User:Shangkuanlc/沙盒/洛哌丁胺

Shangkuanlc/沙盒/洛哌丁胺
臨床資料
读音	/loʊˈpɛrəmaɪd/
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）	Imodium, Lopex, others
其他名稱	R-18553
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682280
懷孕分級	澳: B3 ; ;
给药途径	oral, inhaled
ATC碼	A07DA03 (WHO) ; A07DA05 (oxide);
法律規範狀態
法律規範	澳：限药店出售（S2）; 加：OTC; 英：一般销售列表 (GSL, OTC); 美：OTC;
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度	0.3%
血漿蛋白結合率	97%
药物代谢	肝臟 (extensive)
生物半衰期	9-14 hours
排泄途徑	Faeces (30-40%), urine (1%)
识别信息
	IUPAC命名法 4-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylbutanamide; ;
CAS号	53179-11-6（; 34552-83-5 (with HCl)）
PubChem CID	3955;
IUPHAR/BPS	7215;
DrugBank	DB00836 Category:Articles with changed DrugBank identifier;
ChemSpider	3818 ;
UNII	6X9OC3H4II;
KEGG	D08144 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:6532 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL841 ;
化学信息
化学式	C29H33ClN2O2
摩尔质量	477.037 g/mol (513.506 with HCl)
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））	交互式图像;
	SMILES ClC1=CC=C(C2(CCN(CC2)CCC(C3=CC=CC=C3)(C(N(C)C)=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)C=C1;
	InChI InChI=1S/C29H33ClN2O2/c1-31(2)27(33)29(24-9-5-3-6-10-24,25-11-7-4-8-12-25)19-22-32-20-17-28(34,18-21-32)23-13-15-26(30)16-14-23/h3-16,34H,17-22H2,1-2H3 ; Key:RDOIQAHITMMDAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;

Loperamide, sold under the brand name Imodium among others, is a medication used to decrease the frequency of 腹瀉.^[1] It is often used for this purpose in 腸胃炎, 炎症性肠病, and short bowel syndrome（英语：short bowel syndrome）. It is not recommended in those with 痢疾. The medication is taken by mouth.^[1]

Common side effects include abdominal pain, 便秘, sleepiness, vomiting, and a dry mouth. It may increase the risk of toxic megacolon（英语：toxic megacolon）.^[1] Loperamide's safety in 妊娠 is unclear but their is no evidence of harm.^[2] It appear to be safe in 母乳餵養.^[3] It is an 鴉片類藥物 that is not absorbed.^[4] It works by slowing the contractions of the intestines.^[1]

Loperamide was first made in 1969 and used medically in 1976.^[5] It is on the 世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单, the most important medication needed in a basic health system（英语：health system）.^[6] It is as a 通用名药物 and is not very expensive.^[1]^[7] Wholesale the cost is about 0.004 to 0.04 USD a dose.^[8] In the United States it is about 0.20 USD a dose.^[1]

References

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Loperamide Hydrochloride. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Aug 25, 2015].
^ Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database. Australian Government. 3 March 2014 [22 April 2014].
^ Loperamide use while Breastfeeding. [26 August 2015].
^ loperamide hydrochloride. NCI Drug Dictionary. [26 August 2015].
^ Patrick, Graham L. An introduction to medicinal chemistry Fifth edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2013: 644. ISBN 9780199697397.
^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013 [22 April 2014].
^ Hamilton, Richard J. Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia 14. [Sudbury, Mass.]: Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2013: 217. ISBN 9781449673611.
^ Loperamide HCL. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [26 August 2015].

[AHFS2015-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Loperamide Hydrochloride. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Aug 25, 2015].

[AG2015-2] Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database. Australian Government. 3 March 2014 [22 April 2014].

[3] Loperamide use while Breastfeeding. [26 August 2015].

[NCI2015Dic-4] ramide hydrochloride. NCI Drug Dictionary. [26 August 2015].

[5] Patrick, Graham L. An introduction to medicinal chemistry Fifth edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2013: 644. ISBN 9780199697397.

[6] WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013 [22 April 2014].

[Ric2013-7] Hamilton, Richard J. Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia 14. [Sudbury, Mass.]: Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2013: 217. ISBN 9781449673611.

[ERC2015-8] Loperamide HCL. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [26 August 2015].

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