中东危机 (2023年至今)
外观
此条目翻译品质不佳。 (2025年6月21日) |
中东危机 | ||||||||
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伊朗—以色列代理人冲突、伊朗—沙特阿拉伯代理人冲突、阿以冲突、以巴冲突、加沙—以色列冲突、以黎冲突和真主党—以色列冲突的一部分 | ||||||||
顺时针往下:2023年哈玛斯袭击以色列后,加沙地带发生火灾、真主党总书记哈桑·纳斯鲁拉遇袭身亡后,现场升起浓烟、地中海的美国航空母舰打击群、以伊战争中被以色列击中的建筑和遭以色列轰炸后的加沙 | ||||||||
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参战方 | ||||||||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ...其他[a] |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ... 以及多方支援[b] |
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兵力 | ||||||||
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伤亡与损失 | ||||||||
![]() 超过50,000人死亡[e] ![]() 超过4,000死亡 ![]() 超过900人死亡 ![]() 超过415死亡 ![]() 超过500人死亡 ![]() 超过224人死亡 |
![]() 超过2,000人死亡 ![]() 5人死亡 |
![]() 超过500人死亡 |
第二次世界大战后,中东地区兵连祸结,局势错综复杂。在多年的战争与和平、动荡与稳定之间,中东危机依旧不绝如缕。进入2023年,发生了哈玛斯袭击以色列事件,袭击造成以色列约1200人死亡,250人成为人质。以色列随即对加沙地带宣战,并在轰炸后入侵加沙。据悉,这场战争已造成超过5.7万名巴勒斯坦人死亡。
加沙战争爆发后,数个伊朗支持的抵抗轴心武装加入战事,阻止以色列在加沙的行动。黎巴嫩的真主党向以色列发射火箭炮,引发双方冲突,2024年10月以色列入侵黎巴嫩南部,随后在11月达成停战协定。在也门的胡塞运动袭击了红海的船只,导致英美空袭也门。美国在中东的军事基地也在冲突期间被武装力量袭击。
中东危机期间,伊朗和以色列多次发生正面冲突,并在2025年6月演变为伊朗—以色列战争。2024年11月,叙利亚反对发动大规模攻势,推翻了阿萨德政权,成立过渡政府,以色列宣布部队脱离接触协议无效,入侵叙利亚西南部。
中东危机引发了广泛的外交和政治影响,以色列和阿拉伯国家关系正常化的过程中断。加沙战争引发了严重的人道主义危机,以色列更被指在加沙实行种族灭绝,被南非起诉,目前案件正在国际法院审理。而国际刑事法院则以涉嫌犯下战争罪为由,向以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡等人发出逮捕令。
战场
[编辑]以色列和加沙地带
[编辑]约旦河西岸
[编辑]黎巴嫩
[编辑]也门及红海
[编辑]伊拉克和约旦
[编辑]叙利亚
[编辑]反对派攻势和阿萨德政权终结
[编辑]以色列入侵
[编辑]伊朗
[编辑]伤亡
[编辑]影响
[编辑]注释
[编辑]- ^ 抵抗轴心伊朗与中东民兵组成的非正式联盟。[1]其成员除了哈马斯、真主党、胡塞武装和叙利亚复兴党政权外,还包括巴勒斯坦伊斯兰圣战运动[2]和伊拉克伊斯兰抵抗组织。[3]除此之外,部分联合作战室的武装组织[4]和黎巴嫩民兵也参与了该联盟。[5]阿什塔旅[6]和穆斯林兄弟会也时常与以色列发生冲突。[7]俄罗斯在2024年叙利亚反对派攻势期间为叙利亚复兴党政权提供空袭等援助。[8][9]
- ^ 以色列在战争期间获得多国军援[10]2024年,以色列在防御伊朗导弹袭击时获得了沙特阿拉伯和阿联酋的情报援助。[11]红海危机中,多国结盟参与繁荣卫士行动和阿斯皮德斯行动。[12][13]
- ^ Syria is currently governed by a transitional government that was formed after the fall of the Iran-allied Assad regime to various anti-government rebels in 2024.[14] Israel invaded the border region around the Golan Heights after Assad's fall and has conducted airstrikes against equipment and bases of the former government;[15] while Syrian transitional leaders have condemned Israel's invasion, they have not engaged in direct conflict with Israel and have instead pushed for cordial relations with the country.[16]
- ^ The Palestinian Authority (PA) is not an ally of Israel, though it cooperates with the Israeli military in Palestinian-controlled areas of the West Bank and has been in conflict with local Palestinian militias opposed to Israel during the crisis.[17]
- ^ About 64,000 reportedly killed, with over 14,000 presumed dead as missing added.
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Al-Kassab, Fatima. What is the 'axis of resistance' of Iran-backed groups in the Middle East?. NPR. 2023-10-26 [2025-01-28] (英语).
- ^ Sampson, Eve. What Is Palestinian Islamic Jihad?. The New York Times. 2024-08-29 [2025-01-28]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语).
- ^ Ben-Ari, Lior; Zitun, Yoav. Iran-backed militias in Iraq claim struck Israel's Karish natural gas rig in Mediterranean. Ynetnews. 2023-12-22 [2025-01-28] (英语).
- ^ Ragad, Abdelali; Irvine-Brown, Richard; Garman, Benedict; Seddon, Sean. How Hamas built a force to attack Israel on 7 October. BBC. 2023-11-27 [2025-01-28] (英国英语).
- ^ Homsi, Nada. 'We're with the resistance': Hezbollah allies the Fajr Forces join Lebanon-Israel front. The National. 2023-10-31 [2025-01-28] (英语).
- ^ Bahraini resistance group claims drone attack on Israeli port. Islamic Republic News Agency. 2024-05-04 [2025-01-28] (英语).
- ^ Israel army kills two attackers who crossed from Jordan. France 24. Agence France-Presse. 2024-10-18 [2025-01-28] (英语).
- ^ Matthews, Sean. Exclusive: US intelligence suggests Russian military is advising Houthis inside Yemen. Middle East Eye. August 2, 2024 [2025-02-15].
- ^ Kourdi, Eyad; Lister, Tim; Tanno, Sophie; Britzky, Haley; Razek, Raja. Syrian and Russian jets step up strikes on rebels after opposition seizes much of Aleppo. CNN. 2024-12-01 [2025-01-28] (英语).
- ^ Guay, Terrence. Where do Israel and Hamas get their weapons?. The Conversation. 2024-01-23 [2025-02-03] (美国英语).
- ^ Bradley, Matt. An uneasy alliance of Arab states helped defend Israel from Iran. Their resolve may soon be tested.. NBC News. 2024-04-16 [2025-02-03] (英语).
- ^ Sabbagh, Dan. US announces naval coalition to defend Red Sea shipping from Houthi attacks. The Guardian. 2023-12-19 [2025-02-03]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语).
- ^ 引用错误:没有为名为
thenationalnews20240215
的参考文献提供内容 - ^ Ward, Euan. What We Know About Ahmed al-Shara, Syria's Interim President. The New York Times. 2025-01-30 [2025-02-03]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语).
- ^ Cordall, Simon Speakman; Salhani, Justin. Why is Israel attacking Syria?. Al Jazeera. 2024-12-11 [2025-02-03] (英语).
- ^ Al-Shalchi, Hadeel. New leaders in Damascus call for cordial Syria ties with a resistant Israel. NPR. 2024-12-27 [2025-02-03] (英语).
- ^ Nashed, Mat. Palestinian Authority's raid on Jenin appeals to Israeli, Western interests. Al Jazeera. 2024-12-30 [2025-02-03] (英语).
- ^ Nakhoul, Samia. How Hamas secretly built a 'mini-army' to fight Israel. Reuters. 13 October 2023 [13 October 2023]. (原始内容存档于13 October 2023).
- ^ What is Hezbollah and why is Israel attacking Lebanon?. BBC News. 3 November 2023 [30 September 2024]. (原始内容存档于4 October 2024).
- ^ Pape, Robert A. Israel's Failed Bombing Campaign in Gaza. Foreign Affairs. 6 December 2023 [7 December 2023]. (原始内容存档于7 December 2023).
- ^ Cooper, Helene. U.S. To Deploy Missile Defense System and About 100 Troops to Israel. The New York Times. 13 October 2024.
- ^ IISS. The Military Balance 2023. Routledge. 2023: 338.