脂联素

脂联素
已知的結構
PDB	直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表
	4DOU
識別號
别名	ADIPOQ；, ACDC, ACRP30, ADIPQTL1, ADPN, APM-1, APM1, GBP28, adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing, Adiponectin
外部ID	OMIM：605441 MGI：106675 HomoloGene：3525 GeneCards：ADIPOQ
基因位置（人类）
染色体	3號染色體
终止	186,858,463 bp
基因位置（小鼠）
染色体	小鼠16号染色体
终止	22,976,778 bp
RNA表达模式
	查阅更多表达数据
基因本體
分子功能	• hormone activity; • signaling receptor binding; • 細胞因子活性; • sialic acid binding; • protein homodimerization activity; • 血浆蛋白结合; • 相同蛋白质结合; • extracellular matrix structural constituent;
細胞組分	• cell surface; • 内质网; • 膠原蛋白; • 細胞外空間; • 細胞外區域; • 大分子复合体; • collagen-containing extracellular matrix;
生物學過程	• positive regulation of glucose import; • positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; • negative regulation of receptor binding; • low-density lipoprotein particle clearance; • negative regulation of blood pressure; • negative regulation of macrophage differentiation; • negative regulation of synaptic transmission; • generation of precursor metabolites and energy; • cellular response to epinephrine stimulus; • negative regulation of gluconeogenesis; • regulation of glucose metabolic process; • 昼夜节律; • fatty acid oxidation; • positive regulation of interleukin-8 production; • glucose metabolic process; • protein heterotrimerization; • negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion; • response to ethanol; • negative regulation of inflammatory response; • cellular response to cAMP; • positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling; • negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of signal transduction; • positive regulation of protein metabolic process; • negative regulation of fat cell differentiation; • response to linoleic acid; • detection of oxidative stress; • glucose homeostasis; • adiponectin-activated signaling pathway; • response to tumor necrosis factor; • positive regulation of blood pressure; • response to nutrient levels; • positive regulation of cholesterol efflux; • negative regulation of MAP kinase activity; • cellular response to insulin stimulus; • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; • fatty acid beta-oxidation; • 腫瘤壞死因子產生的負調控; • protein localization to plasma membrane; • negative regulation of hormone secretion; • protein homooligomerization; • response to sucrose; • positive regulation of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development; • positive regulation of renal albumin absorption; • negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation; • response to nutrient; • negative regulation of protein autophosphorylation; • negative regulation of intracellular protein transport; • membrane depolarization; • response to glucose; • positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process; • negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; • negative regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration; • negative regulation of cell migration; • positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process; • brown fat cell differentiation; • positive regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity; • positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity; • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process; • positive regulation of protein kinase activity; • response to hypoxia; • negative regulation of phagocytosis; • membrane hyperpolarization; • negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway; • positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production; • response to glucocorticoid; • response to activity; • negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway; • positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; • negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; • negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation; • regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process; • regulation of signaling receptor activity; • negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation; • negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration; • response to bacterium; • positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis; • negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis; • 訊息傳遞;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	9370
	11450
	ENSG00000181092
	ENSMUSG00000022878
	Q15848
	Q60994
	NM_001177800; NM_004797
	NM_009605
	NP_001171271; NP_004788
	NP_033735
	維基數據
檢視/編輯人類	檢視/編輯小鼠

脂连蛋白（英語：adiponectin，亦称为脂联素）是一种主要由脂肪细胞分泌的蛋白质激素，由ADIPOQ基因所编码^[5]，含244个氨基酸。成人体内的脂联素水平与脂肪储量负相关^{[來源請求]}。

结构[编辑]

脂联素包含244个氨基酸，可分为4个结构域。从其N端起算，第一个是使其定位于细胞外的信号序列，第二个区域较短且在物种间高度变异，第三个65个氨基酸的区域与膠原蛋白相似，最后一个是脂联素的球状结构域。总的上看，这一蛋白与补体片段C1q（英语：C1q）相似。其中球状结构域的三维结构已经测定，结构上与TNFα非常相似，但在氨基酸序列上却差异巨大^[6]。

受体[编辑]

脂联素可与几种受体结合，两种受体与G蛋白偶联受体有同源性，一种属于钙粘蛋白家族^[7]^[8]：

脂联素受体1 – ADIPOR1
脂联素受体2 – ADIPOR2
T-cadherin - CDH13（英语：T-cadherin）

这些受体影响下游靶标AMP激酶（英语：AMP-activated protein kinase）,这是一个重要的细胞代谢率控制点。受体的表达与胰岛素水平相关，并且在糖尿病小鼠模型中降低，特别是在骨骼肌和脂肪组织中^[9]^[10]。

参考文献[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000181092 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022878 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Maeda K, Okubo K, Shimomura I, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y, Matsubara K. cDNA cloning and expression of a novel adipose specific collagen-like factor, apM1 (AdiPose Most abundant Gene transcript 1). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. April 1996, 221 (2): 286–9. PMID 8619847. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.0587.
^ Shapiro L, Scherer PE. The crystal structure of a complement-1q family protein suggests an evolutionary link to tumor necrosis factor. Curr. Biol. March 1998, 8 (6): 335–8. PMID 9512423. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70133-2.
^ Yamauchi, T; Kamon, J; Ito, Y; Tsuchida, A; Yokomizo, T; Kita, S; et al. Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects. Nature. 2003, 423 (6941): 762–9. PMID 12802337. doi:10.1038/nature01705. 已忽略未知参数|author-name-separator= (帮助); 已忽略未知参数|author-separator= (帮助)
^ Hug, C; Wang, J; Ahmad, NS; Bogan, JS; Tsao, TS; Lodish, HF. T-cadherin is a receptor for hexameric and high-molecular-weight forms of Acrp30/adiponectin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004, 101 (28): 10308–13. PMC 478568 . PMID 15210937. doi:10.1073/pnas.0403382101. 已忽略未知参数|author-name-separator= (帮助); 已忽略未知参数|author-separator= (帮助)
^ Fang X, Sweeney G. Mechanisms regulating energy metabolism by adiponectin in obesity and diabetes. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2006, 34 (Pt 5): 798–801. PMID 17052201. doi:10.1042/BST0340798.
^ Bonnard C, Durand A, Vidal H, Rieusset J. Changes in adiponectin, its receptors and AMPK activity in tissues of diet-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes Metab. 2008, 34 (1): 52–61. PMID 18222103. doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2007.09.006.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000181092 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022878 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid8619847-5] Maeda K, Okubo K, Shimomura I, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y, Matsubara K. cDNA cloning and expression of a novel adipose specific collagen-like factor, apM1 (AdiPose Most abundant Gene transcript 1). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. April 1996, 221 (2): 286–9. PMID 8619847. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.0587.

[pmid9512423-6] Shapiro L, Scherer PE. The crystal structure of a complement-1q family protein suggests an evolutionary link to tumor necrosis factor. Curr. Biol. March 1998, 8 (6): 335–8. PMID 9512423. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70133-2.

[pmid12802337-7] Yamauchi, T; Kamon, J; Ito, Y; Tsuchida, A; Yokomizo, T; Kita, S; et al. Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects. Nature. 2003, 423 (6941): 762–9. PMID 12802337. doi:10.1038/nature01705. 已忽略未知参数|author-name-separator= (帮助); 已忽略未知参数|author-separator= (帮助)

[pmid15210937-8] Hug, C; Wang, J; Ahmad, NS; Bogan, JS; Tsao, TS; Lodish, HF. T-cadherin is a receptor for hexameric and high-molecular-weight forms of Acrp30/adiponectin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004, 101 (28): 10308–13. PMC 478568 . PMID 15210937. doi:10.1073/pnas.0403382101. 已忽略未知参数|author-name-separator= (帮助); 已忽略未知参数|author-separator= (帮助)

[pmid17052201-9] Fang X, Sweeney G. Mechanisms regulating energy metabolism by adiponectin in obesity and diabetes. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2006, 34 (Pt 5): 798–801. PMID 17052201. doi:10.1042/BST0340798.

[pmid18222103-10] Bonnard C, Durand A, Vidal H, Rieusset J. Changes in adiponectin, its receptors and AMPK activity in tissues of diet-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes Metab. 2008, 34 (1): 52–61. PMID 18222103. doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2007.09.006.

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