非法特工

在間諜術語中，非法特工（英語：illegal agent，亦稱為「深層掩護特工」、「滲透特工」、「臥底間諜」或「鼴鼠」）是指未使用其母國官方身份或外交保護，而以虛構身份長期隱蔽滲透至目標國家或組織的間諜。這類特工通常在尚未取得機密情報權限之前即被招募，並逐步進入目標機構內部。^[1] 在大眾語境中，「非法特工」一詞也常泛指在政府或私人組織內部長期秘密活動的線人或間諜。^[1] 在警方工作中，非法特工的角色類似於臥底執法人員，進入犯罪組織以蒐集證據，最終將不法分子繩之以法。

「非法特工」這一概念雖由來已久，但在公眾中廣為人知，則是因英國間諜小說家約翰·勒卡雷於1974年出版的小說《鍋匠，裁縫，士兵，間諜》中介紹了「鼴鼠」一詞。^[2]^[3] 該詞自此進入主流語彙，但其實際起源尚不明確，^[4] 也難以確定在此之前各情報機構是否廣泛使用。勒卡雷（前英國情報官員）表示，「鼴鼠」一詞實際上來自蘇聯情報機構KGB的術語，^[1] 而西方情報機構則更常使用「非法特工」或「臥底特工」等術語。^[5] 儘管「鼴鼠」一詞曾出現在法蘭西斯·培根爵士1626年所著的《亨利七世統治史》中，^[4]^[1] 勒卡雷表示他並非從該書中取得靈感。

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Green, Jonathon. Cassell's Dictionary of Slang: A Major New Edition of the Market-Leading Dictionary of Slang 2nd, revised. New York City, New York, USA: Sterling Publishing. March 28, 2006: 953 [August 26, 2012]. ISBN 9780304366361. OCLC 62890128.
^ Carlisle, Rodney P. Complete Idiot's Guide to Spies and Espionage illustrated. Indianapolis, Indiana, USA: Alpha Books. April 1, 2003: 142 [August 26, 2012]. ISBN 9780028644189. OCLC 52090218.
^ Shapiro, Fred R. The Yale Book of Quotations illustrated. New Haven, Connecticut, USA: Yale University Press. Oct 30, 2006: 448 [August 26, 2012]. ISBN 9780300107982. OCLC 66527213. According to the Oxford English Dictionary "it is generally thought that the world of espionage adopted [the term mole] from Le Carré, rather than vice versa.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Smith, W. Thomas. Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency. Manhattan, New York City, USA: Infobase Publishing. 2003: 171. ISBN 9781438130187. OCLC 586163250.
^ Le Carré, John; Bruccoli, Matthew J; Baughman, Judith. Conversations with John le Carré illustrated. Jackson, Mississippi, USA: University Press of Mississippi. 2004: 33–34 [August 26, 2012]. ISBN 9781578066698. OCLC 55019020. interview with Le Carré in Melvyn Bragg The Listener, January 22, 1976 BBC1, (reprint)

延伸閱讀

Staff. Why Do We Say It?: the stories behind the words, expressions and cliches we use reissue. Secaucus, New Jersey, USA: Castle Books. November 29, 2009 [August 26, 2012]. ISBN 9781555210106. OCLC 237155763.

參見

这是一篇小作品。您可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。

[Green-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Green, Jonathon. Cassell's Dictionary of Slang: A Major New Edition of the Market-Leading Dictionary of Slang 2nd, revised. New York City, New York, USA: Sterling Publishing. March 28, 2006: 953 [August 26, 2012]. ISBN 9780304366361. OCLC 62890128.

[Carlisle-2] Carlisle, Rodney P. Complete Idiot's Guide to Spies and Espionage illustrated. Indianapolis, Indiana, USA: Alpha Books. April 1, 2003: 142 [August 26, 2012]. ISBN 9780028644189. OCLC 52090218.

[Shapiro-3] Shapiro, Fred R. The Yale Book of Quotations illustrated. New Haven, Connecticut, USA: Yale University Press. Oct 30, 2006: 448 [August 26, 2012]. ISBN 9780300107982. OCLC 66527213. According to the Oxford English Dictionary "it is generally thought that the world of espionage adopted [the term mole] from Le Carré, rather than vice versa.

[Smith-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Smith, W. Thomas. Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency. Manhattan, New York City, USA: Infobase Publishing. 2003: 171. ISBN 9781438130187. OCLC 586163250.

[Bruccoli2-5] Le Carré, John; Bruccoli, Matthew J; Baughman, Judith. Conversations with John le Carré illustrated. Jackson, Mississippi, USA: University Press of Mississippi. 2004: 33–34 [August 26, 2012]. ISBN 9781578066698. OCLC 55019020. interview with Le Carré in Melvyn Bragg The Listener, January 22, 1976 BBC1, (reprint)

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