镍的同位素
外观
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标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
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镍(原子量:58.6934(2))共有24个同位素,其中有5个是稳定的。
图表[编辑]
符号 | Z | N | 同位素质量(u) [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2] |
衰变 方式[2] |
衰变 产物 [n 3] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率)[n 2] |
相对丰度 的变化量 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激发能量[n 2] | |||||||||
48 Ni |
28 | 20 | 48.01975(54)# | 10# ms [>500 ns] |
0+ | ||||
49 Ni |
28 | 21 | 49.00966(43)# | 13(4) ms [12(+5-3) ms] |
7/2−# | ||||
50 Ni |
28 | 22 | 49.99593(28)# | 9.1(18) ms | β+ | 50 Co |
0+ | ||
51 Ni |
28 | 23 | 50.98772(28)# | 30# ms [>200 ns] |
β+ | 51 Co |
7/2−# | ||
52 Ni |
28 | 24 | 51.97568(9)# | 38(5) ms | β+ (83%) | 52 Co |
0+ | ||
β+, p (17%) | 51 Fe | ||||||||
53 Ni |
28 | 25 | 52.96847(17)# | 45(15) ms | β+ (55%) | 53 Co |
(7/2−)# | ||
β+, p (45%) | 52 Fe | ||||||||
54 Ni |
28 | 26 | 53.95791(5) | 104(7) ms | β+ | 54 Co |
0+ | ||
55 Ni |
28 | 27 | 54.951330(12) | 204.7(17) ms | β+ | 55 Co |
7/2− | ||
56 Ni |
28 | 28 | 55.942132(12) | 6.075(10) d | β+ | 56 Co |
0+ | ||
57 Ni |
28 | 29 | 56.9397935(19) | 35.60(6) h | β+ | 57 Co |
3/2− | ||
58 Ni |
28 | 30 | 57.9353429(7) | 观测上稳定[n 4] | 0+ | 0.680769(89) | |||
59 Ni |
28 | 31 | 58.9343467(7) | 7.6(5)×104 y | ε (99%) | 59 Co |
3/2− | ||
β+ (1.5x10−5%)[3] | |||||||||
60 Ni |
28 | 32 | 59.9307864(7) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.262231(77) | |||
61 Ni |
28 | 33 | 60.9310560(7) | 稳定 | 3/2− | 0.011399(6) | |||
62 Ni [n 5] |
28 | 34 | 61.9283451(6) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.036345(17) | |||
63 Ni |
28 | 35 | 62.9296694(6) | 100.1(20) y | β− | 63 Cu |
1/2− | ||
63m Ni |
87.15(11) keV | 1.67(3) µs | 5/2− | ||||||
64 Ni |
28 | 36 | 63.9279660(7) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.009256(9) | |||
65 Ni |
28 | 37 | 64.9300843(7) | 2.5172(3) h | β− | 65 Cu |
5/2− | ||
65m Ni |
63.37(5) keV | 69(3) µs | 1/2− | ||||||
66 Ni |
28 | 38 | 65.9291393(15) | 54.6(3) h | β− | 66 Cu |
0+ | ||
67 Ni |
28 | 39 | 66.931569(3) | 21(1) s | β− | 67 Cu |
1/2− | ||
67m Ni |
1007(3) keV | 13.3(2) µs | β− | 67 Cu |
9/2+ | ||||
IT | 67Ni | ||||||||
68 Ni |
28 | 40 | 67.931869(3) | 29(2) s | β− | 68 Cu |
0+ | ||
68m1 Ni |
1770.0(10) keV | 276(65) ns | 0+ | ||||||
68m2 Ni |
2849.1(3) keV | 860(50) µs | 5- | ||||||
69 Ni |
28 | 41 | 68.935610(4) | 11.5(3) s | β− | 69 Cu |
9/2+ | ||
69m1 Ni |
321(2) keV | 3.5(4) s | β− | 69 Cu |
(1/2−) | ||||
IT | 69Ni | ||||||||
69m2 Ni |
2701(10) keV | 439(3) ns | (17/2−) | ||||||
70 Ni |
28 | 42 | 69.93650(37) | 6.0(3) s | β− | 70 Cu |
0+ | ||
70m Ni |
2860(2) keV | 232(1) ns | 8+ | ||||||
71 Ni |
28 | 43 | 70.94074(40) | 2.56(3) s | β− | 71 Cu |
1/2−# | ||
72 Ni |
28 | 44 | 71.94209(47) | 1.57(5) s | β− (>99.9%) | 72 Cu |
0+ | ||
β−, n (<.1%) | 71 Cu | ||||||||
73 Ni |
28 | 45 | 72.94647(32)# | 0.84(3) s | β− (>99.9%) | 73 Cu |
(9/2+) | ||
β−, n (<.1%) | 72 Cu | ||||||||
74 Ni |
28 | 46 | 73.94807(43)# | 0.68(18) s | β− (>99.9%) | 74 Cu |
0+ | ||
β−, n (<.1%) | 73 Cu | ||||||||
75 Ni |
28 | 47 | 74.95287(43)# | 0.6(2) s | β− (98.4%) | 75 Cu |
(7/2+)# | ||
β−, n (1.6%) | 74 Cu | ||||||||
76 Ni |
28 | 48 | 75.95533(97)# | 470(390) ms [0.24(+55-24) s] |
β− (>99.9%) | 76 Cu |
0+ | ||
β−, n (<.1%) | 75 Cu | ||||||||
77 Ni |
28 | 49 | 76.96055(54)# | 300# ms [>300 ns] |
β− | 77 Cu |
9/2+# | ||
78 Ni |
28 | 50 | 77.96318(118)# | 120# ms [>300 ns] |
β− | 78 Cu |
0+ |
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明,仅为理论推测。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 用括号括起来的数据代表不确定性。
- ^ 稳定的衰变产物以粗体表示。
- ^ 被认为会双β衰变成58Fe,半衰期超过7×1020年
- ^ 在所有核素中有最高每一核子结合能
← | 同位素列表 | → |
钴的同位素 | 镍的同位素 | 铜的同位素 |
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-09-13]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- ^ I. Gresits; S. Tölgyesi. Determination of soft X-ray emitting isotopes in radioactive liquid wastes of nuclear power plants. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. September 2003, 258 (1): 107–112 [2015-09-13]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-21).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素与同位素的稳定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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