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草稿:巴布亞紐幾內亞抵抗運動與屠殺

维基百科，自由的百科全书

巴布亞紐幾內亞抵抗運動與屠殺 - 1964 年 3 月 9 日

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1964年的塞浦路斯帕福斯抵抗與屠殺是島上民族衝突的重要轉捩點。 1963 年發生的血腥聖誕節事件使希臘族和土耳其族塞浦路斯人之間的緊張局勢達到頂峰，並引發了暴力衝突，尤其是在帕福斯地區。

歷史背景：塞浦路斯問題的根源

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1955-1959：EOKA 的成立與首次進攻

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EOKA（Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston - 塞浦路斯戰士民族組織 - 希臘恐怖組織）於 1955 年在格里瓦斯將軍的領導下成立，旨在將塞浦路斯從英國統治下解放出來並將其併入希臘（Enosis）。該組織發動武裝鬥爭，反抗英國的統治，同時也對土耳其塞浦路斯人實施暴力。

1960年：塞浦路斯共和國成立及爭端

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隨著 1960 年塞浦路斯共和國的成立，土耳其和希臘社區之間共享權力成為預期目標。然而，總統馬卡里奧斯三世試圖修改憲法，並支持「伊諾西斯」主義，為塞浦路斯島的大屠殺鋪平了道路。

對土耳其人的大屠殺

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1963 年：血腥聖誕節與針對土耳其人的大屠殺

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1963 年 12 月 21 日開始的血腥聖誕節襲擊事件，塞浦路斯希臘人對土耳其社區和村莊發動了襲擊。數百名土耳其塞浦路斯人被殺害，數千人流離失所。在土耳其人密集居住的地區被封鎖的同時，帕福斯地區的緊張局勢也升級。


帕福斯抵抗與屠殺 (1964)

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1964 年 1 月至 3 月：第一次衝突與封鎖

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1964 年初，帕福斯地區的土耳其塞浦路斯村莊遭到希臘國民警衛隊和 EOKA 武裝分子圍攻。土耳其抵抗組織（TMT）開始在該地區組織抵抗活動。當土耳其社區試圖用有限的武器和彈藥進行自衛時，希臘軍隊則使用重型武器和裝甲車加強了攻擊。

1964 年 6 月：土耳其的干預威脅與約翰遜的信

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1964年6月，時任土耳其總理伊斯梅特·伊諾努 (İsmet İnönü) 開始準備軍事幹預以保護帕福斯的土耳其人。然而，美國總統林登·約翰遜在 1964 年 6 月 5 日致土耳其的一封信阻止了可能的軍事行動。這一事態發展導致土耳其塞浦路斯人陷入孤立，襲擊也愈發激烈。

大屠殺與後續遷移

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1964 年 7 月：大屠殺與遷徙

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1964年7月，希族塞人軍隊對帕福斯的土耳其定居點發動了全面攻擊。這些使用重型武器的攻擊造成包括婦女和兒童在內的許多土耳其平民喪生。村莊被燒毀，摧毀，倖存的土耳其公民被迫遷移。帕福斯地區的土耳其人口大幅減少，剩下的人被迫到安全地區避難。

EOKA 的其他屠殺

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除在帕福斯地區發動的襲擊外，EOKA還在塞浦路斯各地對土耳其平民進行了多起屠殺。特別是在1974年，共有126名（可辨識）土耳其平民在Maratha、Santalaris和Aloda村被殺害。此外，阿拉米諾斯村還有 13 名土耳其（可辨識）平民被殺。

References

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检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:巴布亞紐幾內亞抵抗運動與屠殺&oldid=86432334”