User:Lureplant/沙盒

花吉營層
地层年代：凡藍今期-阿普第期
花吉營層; 地层年代：凡藍今期-阿普第期
类型	地層組
属于	熱河群
包含	過河段; 碾子溝段; 橋頭段; 四岔口段
上覆	青石砬層（英语：Qingshili Formation）
下伏	大北溝層（英语：Dabeigou Formation）
地点
地区	河北省
国家	中國

花吉營層（英語：Huajiying Formation）為位於中國河北省的地層組，地層年代未定，出產的化石主要以有羽毛恐龍為主。花吉營層可能屬於熱河群的早期地層組，地層年代為侏儸紀晚期至白堊紀早期。花吉營層可能與 It may represent an early portion of the Jehol Biota, dating to somewhere in the early Cretaceous or late Jurassic periods. It may correlate with the early Cretaceous Dadianzi Formation and parts of the Yixian Formation, with an age range between 140 and 122 Ma ago.^[1] It contains the 橋頭段, sometimes treated as a distinct formation.

Age and stratigraphy

The Huajiying Formation contains the following members, in order from youngest to oldest:

5th Volcanic Member
Guohedao Sedimentary Member
4th Volcanic Member
Nianzigou Sedimentary Member
3rd Volcanic Member
Qiaotou Sedimentary Member
2nd Volcanic Member
Sichakou Sedimentary Member
1st Volcanic Member

The age of the formation is uncertain. Ji and colleagues suggested in 2008 that the Qiaotou Member correlates with the Dawangzhangzi bed of the Yixian Formation, dated to ~122 Ma ago by Zhou in 2006.^[2] Ji et al. also suggested that the lower Sichakou Member correlates with the Dadianzi Formation, dated to 140 Ma ago by Tian and colleagues in 2003.^[3]

Paleobiota

The faunal lists below are based on a survey of the Huajiying Formation by Jin Fan and colleagues in 2008, unless otherwise noted.^[4]

色鍵

分類單元	重新分類的分類單元	錯誤的分類單元	可疑的分類單元或初級同義詞	足跡分類單元	蛋分類單元	形態分類群

註釋
不確定或暫定的分類單元以小字體展示； ~~被劃掉~~的分類單元不可信

Theropods

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes	Images
Archaeornithura	A. meemannae	Fengning	Sichakou Member	An ornithuromorph	Archaeornithura
Cruralispennia	C. multidonta		Sichakou Member	An enantiornithine	Cruralispennia
Eopengornis	E. martini			An enantiornithine
"Hebeiornis"	"H. fengningensis"		Qiaotou Member	Nomen nudum/objective junior synonym of Vescornis
Jibeinia	J. luanhera		Qiaotou Member	An enantiornithine
Jinfengopteryx	J. elegans		Qiaotou Member	A troodontid	Jinfengopteryx
Protopteryx	P. fengningensis		Sichakou Member	An enantiornithine
Shenqiornis^[1]	S. mengi		Qiaotou Member	An enantiornithine
Vescornis	V. hebeiensis		Qiaotou Member	An enantiornithine
Xunmenglong	X. yinlianglis			A compsognathid

Pterosaurs

Genus	Species	County	Member	Abundance	Notes	Images
Cratonopterus^[5]	C. huabei	Fengning			A ctenochasmatid
Ornithocheiroidea^[6]	Indeterminate	Fengning			Partial skeleton of an indeterminate ornithocheiroid

Fishes

Genus	Species	Abundance	Notes	Images
Lycoptera	L. davidi	Also present in the Jiufotang Formation & Yixian Formation	An osteoglossomorph	Lycoptera davidi Yanosteus longidorsalis
Lycoptera	L. tokunagai		An osteoglossomorph
Peipiaosteus	P. fengningensis		A fish related to sturgeons
Protopsephurus	P. liui	Also present in the Jiufotang & Yixian Formations	A paddlefish
Yanosteus	Y. longidorsalis	Also present in the Yixian Formation	A peipiaosteid

Invertebrates

Genus	Species	County	Member	Abundance	Notes	Images
Yanjiestheria	Y. huajiyingensis			Well-preserved remains and eggs.^[7]	A spinicaudatan

References

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Wang, X., O’Connor, J.K., Zhao, B., Chiappe, L.M., Gao, C. and Cheng, X. (2010). "New species of Enantiornithes (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Qiaotou Formation in Northern Hebei, China." Acta Geologica Sinica, 84(2): 247-256.
^ Zhou, Z. (2006). "Evolutionary radiation of the Jehol Biota: chronological and ecological perspectives." Geological Journal, 41: 377–393.
^ Tian, S.G., Liu, Y.Q., Li, P.X., Pang, Q. and Niu, S. (2003). "Sequence stratigraphy of Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary strata in Luanping, Northern Hebei, China." Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 47(7): 607―617.
^ Jin, F., Zhang, F.C., Li, Z.H., Zhang, J.Y., Li, C. and Zhou, Z.H. (2008). "On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota." Chinese Science Bulletin, 53(18): 2820-2827.
^ Jiang, Shunxing; Song, Junyi; Zhang, Xinjun; Cheng, Xin; Wang, Xiaolin. A new pterosaur from the early stage of the Jehol biota in China, with a study on the relative thickness of bone walls. Heliyon. 2023-11-15, 9 (12). E22370. Bibcode:2023Heliy...922370J. PMC 10709016 . PMID 38076164. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22370  （英语）.
^ Zhou, Chang-Fu; Zhu, Ziheng; Chen, Jianye. First pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Huajiying Formation of the Jehol Biota, northern Hebei Province, China: insights on the pedal diversity of Pterodactyloidea. Historical Biology. 2022-05-22, 35 (7): 1129–1135. ISSN 0891-2963. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2079085 （英语）.
^ Li, Gang. New spinicaudatan species (Crustacea) of the Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian–Hauterivian) Jehol Biota from northern Hebei, China. Cretaceous Research. 2022-11-25, 143: 105425. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 253998860. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105425 （英语）.

[wangetal2010-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Wang, X., O’Connor, J.K., Zhao, B., Chiappe, L.M., Gao, C. and Cheng, X. (2010). "New species of Enantiornithes (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Qiaotou Formation in Northern Hebei, China." Acta Geologica Sinica, 84(2): 247-256.

[zhou2006-2] Zhou, Z. (2006). "Evolutionary radiation of the Jehol Biota: chronological and ecological perspectives." Geological Journal, 41: 377–393.

[tianetal2003-3] Tian, S.G., Liu, Y.Q., Li, P.X., Pang, Q. and Niu, S. (2003). "Sequence stratigraphy of Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary strata in Luanping, Northern Hebei, China." Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 47(7): 607―617.

[jinetal2008-4] Jin, F., Zhang, F.C., Li, Z.H., Zhang, J.Y., Li, C. and Zhou, Z.H. (2008). "On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota." Chinese Science Bulletin, 53(18): 2820-2827.

[Cratonopterus-5] Jiang, Shunxing; Song, Junyi; Zhang, Xinjun; Cheng, Xin; Wang, Xiaolin. A new pterosaur from the early stage of the Jehol biota in China, with a study on the relative thickness of bone walls. Heliyon. 2023-11-15, 9 (12). E22370. Bibcode:2023Heliy...922370J. PMC 10709016 . PMID 38076164. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22370  （英语）.

[Zhou2022-6] Zhou, Chang-Fu; Zhu, Ziheng; Chen, Jianye. First pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Huajiying Formation of the Jehol Biota, northern Hebei Province, China: insights on the pedal diversity of Pterodactyloidea. Historical Biology. 2022-05-22, 35 (7): 1129–1135. ISSN 0891-2963. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2079085 （英语）.

[7] Li, Gang. New spinicaudatan species (Crustacea) of the Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian–Hauterivian) Jehol Biota from northern Hebei, China. Cretaceous Research. 2022-11-25, 143: 105425. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 253998860. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105425 （英语）.

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