跳转到内容

桩菇属

维基百科,自由的百科全书

网褶菌属
卷缘桩菇
科学分类 编辑
界: 真菌界 Fungi
门: 担子菌门 Basidiomycota
纲: 伞菌纲 Agaricomycetes
目: 牛肝菌目 Boletales
科: 网褶菌科 Paxillaceae
属: 网褶菌属 Paxillus
Fr. (1835)
模式种
卷缘桩菇 Paxillus involutus
(Batsch) Fr. (1838)
异名[1]

桩菇属学名Paxillus,意为小型的木桩[2]),是牛肝菌目网褶菌科的一个。本属物种生长在土让或腐木上,有些物种具有蕈柄,有些则无。有别于典型牛肝菌目物种,网褶菌科的物种具有蕈褶,其中本属的蕈褶常沿蕈柄向下延伸,且容易与蕈伞分离。蕈伞初长成时边缘会稍微往内卷曲。孢子印颜色为黄棕色至橄榄黄色,担孢子表面平滑[3]。本属多数物种有毒而不可食用,其中模式种卷缘桩菇过去在中欧、东欧被认为是可食的,后来才发现其毒性足以致命[2]

桩菇属的物种常与树木形成外菌根英语ectomycorrhiza,是最常被用来研究外菌根的模式生物之一,其中又以卷缘桩菇为大宗。卷缘桩菇与绒毛桩菇英语Paxillus rubicundulus基因组均已被完整定序[4]

物种

[编辑]

截至2018年10月,真菌资料库Index Fungorum共记录了本属38种物种[5][6]

  • Paxillus albidulus
  • 亚马逊桩菇 Paxillus amazonicus
  • Paxillus ammoniavirescens
  • 奥尔桩菇瑞典语Paxillus atraetopus Paxillus atraetopus
  • Paxillus brunneotomentosus
  • Paxillus chalybaeus
  • Paxillus coffeaceus
  • Paxillus defibulatus
  • Paxillus fasciculatus
  • Paxillus fechtneri
  • 丝桩菇 Paxillus filamentosus
  • Paxillus guttatus
  • Paxillus gymnopus
  • Paxillus hortensis
  • Paxillus ianthinophyllus
  • 卷缘桩菇 Paxillus involutus,卷边桩菇
  • Paxillus ionipus
  • Paxillus leoninus
  • Paxillus maculatus
  • Paxillus minutesquamulosus
  • Paxillus obscurisporus
  • Paxillus ochraceus
  • 东方桩菇 Paxillus orientalis[7]
  • Paxillus pahangensis
  • Paxillus piperatus
  • Paxillus polychrous
  • 皱褶桩菇 Paxillus rhytidophyllus
  • Paxillus robiniae
  • 绒毛桩菇英语Paxillus rubicundulus Paxillus rubicundulus
  • Paxillus scleropus
  • Paxillus serbicus
  • Paxillus squamosus
  • Paxillus validus
  • Paxillus velenovskyi
  • Paxillusvernalis
  • 滇桩菇 Paxillus yunnanensis
  • Paxillus zerovae

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ Paxillus Fr. 1835. MycoBank. International Mycological Association. [201-7-01]. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Smith AH, Weber NS. The Mushroom Hunter's Field Guide. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 1980: 211. ISBN 978-0-472-85610-7. 
  3. ^ Alan Bessette, Arleen Rainis Bessette, David William Fischer. Mushrooms of Northeastern North America. Syracuse University Press. 1997: 219 [2018-10-21]. ISBN 0815603886. (原始内容存档于2021-02-14). 
  4. ^ Jargeat P, Chaumeton JP, Navaud O, Vizzini A, Gryta H. The Paxillus involutus (Boletales, Paxillaceae) complex in Europe: Genetic diversity and morphological description of the new species Paxillus cuprinus, typification of P. involutus s.s., and synthesis of species boundaries 118 (1). Fungal Biology: 12-31. 2014. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.10.008. 
  5. ^ Kirk PM. Species Fungorum (version 26th May 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. [2015-05-23]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-14). 
  6. ^ 译名参考:中国生物多样性红色名录—大型真菌卷 (PDF). 中国科学院 生态环境部: 288. 2018-05 [2018-10-21]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-09-12). 
  7. ^ Matteo Gelardi, Alfredo Vizzini, Egon Horak, Enrico Ercole, Samuele Voyron, Gang Wu. Paxillus orientalis sPaxillus nov. (Paxillaceae, Boletales) from south-western China based on morphological and molecular data and proposal of the new subgenus Alnopaxillus 13 (2). Mycological Progress: 333-342. doi:10.1007/s11557-013-0919-1.