泪滴形红细胞
外观

泪滴形红细胞(英語:dacrocyte)是一种呈泪滴状或手镜状的异形红细胞[1],具有尖锐的末端[2]。泪滴形红细胞的显著增多(通常指占总红细胞的10%或更多[3])被称为泪滴形红细胞增多症(英語:dacrocytosis),主要见于骨髓纤维化[1],或其它伴有骨髓纤维化的疾病如晚期骨髓增生异常综合征、某些特殊类型的急性白血病,以及转移癌引起的骨髓痨。较为少见的病因包括:放射治疗后骨髓纤维化、毒素暴露、自身免疫性疾病、代谢异常、先天性溶血性贫血、缺铁性贫血或β地中海贫血等。[4]
泪滴形红细胞需要与制作外周血涂片时引入的红细胞变形相鉴别,后者的末端均指向视野中一个方向,而泪滴形红细胞末端的指向是任意的。[5]
病因学
[编辑]目前,存在以下几种理论解释泪滴形红细胞的形成机制:
- 脾脏"挖除"作用:含有包涵体的红细胞经过脾脏时,脾脏会通过"挖除"作用(pitting)清除这些包涵体[6]。在此过程中,红细胞可能被过度拉伸而无法恢复原有形态[7]。
- 微循环受阻:当携带大型包涵体的红细胞无法通过微循环时,含有包涵体的部分会被挤压,导致红细胞形成带有尾端的异常形态[8]。
- 骨髓浸润挤压:在骨髓纤维化情况下,由于异常细胞浸润骨髓,红细胞在通过纤维化的骨髓组织时被机械性挤压,从而形成泪滴样变形[9]。
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 万学红,卢雪峰主编. 临床血液学检测. 诊断学 10th. 人民卫生出版社. 2024-07: 236. ISBN 978-7-117-36363-1 (中文).
- ^ Teardrop cells or Dacrocytes. imagebank.hematology.org. [2025-03-11].
- ^ Bandaru, Sai Samyuktha; Killeen, Robert B.; Gupta, Vikas, Poikilocytosis, StatPearls Publishing, 2025 [2025-03-11], PMID 32965812
- ^ Gütgemann, Ines; Heimpel, Hermann; Nebe, Carl Thomas. Significance of teardrop cells in peripheral blood smears. LaboratoriumsMedizin. 15 January 2014, 37 (5). S2CID 71036484. doi:10.1515/labmed-2014-0005
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- ^ Gütgemann, Ines; Heimpel, Hermann; Nebe, Carl Thomas. Significance of teardrop cells in peripheral blood smears. LaboratoriumsMedizin. 2014-03-15, 38 (s1). ISSN 1439-0477. doi:10.1515/labmed-2014-0005 (英语).
- ^ 齐淑玲; 杨崇礼; 胡文伟; 苏月来; 胡小莉; 王景明. 红细胞系统的病理变化——几种血液病患者骨髓细胞的电镜观察. 中华血液学杂志. 1982-12-30, 03 (06). ISSN 0253-2727. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.1982.06.114 –通过中华医学期刊全文数据库 (中文).
- ^ Teardrop Cells (Dacrocytes). LabCE. MediaLab. [11 January 2020].
Teardrop cells (Dacrocytes) are thought to form as a result of the removal of an inclusion from the cell as it moves through the spleen. This process is referred to as pitting. Since red cells are quite flexible and usually return to their normal shape following pitting, it has been theorized that in this case the membrane may have been stretched too far and thus cannot return to its original shape.
- ^ Kathy W Jones. Chapter 5: Evaluation of Cell Morphology and Introduction to Platelet and White Blood Cell Morphology. Harmening, Denise (编). Clinical hematology and fundamentals of hemostasis 5th. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company. 2009: 107–108. ISBN 9780803617322. S2CID 18903985.
- ^ Le, Tao; Bhushnan, Vikas; Sochat, Matthew; Chavda, Yash; Zureick, Andrew. First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2018, 28th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education. 2017: 404. ISBN 978-1-260-11613-7.