Talk:句法学/存档1
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不好意思…我認為syntax這個條目仍有存在的必要。
there are some major differences between the grammar and the syntax .
語法跟句法是一個有很大差異的東西。
the syntax would be better than the grammar for you to try to explain the relationship of English or Japanese structure sometimes if you were trying to learn English and Japanese .
從句法來解譯英語跟日語的關係有時候反而比直接學習語法還來的重要。
the English grammar emphasizes ,subject ,predicate , object .which means 我subject 愛predicate 你object
英語的語法強調：主語，謂語，賓語。也就是主格，謂格，受格。i主 love謂 you受
otherwise ,the grammar also emphasizes grammatical person .for example : 我，你，他，她，它，我們，你們，他們，我，你，他，她，它，我們，你們，他們。
(你們們,second person plural ,it has not been found to evaluate the its existence in writhing or speaking)
(您subject ,您object ,second person singular in polite form)
另外，語法也強詞：人稱、i .you ,he ,she ,it ,we ,you ,they ,me ,you ,him ,her ,it ,us ,you ,them
(youse ,第二人稱複數，不曾見過的說法跟寫法)
(thou主格 ,thee 受格,第二人稱單數敬稱)
the transformation of English verb ,for example :做，做過，正在做，做完過，是，是，是，正在是，是完過。
動詞時態變化、do ,did ,doing ,done ,be ,am ,are ,is ,being ,been
the transformation of auxiliary verb ,for example :做，做，做過，曾經，曾經，已經。
一般助動詞變化、do ,does ,did ,have ,has ,had
the transformation of modal verb ,for example :將應該，過去應該，將要，願意，將能，過去能，將可能，過去可能。
情態助動詞變化、shall ,should ,will ,would ,can ,could ,may ,might
the transformation of singular and plural ,for example :一位男人，男人們，一位男孩，男孩們，一顆蘋果，蘋果們，做，做，做過，有，有，有過
單複數關係、a man ,men .a boy ,boys ,an apple ,apples ,do ,does ,did ,have ,has ,had
passive structure ,for example :被做由，曾經被做完過由，他過去被打由她
主被動語法、be done by ,have been done ,he was beaten by her
positive structure and negative structure ,for example 我很，我不，我曾經工作完過，我不曾工作完過
肯否定語法、i do ,i do not ,i have worked ,i have not worked .
judgedable structure ,for example :我是，我不，我不是…
是非句語法、i am ,i do not ,i am not ...etc
the questionable structure and answerable structure ,for example :誰是我，什麼是這個，什麼你做了，那一個你喜歡了，那一個是你的，那裡你的書們在，那裡曾經你在完過到，那裡曾經他去完過。
問答句語法、who am i,what is this ,what do you do ,which one do you like ,which one is yours ,where are your books ,where have you been to ,where has he gone .
the structure of imperative structure ,for example :成為一個好學生，什麼他媽的你正在想，<-(此為本文的表意需要)一個美麗的島嶼什麼。
祈使句語法、{be a good student} ,{what the hell} are you thinking ,{what a beautiful island}
the structure of adjective modification ,for example :極度地美麗，非常地美麗，（副詞＋形容詞）
形容詞修飾法、extremely beautiful ,very beautiful ,{adverb + adjective}
the structure of noun modification ,for example :藍的天，美妙的世界，危險的玩貝，（形容詞＋名詞）
名詞修飾法、blue sky ,wonderful world ,dangerous toy .{adjective + noun}
the structure of causative verb ,for example :他使你離開這裡
使役動詞連用法。he {(makes you) (get out)} of here
but in the syntax ,the subject can be a noun ,車們，麥可傑克森，這大學，一個蘋果
可是在句法中…主格可以是一個名詞、cars .. Michael Jackson ,the university ,an apple
pronoun :我，你，他，她，它，我們，你們，他們，我，你，他，她，它，我們，你們，他們。
代名詞、i ,you ,he ,she ,it ,we ,you ,they ,me ,him ,her it ,us ,you ,them .
objective possessive pronoun :我的，你的，他的，她的，它的，我們的，你們的。他們的。 受格所有代名詞、mine ,your ,his ,hers ,its ,ours ,thine ,theirs
noun clause :這男人誰我遇見過昨天是麥可傑克森，我已經遇見她當我過去是一個中學學校學生，你住在台灣那裡過去應該不告訴對其它人
名詞子句、{the man (whom i met yesterday)} is Michael Jackson ,i had met {her (when i was a junior high school student)} .{where (you live in Taiwan)} should not tell to other
adjective clause：這女孩那是一位最性感的女演員在這裡。
形容詞子句、{the girl (that is a sexiest actress)} is here
preposition clause：多數之我們在這裡，這男人在鏡子之前面是麥可傑克森，去知道敵人們是去知道我們自已，我過去能工作為了這聯邦的局之調查曾經是我最大的夢想在我的全部的人生。
介詞子句、{most (of us)} is here ... {the man (in the front of mirror)} is Michael Jackson ,{to know (our enemies)} is {to know (ourselves)} .{i could work (for the federal bureau of investigation)} has been {my biggest dream (in my entire life)} .
adverb clause：我將能談對你這裡當下是我的榮幸，我已經遇見她昨天早上，我、自已、喜歡唱歌
副詞子句。i can talk to you {here right now} is my pleasure .i had met her {yesterday morning} .i {myself} like singing .
the connective state verb：繼續做，繼續走，正在成為一個好學生現在是非常重要的，他一直忘記移動他的位置進入到正確的位置，他現在正在是傻子（他現在正在裝傻）我的電腦現在正在凍結現在<(如果你喜歡這個方式去表達狀態於你的電腦)，我感謝至今曾經有這機會去遇見麥可傑克森，他在一間酒吧(一直或正在)獨自喝酒。<-(在這個情況下，這在一間酒吧過去應該被視為像一個副詞子句，這個是這主要的原因為了這現在進行時態那個過去應該使用一個分詞，它是因為於現在進行時態那個也是這一個之型式為了狀態連動詞《狀態連動詞也被叫做動名詞或分詞》如果你試著去強調這重點於什麼你要表達)(通常，你也將能寫這句子在這個方式。《他現在正在喝酒介獨自在一間酒吧》)
狀態連動詞。{keep doing} ,{keep walking} ,{being a good student now} is very important ,he {forgets moving} his position into right position, he {is being fool} now ,my computer {is being freeze} now <- (if you like this way to express the state of your computer) , i appreciate {having had the opportunity} to meet Michael Jackson , he {is in a bar (drinking on his own)} <- (in this situation ,the in a bar should be seemed like an adverb clause ,this is the major reason for the present progressive tense that should use a participle ,it is because of the present progressive tense that is also the one of the form for the connective state verb《the connective state verb is also called gerund or participle》if you try to emphasize the point of what you want to express. ) (usually ,you can also write the sentence in this way ,《he is drinking on his own in a bar》)
the syntax also emphasize the rule of the transformation of some languages' vocabularies and preposition or particle
句法也強詞了某些語言的詞彙變化跟提示子及詞彙的使用規則：
according to English ,the English preposition is called preposition ,for example :到、對、去，跟、在，不跟、不在，由、藉，之、於，在…之中、在…裡面，介、在…之上，進入到，在…之上去，為了，從，面對，在，關於
以英語來說，英語的提示子就是介詞：to ,with ,without ,by ,of ,in ,on ,into ,onto ,for ,from ,against ,at ,about
otherwise ,there is the only one preposition that is a none transformable preposition which has been known in English ,it is the to preposition ,for example :去做，去台灣，去已經做完過，去已經被做過…other prepositions i know are all transformable prepositions ,for example :為了成為一個好學生。
另外，在英語中目前已知的介詞中除了to是一個詞彙不變化的提示子：to do ... to Taiwan ... to be ... to have done .. to have been done ..其它我所知的介詞都是變化提示子如：for being a good student .
by the way ,this table made of wood ,should not used 這個桌子造過由木頭，it should use 個桌子造過於木頭
還有，這個桌子是木頭做的。不可以用 this table made by wood ,反而要用this table made of wood .
the syntax is able to point the difference with the grammar .
句法明白的指出了其中的差別。
it should not be compared with the grammar .
不可以跟語法混為一談。
all of those describe what the differences are between the syntax and the grammar clearly.
這些都講明了，句法跟語法的差別。
you might possibly use a lot of correct english vocabularies to organize an english sentence ,but the sentence is still incorrect .
你很有可能使用了許多正確的英語詞彙來組織一個英語句子，但是句子的語法不正確。
you might possibly use a lot of correct english grammar to organize an englsih sentence ,but the vocabularies are still incorrect .
也很有可能使用了許多正確的語法組織一個英語的句子，但是使用的英語詞彙不正確。
in modern Chinese and Japanese ,the difference between the syntax and the grammar is also obvious .
在現代中國語跟日本語中，這些句法跟語法上的差別也很明顯。
語法和句法 are two different kinds of linguistic science .
grammar and syntax 是兩種差異非常大的語言學科學。
in modern advance programme language ,programming a programme for computer will not be restricted by your mother language ,it is because of the programme language that uses the extraordinarily restricted but understandable syntax for programming ,it makes computer and compiler be able to understand how the programme will be preformed ,it also uses some grammatically limited grammars to express the meaning of programme that is able to be read and be understood by other ,the QBASIC is the best and a classical example to evaluate for a classic implementation of the syntax .
現今高階電腦的語言…不會因為你的母語非英語而無法寫作程式，這是因為電腦的語言使用了嚴格且明白的句法來限制程式的寫作，讓電腦跟編譯器能夠理解程式的功能，並使用了有限的語法來表達意義，使得程式設計師得以閱讀他人寫作的程式。QBASIC就是一個非常典型的實例。
this is my personal opinion .
這是本人的拙見
--114.36.176.183 (留言)