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神经毒性

维基百科,自由的百科全书

神经毒性是对中枢神经系统周围神经系统的功能、结构有不良影响的毒性,影响方式可能是生物性的,也可能和物理或化学有关[1]。若对神经系统的影响大到已改变其正常功能,因而造成神经组织可逆或是永久性的伤害,即为神经毒性(像接触神经毒素就会有此情形)[1]。神经毒性最终会导致神经元的破坏甚至死亡。神经毒性可能因为器官移植放射治疗、特定药物治疗娱乐性用药、接触重金属、被神经毒性的毒蛇咬到、接触农药[2][3]、接触特定工业溶剂[4]、或是燃料[5],也有些自然存在的物质有神经毒性。症状可能在接触后立刻出现,也可能在一段时间后才出现。症状包括虚弱或是麻木、失去记忆、视力减退、智力减退,不可控的强迫行为、妄想、头痛、认知问题或行为问题,以及性功能障碍。若是在家中慢性暴露在轻微神经毒性的环境下,可能要暴露数个月或是数年才会出现症状[6]。上述所有的症状都和霉菌毒素累积的症状一致[7]

参考资料

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参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Cunha-Oliveira, Teresa; Rego, Ana Cristina; Oliveira, Catarina R. Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the neurotoxicity of opioid and psychostimulant drugs. Brain Research Reviews. June 2008, 58 (1): 192–208. PMID 18440072. S2CID 17447665. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.03.002. hdl:10316/4676可免费查阅. 
  2. ^ Keifer, Matthew C.; Firestone, Jordan. Neurotoxicity of Pesticides. Journal of Agromedicine. 31 July 2007, 12 (1): 17–25. PMID 18032333. S2CID 23069667. doi:10.1300/J096v12n01_03. 
  3. ^ Costa, Lucio, G.; Giordano, G; Guizzetti, M; Vitalone, A. Neurotoxicity of pesticides: a brief review. Frontiers in Bioscience. 2008, 13 (13): 1240–9. PMID 17981626. S2CID 36137987. doi:10.2741/2758可免费查阅. 
  4. ^ Sainio, Markku Alarik. Neurotoxicity of solvents. Occupational Neurology. Handbook of Clinical Neurology 131. 2015: 93–110. ISBN 978-0-444-62627-1. PMID 26563785. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-62627-1.00007-X. 
  5. ^ Ritchie, Glenn D.; Still, Kenneth R.; Alexander, William K.; Nordholm, Alan F.; Wilson, Cody L.; Rossi III, John; Mattie, David R. A review of the neurotoxicity risk of selected hydrocarbon fuels. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B: Critical Reviews. 1 July 2001, 4 (3): 223–312. Bibcode:2001JTEHB...4..223R. PMID 11503417. doi:10.1080/109374001301419728. 
  6. ^ Curtis, Luke; Lieberman, Allan; Stark, Martha; Rea, William; Vetter, Marsha. Adverse Health Effects of Indoor Molds. Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine. September 2004, 14 (3): 261–274. doi:10.1080/13590840400010318. 
  7. ^ Kilburn, Kaye H. Role of Molds and Mycotoxins in Being Sick in Buildings: Neurobehavioral and Pulmonary Impairment. Advances in Applied Microbiology 55. 2004: 339–359. ISBN 978-0-12-002657-9. PMID 15350801. doi:10.1016/S0065-2164(04)55013-X.