无主龙属
无主龙属![]() 化石时期:晚白垩世,
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科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 蜥形纲 Sauropsida |
总目: | 恐龍總目 Dinosauria |
目: | 蜥臀目 Saurischia |
亚目: | †蜥脚形亚目 Sauropodomorpha |
下目: | †蜥腳下目 Sauropoda |
演化支: | †梁龙形类 Diplodocimorpha |
科: | †雷巴齐斯龙科 Rebbachisauridae |
属: | †无主龙属 Astigmasaura Bellardini et al., 2025 |
模式種 | |
†曲膝无主龙 Astigmasaura genuflexa Bellardini et al., 2025
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无主龙属(学名:Astigmasaura)是种已灭绝的雷巴齐斯龙科蜥脚类恐龙,化石发现于阿根廷晚白垩世乌因库尔组。属下包括单一物种曲膝无主龙(Astigmasaura genuflexa),所知于一副关节连接的不完整骨骼。
发现与命名
[编辑]正模标本MAU-Pv-EO-629于2017年从阿根廷内乌肯省东北部一座YPF油田(埃尔奥里亚诺地)附近的下乌因库尔组露头中发现。该标本虽不完整但全身关节连接,由20节尾椎、19个脉弓、大部分骨盆(一对坐骨、一对耻骨及右髂骨下段)、一对股骨、一对胫骨、一对腓骨、一对距骨、双脚全部跖骨(左右各五块)、四块右趾骨近端、五块左趾骨近端和两只脚爪组成[1]。
上述遗骸由弗拉维奥·贝拉蒂尼(Flavio Bellardini)等人于2024年首次描述,并鉴定为一种分类不明的原始雷巴齐斯龙科。鉴于标本清修当时尚在进行,作者既没有为这些骨骼建立新属,也没有将其归入任何已知分类单元[2]。
2025年,贝拉蒂尼等人将上述化石遗骸描述为雷巴齐斯龙科新属新种曲膝无主龙(Astigmasaura genuflexa)。属名Astigmasaura由拉丁语astigma(意为“无标记的”)及古希腊语σαῦρος(sauros,意为“蜥蜴”)的阳性变位“saura”组成,这里指模式产地埃尔奥里亚诺(El Orejano),该地名在西班牙语中意即无主或无标记的牲畜,因为当地农民会在自家牲畜的耳朵上作记号。种小名genuflexa由拉丁语genu(意为“膝盖”)和flecto(意为“弯曲”)组成,这里指正模标本的两条后肢均呈向后弯曲的姿势[1]。
分类
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2025年的系统发育分析中,贝拉蒂尼等人在将本属恢复为雷巴齐斯龙科成员并充当伊塔佩瓦龙与星脉龙组成的进化支的姐妹群。结果如以下分支图所示[1]:
梁龙超科 Diplodocoidea |
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古环境
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无主龙发现于乌因库尔组下段,时间为晚白垩世森诺曼期。该地层还发现过许多其它雷巴齐斯龙科(鹫龙、阿根廷科技龙、星脉龙)。这一多样性表明雷巴齐斯龙科是白垩纪中叶动物群更替的重要部分[1][3]。
该地层还有不少其它恐龙被命名。蜥脚类包括泰坦巨龙类的阿根廷龙、巴斯汀格里巨龙、乔冈龙和坚毅龙[4]。兽脚类也很繁多,包括鲨齿龙科(马普龙、米拉西斯龙和牛猎龙[5])、一种大盗龙类(南盗龙、阿贝力龙科(蝎猎龙、雷霆龙和肌肉龙、一种疑似的西北阿根廷龙科(乌因库尔龙[6])、一种近鸟类(斑盗龙)及一种名为瓜利乔龙的奇异鸟兽脚类[7][8]。薄板类的原驼龙是该地层唯一获名的鸟臀目恐龙[9]。此外还出土了未命名的半鸟科及禽龙类[10]。乌因库尔组发现的非恐龙生物包括喙头目的海蛇神蜥和巴塔哥楔齿蜥、各种鳄形类、龟鳖目、蜥蜴及鱼类。植物遗骸则有松柏门(南洋杉科与柏科)、苏铁目及早期被子植物的树干[11]。
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Bellardini, Flavio; Filippi, Leonardo S.; Carballido, Jose L.; Garrido, Alberto C.; Baiano, Mattia A. Side by side with titans: a new rebbachisaurid dinosaur from the Huincul Formation (upper Cenomanian) of Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research. 2025-06-13, (in press). 106188. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106188.
- ^ Bellardini, Flavio; Filippi, Leonardo S.; Carballido, José L.; Garrido, Alberto C.; Baiano, Mattia A. Exploring rebbachisaurid hind-limb anatomy on the basis of a new articulated specimen from the Huincul Formation (upper Cenomanian) of Neuquén Basin, Patagonia, Argentina. Historical Biology. 2024-10-24, 36 (12): 2587–2603. Bibcode:2024HBio...36.2587B. ISSN 0891-2963. doi:10.1080/08912963.2023.2268638 (英语).
- ^ Simón, M. E.; Salgado, L. New rebbachisaurid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Huincul Formation (upper Cenomanian-Turonian) of Villa El Chocón (Neuquén Province, Argentina). Cretaceous Research. 2025, 173. 106137. Bibcode:2025CrRes.17306137S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106137.
- ^ Simón, M. E.; Salgado, L. A new gigantic titanosaurian sauropod from the early Late Cretaceous of Patagonia (Neuquén Province, Argentina). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2023. doi:10.4202/app.01086.2023
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- ^ Canale, Juan I.; Apesteguía, Sebastián; Gallina, Pablo A.; Mitchell, Jonathan; Smith, Nathan D.; Cullen, Thomas M.; Shinya, Akiko; Haluza, Alejandro; Gianechini, Federico A.; Makovicky, Peter J. New giant carnivorous dinosaur reveals convergent evolutionary trends in theropod arm reduction. Current Biology. July 2022, 32 (14): 3195–3202.e5. Bibcode:2022CBio...32E3195C. PMID 35803271. S2CID 250343124. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.057
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- ^ Baiano, Mattia A.; Coria, Rodolfo A.; Cau, Andrea. A new abelisauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Huincul Formation (lower Upper Cretaceous, Neuquén Basin) of Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research. June 2020, 110: 104408. Bibcode:2020CrRes.11004408B. S2CID 214118853. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104408.
- ^ Cerroni, M.A.; Motta, M.J.; Agnolín, F.L.; Aranciaga Rolando, A.M.; Brissón Egli, F.; Novas, F.E. A new abelisaurid from the Huincul Formation (Cenomanian-Turonian; Upper Cretaceous) of Río Negro province, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 2020, 98: 102445. Bibcode:2020JSAES..9802445C. S2CID 213781725. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2019.102445.
- ^ Matías J. Motta; Federico L. Agnolín; Federico Brissón Egli; Fernando E. Novas. New theropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia sheds light on the paravian radiation in Gondwana. The Science of Nature. 2020, 107 (3): Article number 24. Bibcode:2020SciNa.107...24M. PMID 32468191. S2CID 218913199. doi:10.1007/s00114-020-01682-1. hdl:11336/135530
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- ^ Alvarez-Nogueira, Rodrigo; Rozadilla, Sebastián; Agnolín, Federico L.; Garcia Marsà, Jordi A.; Motta, Matias J.; Novas, Fernando E. A new ornithopod from the Upper Cretaceous (Huincul Formation) of Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Implications on elasmarian postcranial anatomy. Cretaceous Research. 2024-03-11, 159 (In press): 105874. Bibcode:2024CrRes.15905874N. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105874.
- ^ Agnolin, Federico L.; Gonzalez Riga, Bernardo J.; Aranciaga Rolando, Alexis M.; Rozadilla, Sebastián; Motta, Matías J.; Chimento, Nicolás R.; Novas, Fernando E. A new giant titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research. 2023-02-02, 146: 105487. Bibcode:2023CrRes.14605487A. ISSN 0195-6671. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105487 (英语).
- ^ Gentil, Adriel R.; Agnolin, Federico L.; Garcia Marsà, Jordi A.; Motta, Matias J.; Novas, Fernando E. Bridging the gap: Sphenodont remains from the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Patagonia. Palaeobiological inferences. Cretaceous Research. June 2019, 98: 72–83. Bibcode:2019CrRes..98...72G. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.01.016 (英语).