右啡烷
外观
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臨床資料 | |
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其他名稱 | DXO, Dextrorphanol |
ATC碼 |
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法律規範狀態 | |
法律規範 |
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识别信息 | |
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CAS号 | 125-73-5 ![]() |
PubChem CID | |
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ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.004.323 |
化学信息 | |
化学式 | C17H23NO |
摩尔质量 | 257.38 g·mol−1 |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
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右啡烷[2][3][4](INN:dextrorphan,DXO[5][6])是吗啡喃類精神药物,具有鎮咳與止咳作用,在高剂量下则具有解离性致幻作用。
右啡烷是消旋啡烷[7][8]的右旋对映体,另一個左旋对映体則是左啡诺[9][10]。右啡烷也是右美沙芬的代谢物,由CYP2D6酶经O-脱甲基(O-demethylated)而生成;作為一种NMDA拮抗剂,右啡烷可产生右美沙芬所帶來的精神效應[11]。
藥理學
[编辑]藥效學
[编辑]位置 | Ki (nM) | 對象 | 引用 |
---|---|---|---|
NMDAR (MK-801) |
486–906 | 鼠 | [13] |
σ1 | 118–481 | 鼠 | [13] |
σ2 | 11,325–15,582 | 鼠 | [13] |
MOR | 420 >1,000 |
鼠 人 |
[13][16] |
DOR | 34,700 | 鼠 | [13] |
KOR | 5,950 | 鼠 | [13] |
SERT | 401–484 | 鼠 | [13] |
NET | ≥340 | 鼠 | [13] |
DAT | >1,000 | 鼠 | [13] |
5-HT1A | >1,000 | 鼠 | [13] |
5-HT1B/1D | 54% at 1 μM | 鼠 | [13] |
5-HT2A | >1,000 | 鼠 | [13] |
α1 | >1,000 | 鼠 | [13] |
α2 | >1,000 | 鼠 | [13] |
β | 35% at 1 μM | 鼠 | [13] |
D2 | >1,000 | 鼠 | [13] |
H1 | 95% at 1 μM | 鼠 | [13] |
mAChRs | 100% at 1 μM | 鼠 | [13] |
nAChRs | 1,300–29,600 (IC50) |
鼠 | [13] |
VDSCs | ND | ND | ND |
除非另加说明,否则以上所示数值均为Ki(nM)。数值越小,說明药物与该位点的结合力越强。 |
右啡烷的药理作用類似於右美沙芬。不过,右啡烷作为NMDA受体拮抗剂的效力要强得多,作为SRI的活性也低得多。不過右啡烷仍保留了右美沙芬作为NRIs時的活性。[17]並且其对阿片受体的亲和力也較右美沙芬强,且高剂量下更強。
药代动力学
[编辑]右啡烷的生物半衰期長於其母体化合物,因此在重复服用正常剂量的右美沙芬制剂后容易在血液中蓄积。其還會被CYP3A4进一步转化为3-羥基嗎啡喃或被葡萄醣醛酸化。[18]
研究
[编辑]右啡烷曾被开发用于治疗中风,也已进行了II期临床试验,但开发工作已经中止。[19]
參考文獻
[编辑]- ^ Bensinger, Peter. Dextrophan and Nalbuphine; Removal from Schedules (PDF). NARA. October 1, 1976 [June 26, 2023]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-06-27).
- ^ 惠俊敏,郭延垒,杨竹,等.以右美沙芬为探针测定大鼠肝微粒体中CYP2D6酶活性及动力学分析[J].中国新药与临床杂志, 2013, 32(9):5.DOI:CNKI:SUN:XYYL.0.2013-09-016.
- ^ 刘东阳,赵 芊,宗海军,沈 凯,江 骥,胡 蓓*.健康志愿者单次和多次口服美敏伪麻缓释胶囊的药动学研究[J].现代药物与临床, 2015.
- ^ W M Cai,B Chen,Y X Liu,等.Dextromethorphan metabolic phenotyping in a Chinese population[J].中国药理学报, 1997, 18(5):441-444.DOI:10.1016/S0014-2999(97)01160-6.
- ^ Silva AR, Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dextromethorphan: clinical and forensic aspects. Drug Metab Rev. 2020;52(2):258-282. doi:10.1080/03602532.2020.1758712
- ^ Nicholson KL, Hayes BA, Balster RL. Evaluation of the reinforcing properties and phencyclidine-like discriminative stimulus effects of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan in rats and rhesus monkeys. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999;146(1):49-59. doi:10.1007/s002130051087
- ^ 鲁群岷; 舒炼. 药品物流管理. 重庆大学电子音像出版社. 2019: 171. ISBN 9787562479079.
- ^ 李晓迪; 戈吉祥. 医生案头药物速查手册. 清华大学出版社. 2004: 1228. ISBN 9787302084204.
- ^ 鲁群岷; 舒炼. 药品物流管理. 重庆大学电子音像出版社. 2019: 169. ISBN 9787562479079.
- ^ 李晓迪; 戈吉祥. 医生案头药物速查手册. 清华大学出版社. 2004: 1227. ISBN 9787302084204.
- ^ Zawertailo LA, Kaplan HL, Busto UE, Tyndale RF, Sellers EM. Psychotropic effects of dextromethorphan are altered by the CYP2D6 polymorphism: a pilot study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. August 1998, 18 (4): 332–337. PMID 9690700. doi:10.1097/00004714-199808000-00014.
- ^ Roth BL, Driscol J. PDSP Ki Database. Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (PDSP). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the United States National Institute of Mental Health. [14 August 2017]. (原始内容存档于2023-01-01).
- ^ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.17 13.18 13.19 Nguyen L, Thomas KL, Lucke-Wold BP, Cavendish JZ, Crowe MS, Matsumoto RR. Dextromethorphan: An update on its utility for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacol. Ther. 2016, 159: 1–22. PMID 26826604. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.01.016.
- ^ Werling LL, Keller A, Frank JG, Nuwayhid SJ. A comparison of the binding profiles of dextromethorphan, memantine, fluoxetine and amitriptyline: treatment of involuntary emotional expression disorder. Exp. Neurol. 2007, 207 (2): 248–57. PMID 17689532. S2CID 38476281. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.06.013.
- ^ Taylor CP, Traynelis SF, Siffert J, Pope LE, Matsumoto RR. Pharmacology of dextromethorphan: Relevance to dextromethorphan/quinidine (Nuedexta®) clinical use. Pharmacol. Ther. 2016, 164: 170–82. PMID 27139517. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.04.010
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- ^ Raynor K, Kong H, Mestek A, Bye LS, Tian M, Liu J, Yu L, Reisine T. Characterization of the cloned 人 mu opioid receptor. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1995, 272 (1): 423–8. PMID 7815359.
- ^ Pechnick RN, Poland RE. Comparison of the effects of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, and levorphanol on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. May 2004, 309 (2): 515–522. PMID 14742749. S2CID 274504. doi:10.1124/jpet.103.060038.
- ^ Yu A, Haining RL. Comparative contribution to dextromethorphan metabolism by cytochrome P450 isoforms in vitro: can dextromethorphan be used as a dual probe for both CTP2D6 and CYP3A activities?. Drug Metabolism and Disposition. November 2001, 29 (11): 1514–20 [2023-10-01]. PMID 11602530. (原始内容存档于2020-03-12).
- ^ Dextrorphan - AdisInsight. [2023-10-01]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-05).