已知最近的黑洞列表
外观
人們認為大多數黑洞都是孤立的,但聯星或更大的恆星系中的黑洞更容易被探測到[1]。孤立的黑洞通常只能通過量測來自更遠物體的光被引力扭曲來檢測。截至2022年2月,只有一個孤立黑洞被證實:OGLE-2011-BLG-0462,距離約5,200光年[2]。
已知最近的黑洞是由卡里姆·埃爾·巴德里(英語:Kareem El Badry)領導的團隊於2022年9月發現的蓋亞BH1。它位於星座蛇夫座,與地球的距離為1,560 光年[3]。
相較之下,離太陽最近的恆星(毗鄰星),距離地球大約是,而銀河系的直徑約為100,000光年。 4.24 light-years
列表
[编辑]距離 | 系統 | 組成部分 | 註解和其他參考文獻 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(ly) | (kpc) | 名稱 | 描述 | 赤經[4] (曆元 J2000.0) |
赤緯[4] (曆元 J2000.0) |
發現 日期[5] |
名稱 | 恆星 分類 |
質量 (M☉) | |
±10 1,560 | ±0.005 0.478 | 蓋亞BH1 (TIC 125470397) | 聯星系統的軌道週期 t=185.63日,和離心率 e=0.45[3] | 17h 28m 41.09s | -00° 34′ 51.93″ | 2022年 | A | BH | 9.78 | [3] |
B | G | 0.93 | ||||||||
±30 1,840 | ±0.0058 0.5906 | 蓋亞BH3 (Gaia DR3 4318465066420528000) | 聯星系統的軌道週期 t=11.6年,和離心率 e=0.7291 | 19h 39m 18.72s | +14° 55′ 54.2″ | 2024年 | A | BH | ±0.82 32.70 | [6] |
B | G | ±0.05 0.76 | ||||||||
±80 3,800 | ±0.02 1.16 | 蓋亞BH2 (Gaia DR3 5870569352746779008) | 聯星系統的軌道週期 t=1276.7 d,和離心率 e=0.518 | 13h 50m 16.728s | -59° 14′ 20.42″ | 2023 | A | BH | 8.93 | [7][8] |
B | K III | 1.07 | ||||||||
+2,700 −2,000 3,800 |
+0.82 −0.63 1.18 |
Gaia18ajz | 微引力透鏡探測到的孤立黑洞候選者[9] | 18h 30m 14.460s | -08° 13′ 12.756″ | 2024 | BH | +14.9 −5.4 12.0 |
顯示了最可能的解決方案參數。 另一種解的質量為5.6 MSol。 | |
±800 4,700 | ±0.25 1.44 | A0620-00 (V616 Mon) | 聯星系統的軌道週期為 t=7.75 h | 06h 22m 44.503s[10] | -00° 20′ 44.72″[10] | 1986 | A | BH | ±1.9 11.0 | 低質量X射線聯星 |
B | K[11] | ±0.3 0.5 | ||||||||
±590 5,150 | ±0.18 1.58 | MOA-2011-BLG-191 or OGLE-2011-BLG-0462 | 微引力透鏡探測到的孤立黑洞[2] | 17h 51m 40.2082s | -29° 53′ 26.50″ | 2022 | BH | ±1.3 7.1 | 首次通過微引力透鏡探測確認的黑洞 | |
+6,900 −1,900 5,400 |
±1.4 1.7 | GRS 1124-683(蒼蠅座GU) | 聯星系統的軌道週期為 t=10.38 h | 11h 26m 26.60s | -68° 40′ 32.3″ | 1991 Jan 20 | A | BH | ±1.1 6.95 | |
B | K | ±0.3 0.9 | ||||||||
±300 5,720 | ±0.1 1.7 | XTE J1118+480 | 11h 18m 11s | 48° 02′ 13″ | 2000 | A | BH | 6–6.5 | ||
B | M | 0.2 | ||||||||
±200 7,300 | ±0.08 2.25 | 天鵝座X-1(Cyg X-1) | 聯星系統的軌道週期為 t=5.6 d | 19h 58m 21.676s[12] | +35° 12′ 05.78″[12] | 1971 四月–五月 | Cyg X-1 | BH | ±1 15 | 第一個被廣泛認為是黑洞的X射線源。 |
HDE 226868 | O[13] | ±10 30 | ||||||||
±460 7,800 | ±0.14 2.39 | V404 Cygni | 聯星系統的軌道週期為 t=6.5日 | 20h 24m 03.83s[14] | +33° 52′ 02.2″[14] | 1989年5月22日 | A | BH | 9 | 第一個對其與太陽系的距離進行精確視差量測的黑洞 |
B | K[4] | 0.7 | 早期K巨星 | |||||||
±1,000 8,100 | ±0.30 2.49 | GRO J0422+32 | 聯星系統的軌道週期為 t=5.09 h | 04h 21m 42.723s | +32° 54′ 26.94″ | 1992年8月5日 | A | BH | ±0.95 3.97 | |
B | M1 | ±0.1 0.5 | ||||||||
8,150 | 2.5 | MACHO-96-BLG-5 | 通過微引力透鏡探測到的候選孤立黑洞[15] | 18h 05m 2.50s | -27° 42′ 17″ | 2001年 | BH | +1.14 −0.96 5.30 |
非常强的候選者,列出的參數最適合 | |
±2,300 8,800 | ±0.7 2.7 | GS 2000+25 | 20h 02m 50s | +25° 14′ 11″ | 1988年 | A | BH | 7.5 | ||
B | M | 0.5 | ||||||||
+6,330 −5,450 9,260 |
+1.94 −1.67 2.84 |
Gaia18cbf | 通過微引力透鏡探測到的候選孤立質量隙黑洞[16] | 16h 04m 38.862s | -41° 06′ 17.32″ | 2022年 | BH | +5.09 −1.48 2.65 |
最適合。第二個最佳擬合的質量為1.71 MSol,這將使其成為一顆中子星。 | |
±980 11,000 | ±0.3 3.4 | Swift J1727.8−1613 | 通過瞬態X射線事件檢測到[17] | 17h 27m 46.0s[17] | -16° 12′ 5.3″[17] | 2023年 | A | BH | ±0.10 3.12 | [18] |
B | K4V | <0.78 | [18] | |||||||
±700 11,100 | ±0.2 3.4 | Cygnus X-3 | 聯星系統的軌道週期為 t=4.8 h | 20h 32m 25.766s | +40° 57′ 28.26″ | 1967年 | 天鵝座X-3 | BH | +2.1 −1.1 2.4 [19] |
|
天鵝座V1521 | WN | +3.9 −2.8 10.3 [19] |
||||||||
11,400 | 3.5 | MACHO-98-BLG-6 | 通過微引力透鏡探測到的候選質量隙孤立黑洞[15] | 17h 57m 32.80s | -28° 42′ 45″ | 2001年 | BH | +0.52 −0.48 3.17 |
非常强的候選者,列出的參數最適合 | |
±3,600 11,900 | ±1.1 3.7 | GRO J1655-40 | 聯星系統的軌道週期為 t = 2.6日 | 16h 54m 00.137s | -39° 50′ 44.90″ | 1994年 | A | BH | ±0.07 5.31 | |
天蠍座V1033 | F5IV | ±0.3 1.9 | ||||||||
15,700 | 4.8 | MACHO-99-BLG-22 | 通過微引力透鏡探測到的候選孤立黑洞[20] | 18h 05m 05.28s | -28° 34′ 41.70″ | 2002年 | BH | 7.5 | 非常强大的候選者 | |
±600 25,600 | ±0.2 7.86 | 人馬座A* | 超大質量黑洞 | 17h 45m 40.0409s | −29° 0′ 28.118″ | 1974年 | BH | ± 4,154,000 14,000 | 銀河系中心 | |
±2,700 29,700 | ±0.8 9.1 | 4U 1543-475 | 聯星系統的軌道週期為 t = 26.8 h | 15h 47m 08.277s | -47° 40′ 10.28″ | 1971年 | A | BH | ±2.0 9.4 | |
B | A2V | ±1.0 2.7 |
最近的黑洞記錄保持者
[编辑]這是一系列曾被稱為最近黑洞的黑洞。
日期 | 距離 | 名稱 | 質量 | 類型 | 註解 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022— | 1,600 ly(1.5×1016 km;9.4×1015 mi) | 蓋亞BH1 | 9.62太陽質量(1.913×1031公斤;4.22×1031磅) | 具有休眠緻密質量雙星的主序星 | 發現的第一個休眠黑洞,發現了黑洞雙星系統中的第一顆類太陽恆星:首次通過可見伴星的位置偏移被探測到 | [21][22][23] |
1986—2022 | 3,000 ly(2.8×1016 km;1.8×1016 mi) | 麒麟座V616(A0620−00) | 5.86 M☉(1.165×1031公斤;2.57×1031磅) | 可見的變星,X射線聯星系統 | 首次在X射線中觀察到 | [24][25][23] |
1975—1986 | 6,070 ly(5.74×1016 km;3.57×1016 mi) | 天鵝座X-1 | 14.8 M☉(2.94×1031公斤;6.5×1031磅) | X射線聯星系統 | 第一個被發現的黑洞:1964年首次在X射線中被觀測到,1972年首次被推測為黑洞,1975年首次被證實為黑洞,1990年被接受為黑洞 | [26][27][23] |
相關條目
[编辑]參考文獻
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