾向，但不刻意發展神秘主義以對抗理性主義。福音派神學注重的是基督教在大眾中的影響力，並不像新正統神學那樣強調與知識份子的對話。

福音主義非常看重「神愛世人」、耶穌基督為世人的罪釘死在十字架上、耶穌的降生與復活便是上帝賜給人類的福音、基督升天前要求門徒將福音傳到地極，認為基督徒應熱心地傳福音
福音派神學中沒有一致的系統性權威釋經文本與信條，信徒之間可能採用不同的基督新教中各個的神學體系（例如加爾文主義與阿民念主義），用「以經解經」的方式理解聖經，只要不與別處經文抵觸，允許信徒用個人的經歷來解釋各別《聖經》章節。

與基要神學

「基要神學」是稱呼福音神學中最為保守的論點。基要神學與福音派神學兩個名詞若被賦予不同意義時，通常是強調基要神學家已經發展出了嚴謹的論述體系。福音神學較之則是更大範圍的一個通稱，只要符合其基本神學要求的主張都可以被歸作福音神學──通常，立論鬆懈甚至提不出論證而僅止於信仰的基要神學主張會被視為「溫和的福音神學」。

相左主張

參考文獻

^ Livingstone, Elizabeth A. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 3rd ed. rev. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2005: 583. ISBN 0-19-280290-9.
^ Gerstner, John H. The Theological Boundaries of Evangelical Faith. David P. Wells (編). The Evangelicals. John D. Woodbridge. Nashville: Abingdon Press. 1975: 21–36. ISBN 0-687-12181-7. Despite the dominant usage of euangellismos in the New Testament, its derivative, evangelical, was not widely or controversially employed until the Reformation period. Then it came into prominence with Martin Luther precisely because he reasserted Paul's teaching on the euangellismos as the indispensable message of salvation. Its light, he argued, was hidden under a bushel of ecclesiastical authority, tradition, and liturgy. The essence of the saving message for Luther was justification by faith alone, the article by which not only the church stands or falls but each individual as well. Erasmus, Thomas More, and Johannes Eck denigrated those who accepted this view and referred to them as 'evangelicals.'
^ Bebbington, D. W. (2008). Evangelicals in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s, London: Unwin, 1.
^ Eskridge, Larry. Defining Evangelicalism. Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals. 1995 [2008-03-04]. （原始內容存檔於2018-02-25）.

參見

[1] Livingstone, Elizabeth A. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 3rd ed. rev. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2005: 583. ISBN 0-19-280290-9.

[2] Gerstner, John H. The Theological Boundaries of Evangelical Faith. David P. Wells (編). The Evangelicals. John D. Woodbridge. Nashville: Abingdon Press. 1975: 21–36. ISBN 0-687-12181-7. Despite the dominant usage of euangellismos in the New Testament, its derivative, evangelical, was not widely or controversially employed until the Reformation period. Then it came into prominence with Martin Luther precisely because he reasserted Paul's teaching on the euangellismos as the indispensable message of salvation. Its light, he argued, was hidden under a bushel of ecclesiastical authority, tradition, and liturgy. The essence of the saving message for Luther was justification by faith alone, the article by which not only the church stands or falls but each individual as well. Erasmus, Thomas More, and Johannes Eck denigrated those who accepted this view and referred to them as 'evangelicals.'

[3] Bebbington, D. W. (2008). Evangelicals in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s, London: Unwin, 1.

[4] Eskridge, Larry. Defining Evangelicalism. Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals. 1995 [2008-03-04]. （原始內容存檔於2018-02-25）.

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