草稿:梅尔茨内阁
| 梅尔茨内阁 | |
|---|---|
| ← Scholz | |
 德意志联邦共和国第25届内阁 | |
_117.jpg) 2025年5月5日联盟党和社民党签订组阁协议 | |
| 建立日期 | 2025年5月6日 |
| 组织与人物 | |
| President | Frank-Walter Steinmeier |
| 总理 | Friedrich Merz |
| Vice Chancellor | Lars Klingbeil |
| 成员政党 | Christian Democratic Union Social Democratic Party Christian Social Union in Bavaria |
| 议会地位 | Grand coalition[1][2][3] 328 / 630 (52%)
|
| 反对党 | Alternative for Germany Alliance 90/The Greens The Left South Schleswig Voters' Association |
| 反对党领袖 | Alice Weidel & Tino Chrupalla (AfD) |
| 历史 | |
| 选举 | 2025 federal election |
| 议会任期 | 21st Bundestag |
The Merz cabinet (德语：Kabinett Merz, 发音：[kabiˈnɛt ˈmɛʁts]) is the 25th Government of the Federal Republic of Germany during the 21st legislative session of the Bundestag. It succeeded the previous cabinet led by Olaf Scholz. The cabinet is led by Friedrich Merz.
The cabinet is composed of Merz's Christian Democratic Union (CDU), its Bavarian sister-party Christian Social Union (CSU) (which form the CDU/CSU alliance; the so called Union) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD). It is the fifth time a governing coalition between Union and SPD has been formed in post-war German history and the first since the Fourth Merkel cabinet led by then-Chancellor Angela Merkel in 2018.[4]
Coalition formation
[编辑]The Union (CDU/CSU) with its Chancellor candidate Friedrich Merz emerged from 2025 German federal election as the strongest faction in the new Bundestag. However, the CDU/CSU needed coalition partners (as is usual in German politics) in order to form a majority government. The only possibility of forming a coalition with just one other party was a coalition with the SPD. Mathematically, a two-party coalition with the AfD, which is generally considered to be on the far right, would also have been possible; however, the CDU/CSU had ruled this out before the election.[5]
For the coalition negotations the CDU team included Friedrich Merz and other high-ranking officials such as CSU leader Markus Söder, CDU General Secretary Carsten Linnemann and CDU parliamentary group leader Thorsten Frei, CSU parliamentary group leader Alexander Dobrindt, the Minister President of Saxony Michael Kretschmer, the deputy chairwoman of the CDU Karin Prien and CSU politician Dorothee Bär. The SPD delegation was made up of important personalities such as Defence Minister Boris Pistorius and Labour Minister Hubertus Heil, as well as the Secretary General Matthias Miersch, Bundestag President Bärbel Bas, the two Minister Presidents Manuela Schwesig and Anke Rehlinger, and the head of the SPD in North Rhine-Westphalia Achim Post.[6][7]
Both sides had originally wanted the talks not to commence until 5 March, in view of the 2025 Hamburg state election on 2 March, as well as Carnival (peaking 3 March), which is very popular in some parts of Germany. Subsequently, however, Klingbeil and Merz agreed to an early start in their talks, so exploratory talks between the two parties began in Berlin on 28 February 2025, five days after the election. Merz had set himself the target of forming a coalition by Easter.[8]
From the outset, there were differences of opinion between the CDU and SPD on the reform of the debt brake (which limited the German budget deficit to 0.35% of GDP per year), a possible tax reform, the minimum tax reform, the minimum wage, the citizen's income, immigration, and a new right to vote. On 9 April, both SPD and the CDU/CSU parliamentary groups had reached a coalition agreement to form a new cabinet under Friedrich Merz’s chancellorship. The coalition government would consist of 10 ministers from the CDU/CSU,[a] and 7 from SPD as per the agreement. Additionally, the Vice Cancellor would be nominated by the SPD among 7 of its ministers.[9][10]
Chancellor election
[编辑]The Constitution (Basic Law) requires the President of Germany to propose a Chancellor to the President of the Bundestag for approval by an absolute majority of Bundestag members. Accordingly, after the party leaders of the CDU, CSU and SPD signed their coalition agreement on May 5, Frank-Walter Steinmeier officially proposed Friedrich Merz to Bundestag President Julia Klöckner for election as Chancellor, which was put to the vote the next day by secret ballot.[11]
Although the CDU/CSU and SPD had 328 of 630 members of the Bundestag, in the first round of voting Merz received only 310 votes, below the required 316. This is the first time this has happened in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany. After the election result was announced, the session was interrupted.[12][13][14][15]
According to Article 63 (3) of the Basic Law, the election of the Chancellor is now in the second phase: within a period of 14 days, i.e. until May 20, a quarter of the members of the Bundestag can nominate a candidate for election as Federal Chancellor. The number of ballots is not predetermined and is theoretically unlimited. If a candidate is elected in one of these ballots, the President must appoint him or her. If no new Federal Chancellor is elected within this period, a final election must be held “without delay” (unverzüglich) in accordance with Article 63 (4) of the Basic Law. If a candidate achieves an absolute majority, he or she must be appointed; if no candidate achieves this majority, the President must decide whether to appoint the candidate with the most votes (relative majority) or dissolve the Bundestag.[14]
During the adjournment of the session, the parliamentary groups of the Bundestag discussed a second round of voting. All parliamentary groups agreed that the second round of voting should take place on May 6. The CDU/CSU and SPD parliamentary groups once again put forward Friedrich Merz as their candidate. However, a resolution of the Bundestag was required for this second ballot, as the motion for the election proposal was distributed as a printed matter, which, according to the Bundestag's rules of procedure, may be discussed at least three days after its submission (Section 78 (5) GOBT). The CDU/CSU, SPD, The Greens and The Left parliamentary groups then requested that the deadline be shortened, which is permitted under Section 126 of the Rules of Procedure. The shortening of the deadline was approved unanimously. Friedrich Merz was elected in the second round of voting. He was then appointed President by Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier and sworn in to the Bundestag. The federal ministers were then appointed by Federal President Steinmeier and then sworn in by the Bundestag.[11][13][14][16]
| Balot | Candidate | Votes | Proportion | Parties | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Ballot | Friedrich Merz (CDU) |
Yes | 310 | 49,2% | CDU/CSU SPD | ||||
| No | 307 | 48,7% | |||||||
| Abstention | 3 | 0,48% | |||||||
| Invalid | 1 | 0,16% | |||||||
| not submitted | 9 | 1,43% | |||||||
| Friedrich Merz was not elected as Chancellor of Germany. | |||||||||
| 2nd Ballot | Friedrich Merz (CDU) |
Yes | 325 | 51,6% | CDU/CSU SPD | ||||
| No | 289 | 45,9% | |||||||
| Abstention | 1 | 0,16% | |||||||
| Invalid | 3 | 0,48% | |||||||
| not submitted | 12 | 1,43% | |||||||
| Friedrich Merz was elected as Chancellor of Germany. | |||||||||
Composition
[编辑]
In addition to the chancellor, the cabinet will Template:Emdash according to the coalition agreement Template:Emdash consist of 17 ministers, 16 of whom will have their own portfolio and one Minister for Special Affairs (in order to give cabinet rank to the head of the chancellery). The total number of ministers would thus rise by one in comparision to the Scholz cabinet. The portfolio of digitalization and state modernization would be newly created as a split from the transport ministry and parts of portfolio of the ministry for the interior and of the ministry for economic affairs. Other portfolio reshuffles includes the re-integration of climate action back into the ministry for the environment; it has been merged with economic affairs under outgoing minister Robert Habeck. The responsibility for education is being merged with the portfolio of family, seniors, women and youth affairs, while the remaining ministry for research has been added the designations for technology and spacetravel. The exact changes made will usally be proclaimed by the new chancellor once instated via an organizational decree.
The CDU/CSU ministers were announced on 28 April; the SPD ministers have not yet all been announced; it has only been confirmed that co-party-leader Lars Klingbeil will become Finance Minister and will be nominated for the role of Vice Chancellor, which according to the coalition agreement is to be held by one of the SPD ministers.[17] The distribution of the ministries was laid down in the coalition agreement.
The protocol order of the ministries will only be determined by the Chancellor by organizational decree after the government has been formed. There are certain conventions: The ministry of the Vice Chancellor usually comes first (behind the Chancellor); it may be followed by a ministry of the third coalition party (in this case the CSU). Newly founded ministries are placed at the back of the list, followed by any ministers for special affairs. The order shown here corresponds to these principles and the order of ministries in the Scholz cabinet, which is still in office. The full cabinet would be unveiled on 5 May 2025, the day before Merz took office.[18]
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| Party | Ministers | Percentage | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union | 7 | 41% | |
| Social Democratic Party | 7 | 41% | |
| Christian Social Union | 3 | 18% | |
| Total | 17 | 100% | |
Notes
[编辑]References
[编辑]- ^ Mellmann, Anne-Katrin. Schwarz-rote Koalitionen: Eine Geschichte der Notlösungen. tagesschau.de. [2025-05-05] （德语）.
- ^ Emundts, Corinna. Die Hochrisiko-Koalition: Wie Schwarz-Rot sich nun aufstellen muss. tagesschau.de. [2025-05-05] （德语）.
- ^ Eine Groko, die keine mehr ist: Welche Koalitions-Alternativen Merz jetzt hat ("A grand coalition that is no longer one: Which coalition alternatives does Merz have now?"). Frankfurter Rundschau. 2025-02-24 [2025-05-06] （德语）.
- ^ Germany's Merz unveils coalition deal with Social Democrats after weeks of talks. France 24. 10 April 2025.
- ^ German Federal Election Results. Bloomberg. [12 April 2025]. （原始内容存档于28 February 2025）.
- ^ Sondierungen von Union und SPD sollen heute beginnen [Exploratory talks between the CDU/CSU and SPD to begin today]. Tagesschau. 28 February 2025 [12 April 2025]. （原始内容存档于27 February 2025） （德语）.
- ^ Knackpunkte, Kabinett - der Weg zur Koalition [Sticking points, cabinet - the road to coalition]. Tagesschau. 28 February 2025 [12 April 2025]. （原始内容存档于28 February 2025） （德语）.
- ^ Gespräche von Union und SPD starten schneller als erwartet. Tagesschau. 28 February 2025 [15 March 2025]. （原始内容存档于28 February 2025） （德语）.
- ^ Germany is back, says Merz, after sealing government deal. 9 April 2025 [12 April 2025] （英语）.
- ^ Rinke, Andreas; Williams, Matthias. Germany's Merz unveils coalition deal to spur growth, tackle migration. Reuters. 9 April 2025 [12 April 2025]. （原始内容存档于10 April 2025）.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Bundespräsident, Federal President`s Office. Ernennung des Bundeskanzlers und des Bundeskabinetts. Der Bundespräsident. 2025-05-06 [2025-05-06] （德语）.
- ^ Knoelle, Kirsti; Chambers, Madeline; Marsh, Sarah; Heine, Friederike. Williams, Matthias , 编. Germany's Merz fails to be elected chancellor in shock first-round vote. Reuters (Berlin). 6 May 2025 [6 May 2025]. （原始内容存档于6 May 2025）. 无效
|name-list-style=and(帮助) - ^ 13.0 13.1 Kirby, Paul; Parker, Jessica. Germany's Merz wins vote for chancellor after surviving historic defeat. www.bbc.com. 2025-05-06 [2025-05-06] （英国英语）.
- ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Steinhauer, Irina. Friedrich Merz mit 325 Stimmen zum Bundeskanzler gewählt. Deutscher Bundestag. 2025-05-06 [2025-05-06] （德语）.
- ^ Merz scheitert im ersten Wahlgang bei Kanzlerwahl. tagesschau.de. 2025-05-06 [2025-05-06] （德语）.
- ^ Erfolg im zweiten Wahlgang: Merz zum Bundeskanzler gewählt. tagesschau.de. 2025-05-06 [2025-05-06] （德语）.
- ^ tagesschau.de. SPD-Chef Klingbeil soll Vizekanzler in neuer Bundesregierung werden. tagesschau.de. 2025-04-30 [2025-05-01] （德语）.
- ^ Marsh, Sarah; Rinke, Andreas; Wacket, Markus. Heine, Friederik; Hudson, Alexandra; Graff, Peter , 编. Merz vows to reform Germany as his full cabinet unveiled. Reuters. 2025-05-05 [2025-05-06]. （原始内容存档于6 May 2025）.