古代東北亞人

在考古人類學與古遺傳學中，古代東北亞人（英語：Ancient Northeast Asian，ANA）^[1]^[2]，又稱阿穆爾河祖源（Amur ancestry，又譯黑龍江祖源）^[3]，是距今400萬年至700萬年前的古代人類，以狩獵採集為生，生活在阿爾泰山以東，西伯利亞東部，蒙古高原，貝加爾湖地區，一直到太平洋海岸的狹長地帶。在距今2萬4千年前，他們由古代東亞人群體中分離，是古代北部東亞人（ANEA）的次群體。由阿爾泰山山區洞窟發掘的數個古代人類遺體，由其中取出的DNA，是他們群體的代表。

現今在黑龍江流域活動的漁獵採集居民，以及現在蒙古國的蒙古族人，仍然保留了他們的血統。

概論

註釋

^ Wang, Ke; Yu, He; Radzevičiūtė, Rita; Kiryushin, Yuriy F.; Tishkin, Alexey A.; Frolov, Yaroslav V.; Stepanova, Nadezhda F.; Kiryushin, Kirill Yu.; Kungurov, Artur L.; Shnaider, Svetlana V.; Tur, Svetlana S.; Tiunov, Mikhail P.; Zubova, Alisa V.; Pevzner, Maria; Karimov, Timur. Middle Holocene Siberian genomes reveal highly connected gene pools throughout North Asia. Current Biology. 6 February 2023, 33 (3): 423–433.e5. Bibcode:2023CBio...33E.423W. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 36638796. S2CID 255750546. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.062  （英语）. We find the presence of ancient Northeast Asian (ANA) ancestry—initially described in Neolithic groups from the Russian Far East ... first identified in the Russian Far East in Neolithic hunter-gatherers from Devil's Gate Cave (DevilsCave_N)
^ Jeong et al. 2020: "In this study, we analyzed six pre-Bronze Age individuals from three sites dating to the fifth and fourth millennia BCE: one from eastern Mongolia (SOU001, "eastMongolia_preBA", 4686-4495 cal. BCE), one from central Mongolia (ERM003, "centralMongolia_preBA", 3781-3643 cal. BCE), and four from the eastern Baikal region ("Fofonovo_EN"). By comparing these genomes to previously published ancient and modern data across Eurasia (Fig. 2) (see Methods and Materials), we found that they are most closely related to contemporaneous hunter-gatherers from the western Baikal region ("Baikal_EN", 5200-4200 BCE) and the Russian Far East ("DevilsCave_N", ca. 5700 BCE), filling in the geographic gap in the distribution of this genetic profile (Fig. 3a). We refer to this profile as "Ancient Northeast Asian" (ANA)"
^ Yang, Melinda A. A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia. Human Population Genetics and Genomics. 6 January 2022, 2 (1): 1–32. ISSN 2770-5005. doi:10.47248/hpgg2202010001  （英语）. Amur ancestry—ancestry associated with populations in the Amur River region, Mongolia, and Siberia, with the oldest individual sampled to date represented by a 14,000-year-old individual from the Amur River region, i.e. Amur14K [61]. Populations associated with this ancestry likely contributed to the ancestors of Native Americans and populations associated with Paleosiberian ancestry.

[1] Wang, Ke; Yu, He; Radzevičiūtė, Rita; Kiryushin, Yuriy F.; Tishkin, Alexey A.; Frolov, Yaroslav V.; Stepanova, Nadezhda F.; Kiryushin, Kirill Yu.; Kungurov, Artur L.; Shnaider, Svetlana V.; Tur, Svetlana S.; Tiunov, Mikhail P.; Zubova, Alisa V.; Pevzner, Maria; Karimov, Timur. Middle Holocene Siberian genomes reveal highly connected gene pools throughout North Asia. Current Biology. 6 February 2023, 33 (3): 423–433.e5. Bibcode:2023CBio...33E.423W. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 36638796. S2CID 255750546. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.062  （英语）. We find the presence of ancient Northeast Asian (ANA) ancestry—initially described in Neolithic groups from the Russian Far East ... first identified in the Russian Far East in Neolithic hunter-gatherers from Devil's Gate Cave (DevilsCave_N)

[2] Jeong et al. 2020: "In this study, we analyzed six pre-Bronze Age individuals from three sites dating to the fifth and fourth millennia BCE: one from eastern Mongolia (SOU001, "eastMongolia_preBA", 4686-4495 cal. BCE), one from central Mongolia (ERM003, "centralMongolia_preBA", 3781-3643 cal. BCE), and four from the eastern Baikal region ("Fofonovo_EN"). By comparing these genomes to previously published ancient and modern data across Eurasia (Fig. 2) (see Methods and Materials), we found that they are most closely related to contemporaneous hunter-gatherers from the western Baikal region ("Baikal_EN", 5200-4200 BCE) and the Russian Far East ("DevilsCave_N", ca. 5700 BCE), filling in the geographic gap in the distribution of this genetic profile (Fig. 3a). We refer to this profile as "Ancient Northeast Asian" (ANA)"

[3] Yang, Melinda A. A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia. Human Population Genetics and Genomics. 6 January 2022, 2 (1): 1–32. ISSN 2770-5005. doi:10.47248/hpgg2202010001  （英语）. Amur ancestry—ancestry associated with populations in the Amur River region, Mongolia, and Siberia, with the oldest individual sampled to date represented by a 14,000-year-old individual from the Amur River region, i.e. Amur14K [61]. Populations associated with this ancestry likely contributed to the ancestors of Native Americans and populations associated with Paleosiberian ancestry.

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