User:WiTo7946/沙盒/stock5
外观

< User:WiTo7946 | 沙盒
國鳥是一個國家中最具象徵意義的鳥,為國家象徵之一。[1]一個國家選擇其國鳥時並沒有一定的通用標準,但通常會依特定條件決定,當中常見的理由包含:能彰顯其民族精神、反映歷史意義、性格勇猛、外觀美麗而吸引人、受當地民眾歡迎、是當地特有種、為了引起對該物種的保育意識等等。[1][2][3]通常而言,一個國家只會有一種國鳥;但不乏有選出複數隻的情況;也有多個國家選擇同一種鳥類的情形發生。[2]
國鳥列表
[编辑]國家 | 中文俗名 | 學名 | 圖片 | 官方承認 | 參考來源 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
褐喉鹦哥的亞種(阿魯巴錐尾鸚鵡) | Eupsittula pertinax arubensis | ![]() |
是 | [4] |
![]() |
[[]] | [] 错误:{{Lang}}:无文本(帮助) | [[File:|200px]] | {{}} | |
![]() |
游隼 | Falco peregrinus | ![]() |
是 | [5][6] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
[[]] | [] 错误:{{Lang}}:无文本(帮助) | [[File:|200px]] | {{}} | |
![]() |
[[]] | [] 错误:{{Lang}}:无文本(帮助) | [[File:|200px]] | {{}} | |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
鴯鶓 | Dromaius novaehollandiae | ![]() |
否[註 1] | [7]:18 |
![]() |
家燕 | Hirundo rustica | ![]() |
是 | [8] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
鹊鸲 | Copsychus saularis | ![]() |
是 | [9] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
美洲红鹳 | Phoenicopterus ruber | ![]() |
是 | [10] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
棕腹鶇 | Turdus rufiventris | 是 | [7]:43[11] | |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
渡鸦 | Corvus corax | ![]() |
是 | [12] |
![]() |
紫胸佛法僧 | Coracias caudatus | ![]() |
否[註 2] | [7]:40[13] |
灰颈鹭鸨 | Ardeotis kori | ![]() | |||
西牛背鹭 | Bubulcus ibis | ![]() |
[5][6][13] | ||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
灰噪鸦 | Perisoreus canadensis | ![]() |
否[註 3] | [16] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
丹頂鶴 | Grus japonensis | ![]() |
否[註 4] | [17] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
泥色鶇 | Turdus grayi | ![]() |
是 | [18] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
古巴白额鹦哥的亞種(開曼群島鸚鵡) | Amazona leucocephala caymanensis Amazona leucocephala hesterna |
是 | [19] | |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
帝王亞馬遜鸚鵡 | Amazona imperalis | ![]() |
是[註 5] | [20] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
安第斯神鹫 | Vultur gryphus | ![]() |
是 | [7]:65 |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
家燕 | Hirundo rustica | ![]() |
是 | [21] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
大天鹅 | Cygnus cygnus | ![]() |
是 | [22] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
[[]] | [] 错误:{{Lang}}:无文本(帮助) | [[File:|200px]] | {{}} | |
![]() |
北非石鸡 | Alectoris barbara | ![]() |
是 | [7]:76[23] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
威氏棕翅鸠 | Leptotila wellsi | ![]() |
是 | [24] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
鳳尾綠咬鵑 | Pharomachrus mocinno | ![]() |
是 | [7]:78 |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
麝雉 | Opisthocomus hoazin | ![]() |
是 | [7]:82 |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
伊岛咬鹃 | Priotelus roseigaster | ![]() |
是 | [7]:84[25] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
蓝孔雀 | Pavo cristatus | 是 | [26] | |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
凤头麦鸡[註 6] | Vanellus vanellus | ![]() |
否 | [27] |
欧金鸻[註 7] | Pluvialis apricaria | ![]() |
[28] | ||
粉红燕鸥[註 7] | Sterna dougallii | ![]() | |||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
戴勝 | Upupa epops | ![]() |
是 | [29] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
紅嘴綬帶蜂鳥 | Trochilus polytmus | ![]() |
是 | [30] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
褐鹈鹕 | Pelecanus occidentalis | ![]() |
是 | [31] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
圣卢西亚鹦哥 | Amazona versicolor | ![]() |
是 | [32] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
蓝喉原鸡 | Gallus lafayettii | ![]() |
是 | [33] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
白鹳 | Ciconia ciconia | ![]() |
否 | [34] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
凤头巨隼 | Caracara plancus | ![]() |
否 | [7]:117 |
金雕 | Aquila chrysaetos | ![]() |
[7]:117[35] | ||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
金雕 | Aquila chrysaetos | ![]() |
是 | [7]:120 |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
模里西斯隼 | Falco punctatus | ![]() |
是 | [36] |
![]() |
斑尾咬鵑 | Apaloderma vittatum | ![]() |
否 | [5][6] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
吼海雕 | Icthyophaga vocifer | ![]() |
是 | [5][6] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
黑冠鶴 | Balearica pavonina | ![]() |
是 | [37] |
![]() |
綠眉翠鴗 | Eumomota superciliosa | ![]() |
是 | [38] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
黑尾塍鹬 | Limosa limosa | ![]() |
否[註 8] | [39] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
鷸鴕 | Apteryx | ![]() |
否[註 9] | [40][41] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
食猿鵰 | Pithecophaga jefferyi | ![]() |
是 | [42] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
蒼鷹 | Astur gentilis | ![]() |
是 | [3] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
巴勒斯坦花蜜鸟 | Cinnyris osea | ![]() |
是 | [43] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
蛇鷲 | Sagittarius serpentarius | ![]() |
? | |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
黄腰太阳鸟 | Aethopyga siparaja | ![]() |
否 | [44] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
綠眉翠鴗 | Eumomota superciliosa | ![]() |
是 | [45] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
欧乌鸫 | Turdus merula | ![]() |
否[註 10] | [46][47] |
![]() |
紫冠蕉鵑 | Gallirex porphyreolophus | ![]() |
是 | [48][49] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
塞舌尔黑鹦鹉 | Coracopsis barklyi | ![]() |
是 | [50] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
戴氏火背鹇 | Lophura diardi | ![]() |
是 | [7]:178[51] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
美洲红鹮 (千里達) |
Eudocimus ruber | ![]() |
是 | [52][7]:180 |
棕臀小冠雉 (托巴哥) |
Ortalis ruficauda | ![]() | |||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
臺灣藍鵲 | Urocissa caerulea | ![]() |
否[註 11] | [53] |
帝雉 | Syrmaticus mikado | ![]() | |||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
灰冠鶴 | Balearica regulorum | ![]() |
是 | [54] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
哀鸽 | Zenaida macroura | ![]() |
是 | [55] |
![]() |
蕉森鶯 | Coereba flaveola | ![]() |
是 | [56] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
齿嘴鸠 | Didunculus strigirostris | 是 | [57] | |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
阿拉伯锡嘴雀 | Rhynchostruthus percivali | ![]() |
是 | [7]:204[58] |
![]() |
藍鶴 | Grus paradisea | ![]() |
是 | [59] |
![]() |
吼海雕 | Icthyophaga vocifer | ![]() |
是 | [5][6] |
![]() |
吼海雕 | Icthyophaga vocifer | ![]() |
是 | [60] |
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
過往的國鳥
[编辑]國家 | 中文俗名 | 學名 | 圖片 | 官方承認 | 參考來源 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
註釋
[编辑]- ^ 雖然未被正式承認為國鳥,但已於其國徽上出現。
- ^ 有未證實的消息指出灰颈鹭鸨曾被其環境部提名為國鳥。[13]
- ^ 2015年至2016年間,加拿大皇家地理學會舉辦了非官方性質的國鳥投票,最終學者從灰噪鸦、普通潜鸟、雪鸮、加拿大雁及黑顶山雀中選出了灰噪鸦。但加拿大文化遺產部表示暫未有相關計畫承認新的國家象徵。[14][15]
- ^ 因學名原因產生爭議,參見中国国鸟條目。
- ^ 《世界概況》亦指出棕櫚䳭為其國家象徵之一。
- ^ 1990年由愛爾蘭野生動物保護協會(Irish Wildlife Conservancy)宣布
- ^ 7.0 7.1 出現於2019年的歐洲國鳥系列郵票中[28]
- ^ 由鳥類保護組織Vogelbescherming Nederland及廣播節目Vroege Vogels開放投票選出。[39]
- ^ 雖稱鷸鴕是其國家象徵,但並未有正式認定為何種鷸鴕。
- ^ 1962年、2017年均由瑞典國際鳥盟舉行投票確認欧乌鸫勝出。
- ^ 參見台灣國鳥條目。
參考資料
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 【策劃】你知道日本的國花、國鳥、國菌、國石和國蝶是什麼嗎?【2】--日本頻道. 人民網. [2025-04-29] (中文(中国大陆)).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 世界国鸟. 中国国家地理网. [2025-04-29] (中文(中国大陆)).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 朝鲜的国家象征. 朝鲜外文出版社. 2019-09: 36–42 [2025-04-29]. ISBN 978-9946-0-1893-5 (中文(中国大陆)).
- ^ Bussel, Tineke van. Prikichi declared Aruba national bird. DCNA. 2017-02-22 [2025-04-29] (英语).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Namibia Stamps: SAPOA Sheetlet. Namib Stamps. 2004 [2025-05-01]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-04) (英语).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 First SAPOA joint issue national birds (PDF). 2004-10-11 [2025-05-01] (英语).
- ^ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 Toft, Ron. National birds of the world. London: Bloomsbury. 2014 [2025-04-29]. ISBN 978-1-4081-7835-5.
- ^ National Symbols Of Austria. Honorary consulate Republic of Austria Sri Lanka. [2025-04-30] (英语).
- ^ National Icons of Bangladesh. bangla2000. [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26) (英语).
- ^ The Flamingo - National Bird of The Bahamas. The Official Website of the Government of The Bahama. [2025-04-29] (英语).
- ^ DECRETO DE 3 DE OUTUBRO DE 2002. www.planalto.gov.br. [2025-04-30] (巴西葡萄牙语).
- ^ National Bird. Permanent Mission of Bhutan to the UN. [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-20) (英语).
- ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Botswana Safari - Birds of Botswana. Botswana Wildlife Species Guide. [2025-05-01].
- ^ Sanderson, Blair. Canada isn't getting a national bird after all. CBC News. 2017-07-02 [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2025-04-03) (英语).
- ^ Welcome to the National Bird Project. National Bird Project. Canadian Geographic. [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-08) (英语).
- ^ Canada's new national bird is the gray jay. BBC News. 2016-11-17 [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2025-02-12) (英语).
- ^ 林文龙. 丹顶鹤拉丁文名为日本鹤 候选国鸟存争议. 科学网. 2008-09-04 [2025-04-29] (中文(中国大陆)).
- ^ El Yigüirro. Presidencia de la República de Costa Rica. [2025-05-13] (西班牙语).
- ^ Our National Symbols. Cayman Islands Government. [2025-04-29].
- ^ National Bird. Government of Dominica Web Portal. [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2025-04-07) (英语).
- ^ President of the Republic at the History Conference Dedicated to the 85th Anniversary of the Republic of Estonia on 21 November 2003. eesti.ee. [2025-04-30] (英语).
- ^ Iconic Finnish nature symbols stand out. this is FINLAND. 2014-08-25 [2025-04-30]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-25) (英语).
- ^ Gomez, Eyleen. Barbary Partridge population surges to 200 in six years. Gibraltar Chronicle. 2020-10-03 [2025-04-30] (英语).
- ^ National Symbols. Government of Grenada. [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2025-02-17) (英国英语).
- ^ National symbol(s) - The World Factbook. www.cia.gov. [2025-05-01]. (原始内容存档于2016-11-08) (英语).
- ^ National Informatics Centre (NIC), Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Government of India. National Symbols. india.gov.in. 2023-05-03 [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-01) (英语).
- ^ Reilly, Jerome. Lapwing's tricolour feathers fit the bill. Irish Independent. 2016-10-23 [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-03) (英语).
- ^ 28.0 28.1 Europa stamps celebrate our National Birds. An post. [2025-04-29] (英语).
- ^ Erlichman, Erez. Hoopoe Israel's new national bird. ynet. 2008-05-30 [2025-05-01]. (原始内容存档于2023-04-19) (英语).
- ^ National Bird – The Doctor Bird. Office of the Prime Minister. [2025-05-01]. (原始内容存档于2022-09-05) (英语).
- ^ National Symbols. The Government of St. Kitts and Nevis. [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2025-02-16) (英语).
- ^ The Saint Lucia Parrot (Amazona versicolor). Government of Saint Lucia archived website. [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2024-11-27) (英语).
- ^ Sri Lanka - Country Overview. Sri Lanka Government official electronic information and services (eServices) delivery portal. [2025-05-01]. (原始内容存档于2025-02-22) (英语).
- ^ Silviu, Andrieş-Tabac. Identitatea simbolică neoficială a Republicii Moldova. Revista de Ştiinţă, Inovare, Cultură şi Artă „Akademos”. 2011, (1(20)): 131–138 [2025-05-01]. ISSN 1857-0461 (罗马尼亚语).
- ^ Crested Caracara. Los Angeles Zoo and Botanical Gardens. [2025-04-30]. (原始内容存档于2025-04-04) (英语).
- ^ Flag raising ceremony in Réduit marks National Day celebrations of the Republic of Mauritius. Government of Mauritius. 2022-03-12 [2025-04-28] (英语).
- ^ Edet, DI; Akinyemi, AF; Edet, AI; et al. Conservation of the west African black-crowned crane Balearica pavonina pavonina (Linn 1758) in the sudano-sahelian wetlands of northern Nigeria. International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology. 2018, 3 (1): 15–19. doi:10.15406/ijawb.2018.03.00045 (英语).
- ^ Ley que declara al Guardabarranco, Ave nacional de Nicaragua. Dirección de Información Legislativa. [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-26) (西班牙语).
- ^ 39.0 39.1 Pascoe, Robin. Godwit wins second poll to become Dutch national bird. DutchNews.nl. 2015-11-18 [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2025-01-23) (英语).
- ^ Kiwi. Govt.nz. [2025-05-01]. (原始内容存档于2025-04-10) (New Zealand English).
- ^ Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. Nationhood and identity. TEARA. [2025-05-01]. (原始内容存档于2011-08-07) (英语).
- ^ National Symbols. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2022-08-06) (英语).
- ^ Hijaw, Rana. The Palestine Sunbird. This Week in Palestine (293). [2025-05-01]. (原始内容存档于2023-10-19) (美国英语).
- ^ Lay, Belmont. Crimson Sunbird demoted to unofficial national bird of S'pore 2 days after suddenly receiving official title. Mothership. 2015-11-03 [2025-05-02] (英语).
- ^ Decreto No. 735 La asamblea legislativa de la República de el Salvador (PDF). [2025-04-29] (西班牙语).
- ^ Var med och utse en svensk nationalfågel!. Sveriges Ornitologiska Förening. [2025-05-02]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-27) (瑞典语).
- ^ Rigbäck, Stina. Koltrasten Sveriges nationalfågel. BirdLife Sverige. 2015-09-04 [2025-05-02] (瑞典语).
- ^ Birds - Mantenga Nature Reserve. Eswatini National Trust Commission. [2025-05-01] (英语).
- ^ Eswatini. African Bird Club. [2025-05-01]. (原始内容存档于2024-12-09) (英语).
- ^ Mahe. Seychelles becomes the first country in the world to eradicate the invasive ring-necked parakeet. Seychelles Islands Foundation (SIF). 2019-03-05 [2025-05-02]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-23).
- ^ Siamese Fireback Pheasant. Tulsa Zoo. [2025-05-01]. (原始内容存档于2025-02-06) (英语).
- ^ National Symbols – NALIS. National Library and Information System Authority. [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2024-12-03) (英语).
- ^ 李娉婷. 台灣藍鵲、帝雉兩種長尾巴藍色鳥 誰才是台灣國鳥?. 動物友善網. 2024-12-31 [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2025-02-20) (中文(臺灣)).
- ^ National Symbols. All About Uganda. [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-28) (英语).
- ^ National Symbols. Government of the Virgin Islands. [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2025-04-16) (英语).
- ^ Forest Birds of the Virgin Islands - Virgin Islands National Park (U.S. National Park Service). National Park Service. [2025-05-01]. (原始内容存档于2025-04-04) (英语).
- ^ Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Samoa在2021年3月23日的動態
- ^ Mordret, Julien. Meet The National Bird of Yemen: The Arabian Golden-Winged Grosbeak. 2023-12-16 [2025-05-02] (英语).
- ^ National bird. South African Government. [2025-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2024-11-30) (英语).
- ^ Zimbabwe. African Bird Club. [2025-05-01]. (原始内容存档于2025-02-09) (英语).