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波斯语语法

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波斯语语法波斯语:دستور زبان فارسی (Dastur-e Zaban-e Farsi);Persian grammar)是波斯语语法。波斯语方言变体伊朗阿富汗乌兹别克斯坦撒马尔罕布哈拉以及苏尔汉河州地区)与塔吉克斯坦等地使用。 波斯语类似于许多其他的印欧语言。 而波斯语在中古波斯语时期成为一种更具分析性的语言;语法上格位的使用减少,并且摒弃了语法性别的区分。 现代波斯语中的语法创新仍然持续存在,波斯语是为数不多的缺乏语法性别区分表达的印欧语言之一。

语序

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  • کتاب آبی را دیدمketāb-e ābi-rā didam 'I saw the blue book'
  • کتاب آبی را دیدیدketāb-e ābi-rā didid 'you (all) saw the blue book'
  • به من گفت که امروز نمی آمدbe man goft ke emruz nemi āmad 'he told me that he wasn't coming today'
  • کتاب آبی را از کتابخانه گرفتketāb-e ābi-rā az ketābxāne gereft 'she got the blue book from the library'

冠词

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  • 文学: کتاب روی میز استketāb ru-ye miz ast 'the book is on the table'.
  • 口语: کتابه روی میزه ketābe ru-ye miz 'e 'the book is on the table'

参考文献

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  • Abrahams, Simin (2005). Modern Persian: A Course-Book. Routledge.
  • Bleeck, Arthur Henry (1857). A Concise Grammar of the Persian Language.
  • Brookshaw, Dominic Parviz (2010). The Routledge Introductory Persian Course: Farsi Shirin Ast. Routledge.
  • Boyle, John Andrew (1966). Grammar of Modern Persian. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden.
  • Dahlen, Ashk (2010). Modern persisk grammatik (2nd edition 2014) (Swedish)
  • Doctor, Sorabshaw Byramji (1875). A New Grammar Of The Persian Tongue, Part 1, Accidence: For The Use Of The Higher Classes In Schools And Colleges (reprinted 2010).
  • Elwell-Sutton, L.P. (1963). Elementary Persian Grammar.
  • Forbes, B. (1985). A Grammar of the Persian Language (reprinted 2003).
  • Forbes, Duncan (1869). A Grammar of the Persian Language (4th edition).
  • Ibrahim, Meerza Mohammad (1841). A Grammar Of The Persian Language: To Which Are Subjoined Several Dialogues; With An Alphabetical List Of The English And Persian Terms Of Grammar.
  • Johnson, Edwin Lee (1917). Historical Grammar of the Ancient Persian Language.
  • Jones, Sir William (1771). A Grammar of the Persian Language.
  • Kent, Roland G. (1950). Old Persian: Grammar, Texts, Lexicon.
  • Lambton, Ann K.S. (1953) Persian Grammar. Cambridge University Press.
  • Lazard, Gilbert; Lyon, Shirley A. (1993). A Grammar of Contemporary Persian (Persian Studies, No 14) (paperback).
  • Mace, John (2003). Persian Grammar: For Reference and Revision. Routledge Curzon.
  • Mahootian, Shahrzad (1997). Persian (Descriptive Grammars).
  • Obolensky, Serge; Yazdan Panah, Kambiz; Khaje Nouri, Fereidoun (1963). Persian Basic Course units 1-12. Foreign Service Institute, Washington. (Republished as Spoken Persian in 1973.)
  • Phillott, D. C. (1919) Higher Persian Grammar: For The Use Of The Calcutta University, vols, 1 and 2. (reprinted 2008)
  • Rafiee, Abdi (1975). Colloquial Persian. Routledge.
  • Rosen, Friedrich (reprinted 2010). Modern Persian Colloquial Grammar: Containing a Short Grammar, Dialogues and Extracts from Nasir-Eddin Shah's Diaries, Tales, Etc., and a Vocabulary (originally written in German in 1890).
  • St. Clair-Tisdall, William (1902). Modern Persian Conversation-Grammar; With Reading Lessons, English-Persian Vocabulary and Persian Letters.
  • Stilo, Donald L.; Clinton Jerome (1994). Modern Persian: Spoken and Written.
  • Thackston, Wheeler M. (1993) An Introduction to Persian (3rd edition). IBEX.
  • Windfuhr, Gernot L. (1979). Persian Grammar: History and State of Its Study (Trends in Linguistics State of the Art Reports, No 12).
  • Windfuhr, Gernot L. (1980). Modern Persian: Intermediate level 1. University of Michigan Press.
  • Yousef, Saeed & Torabi, Hayedeh (2012): Basic Persian: A Grammar and Workbook. Routledge.
  • Yousef, Saeed & Torabi, Hayedeh (2013): Intermediate Persian: A Grammar and Workbook. Routledge.

延伸阅读

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  • Perry, John R. "Persian morphology." Morphologies of Asia and Africa 2 (2007): 975-1019.
  • Paul, Ludwig. Persian grammar. Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (编). Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill Online. 2018. ISSN 1873-9830. 
  • Windfuhr, Gernot L. Persian grammar: History and state of its study. Vol. 12. Walter de Gruyter, 2011.

参阅

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外部链接

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在线波斯语动词变位

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