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金牛座CQ

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金牛座CQ

依據INTEGRAL OMC
的數據繪製的金牛座CQ
可見光波段光變曲線[1]
觀測資料
曆元 J2000.0
星座 金牛座
星官
赤經 05h 35m 58.467s[2]
赤緯 24° 44′ 54.09″[2]
視星等(V) 10.48[3] (8.7 to 12.25)[4]
特性
演化阶段主序前星[5]
光谱分类F5IVe[6]
B−V 色指数0.696+0.091
[3]
变星类型獵戶型變星[4]
天体测定
徑向速度 (Rv)22.60+2.7
[7] km/s
自行 (μ) 赤经:2.987 mas/yr
赤纬:−26.364 mas/yr
视差 (π)6.6946 ± 0.0600[2] mas
距离487 ± 4 ly
(149 ± 1 pc)
绝对星等 (MV)5.92[8]
詳細資料
質量1.67[9] M
半徑1.7[10] R
表面重力 (log g)4.0[8]
亮度10[9] L
溫度6,900[9] K
金属量 [Fe/H]+0.14[11] dex
自轉速度 (v sin i)105.0+5.0
[6] km/s
年齡10[9] Myr
其他命名
CQ Tau、​BD+24°873、​HD 36910、​HIP 26295、​SAO 77299、​PPM 94541[12]
參考資料庫
SIMBAD资料

金牛座CQ是位於黃道星座金牛座的一顆年輕變星[5]。它太微弱了,視星等的範圍在8.7 to 12.25[4],因此肉眼無法直接看到。基於視差測量,這顆恆星的距離大約是487光年,並以~23Km/s的徑向速度遠離太陽系[7]。它似乎是T-星協金牛4的成員[8]。金牛座CQ離黃道足夠近,因此會發生月掩星的天象[13]

這顆恆星在1948年被阿爾朱基諾夫(Artjukinov,sp?)和1949年被庫諾·霍夫邁斯特英语Cuno Hoffmeister獨立報導為一顆變星[14]。霍夫邁斯特將其歸類為類似御夫座RW英语RW Aurigae變星,亮度範圍從8.7等到10.5等[15], 使其成為該類型中最明亮的成員之一[14]G·H·赫比格在1960年發現了這顆恆星的光譜為F2[16],到1973年,它被歸類為獵戶型變星金牛T星[17]。在1968年,沃爾德瑪律·格茨英语Woldemar GötzW.溫澤爾英语List of minor planet discoverers# Wolfgang Wenzel (astronomer)發現來自系統的微弱藍光發射[18]

1973年該系統的光譜圖像在F型恆星上顯示雙發射線[19]。它被IRAS發現為紅外源,並與星雲相關聯,這使得它能夠在1994年被P. S. Thé和同事編目為赫比格Ae/Be星[20]。恆星經歷不規則的亮度降低,在其他方面類似於大陵五型變星。 它有一個不均勻的吸積盤繞行著,這是發射線的來源[21]

金牛座CQ是一顆主序前星恆星分類為F5IVe[6]。它的質量是太陽的1.67倍,輻射亮度是太陽的10倍,表面有效溫度為6,900K。這顆恆星大約有1,000萬年的歷史[9],並且以105km/s的投影旋轉速度旋轉[6]。旨在再現星周盤分佈的模擬表明,一顆距離為~20 AU,質量為6–9 MJ行星嵌入盤中,正在圍繞該恆星運行[9]。2018年的近紅外觀測顯示,圓盤中存在螺旋結構,這與軌道行星的存在一致。然而,並沒有發現任何行星[22]

原行星系統

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在2000年,甚大天線陣的觀測證明了圍繞恆星運行的大質量原行星盤的範圍,估計盤面中的灰塵質量為1.5×10−4 M[23]。量測表明,金牛座CQ周圍圓盤中的塵粒已生長到最大約一釐米大小[24],與主星相距40 AU以外的晶粒尺寸逐漸减小[25]。來自阿塔卡瑪大型毫米及次毫米波陣列的資料顯示,內盤中有一個裡面的氣體和灰塵都耗盡了的空腔[9]。孤立的、厚厚的塵埃雲隨機地遮蔽著這顆恆星[26]

在2022年,探測到原行星盤中的四個旋臂。懷疑是被一顆位於偏心傾斜軌道上,尚未發現的行星擾亂了圓盤的形狀[27]

參考資料

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  1. ^ OMC Archive. OMC Archive. The Astronomical Data Centre at CAB. [19 December 2021]. (原始内容存档于2022-11-30). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Brown, A. G. A.; et al. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2021, 649: A1. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. S2CID 227254300. arXiv:2012.01533可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657可免费查阅.  已忽略未知参数|collaboration= (帮助) (勘误: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch., XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation, Astronomy Letters, 2012, 38 (5): 331, Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A, S2CID 119257644, arXiv:1108.4971可免费查阅, doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Samus, N. N.; et al, General Catalogue of Variable Stars, Astronomy Reports, 5.1, 2017, 61 (1): 80–88, Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S, S2CID 125853869, doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Testi, L.; et al, Large grains in the disk of CQ Tau, Astronomy and Astrophysics, May 2003, 403: 323–328, Bibcode:2003A&A...403..323T, S2CID 14936233, arXiv:astro-ph/0303420可免费查阅, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030362. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Mora, A.; et al, EXPORT: Spectral classification and projected rotational velocities of Vega-type and pre-main sequence stars, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2001, 378 (1): 116–131, Bibcode:2001A&A...378..116M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011098可免费查阅. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Gontcharov, G. A., Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35495 Hipparcos stars in a common system, Astronomy Letters, November 2006, 32 (11): 759–771, Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G, S2CID 119231169, arXiv:1606.08053可免费查阅, doi:10.1134/S1063773706110065. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Alecian, E.; et al, A high-resolution spectropolarimetric survey of Herbig Ae/Be stars - I. Observations and measurements, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, February 2013, 429 (2): 1001–1026, Bibcode:2013MNRAS.429.1001A, arXiv:1211.2907可免费查阅, doi:10.1093/mnras/sts383. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Giulia Ubeira Gabellini, M.; et al, A dust and gas cavity in the disc around CQ Tau revealed by ALMA, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, July 2019, 486 (4): 4638–4654, Bibcode:2019MNRAS.486.4638U, arXiv:1905.00909可免费查阅, doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1138. 
  10. ^ Stassun, Keivan G.; et al, The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List, The Astronomical Journal, September 9, 2019, 158 (4): 138, Bibcode:2019AJ....158..138S, ISSN 0004-6256, arXiv:1905.10694可免费查阅, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab3467可免费查阅. 
  11. ^ Bochanski, John J.; et al, Fundamental Properties of Co-moving Stars Observed by Gaia, The Astronomical Journal, March 13, 2018, 155 (4): 149, Bibcode:2018AJ....155..149B, ISSN 0004-6256, S2CID 119256051, arXiv:1801.00537可免费查阅, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaaebe. 
  12. ^ CQ Tau. SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文資料中心. 
  13. ^ Cassar, L.; et al, Lunar Occultations of IRAS Point Sources, 1991--2000, Astrophysical Journal Supplement, March 1989, 69: 651, Bibcode:1989ApJS...69..651C, doi:10.1086/191323.  See table p. 658, IRAS 05328+2443.
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Ashbrook, J., HD 36910: a bright variable of the RW Aurigae type, Astronomical Journal, August 1950, 55: 148, Bibcode:1950AJ.....55..148A, doi:10.1086/106374. 
  15. ^ Hoffmeister, Cuno, Die RW Aurigae-Sterne und ihre Nebenformen, Astronomische Nachrichten, November 1949, 278: 24, Bibcode:1949AN....278...24H, doi:10.1002/asna.19492780102 (德语).  Listed as "S 3942 Tau".
  16. ^ Herbig, G. H., Spectral Classifications for 112 Variable Stars, Astrophysical Journal, May 1960, 131: 632, Bibcode:1960ApJ...131..632H, doi:10.1086/146876. 
  17. ^ Cohen, M., Infra-red observations of young stars - II. T Tauri stars and the Orion population, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1973, 161: 97, Bibcode:1973MNRAS.161...97C, doi:10.1093/mnras/161.1.97. 
  18. ^ Berdyugin, A. V.; et al, Discovery of high linear polarization at brightness minima of CQ Tau, Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, August 1990, 67: 812, Bibcode:1990AZh....67..812B. 
  19. ^ Herbig, G. H.; Bell, K. Robbin, Third Catalog of Emission-Line Stars of the Orion Population, Lick Observatory Bulletin (Santa Cruz), Jun 1988, 1111, Bibcode:1988cels.book.....H. 
  20. ^ The, P. S.; et al, A new catalogue of members and candidate members of the Herbig Ae/Be (HAEBE) stellar group, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement, April 1994, 104: 315–339, Bibcode:1994A&AS..104..315T. 
  21. ^ Kozlova, O. V.; et al, The Accretion Activity of the Ae Herbig Star CQ Tau, Astronomy Reports, January 2000, 44 (1): 36–44, Bibcode:2000ARep...44...36K, S2CID 120162969, doi:10.1134/1.163821. 
  22. ^ Uyama, Taichi; et al, Near-infrared Imaging of a Spiral in the CQ Tau Disk, The Astronomical Journal, March 2020, 159 (3): 9, Bibcode:2020AJ....159..118U, S2CID 204743781, arXiv:1910.07605可免费查阅, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab7006, 118. 
  23. ^ Testi, L.; et al, Constraints on Properties of the Protoplanetary Disks around UX Orionis and CQ Tauri, The Astrophysical Journal, June 2001, 554 (2): 1087–1094, Bibcode:2001ApJ...554.1087T, S2CID 119351472, arXiv:astro-ph/0102473可免费查阅, doi:10.1086/321406. 
  24. ^ Banzatti, A.; et al, New constraints on dust grain size and distribution in CQ Tauri, Astronomy and Astrophysics, January 2011, 525: A12, Bibcode:2011A&A...525A..12B, S2CID 43056575, arXiv:1009.2697可免费查阅, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015206, A12. 
  25. ^ Trotta, F.; et al, Constraints on the radial distribution of the dust properties in the CQ Tauri protoplanetary disk, Astronomy & Astrophysics, October 2013, 558: A64, Bibcode:2013A&A...558A..64T, S2CID 12042360, arXiv:1308.5070可免费查阅, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321896, A64. 
  26. ^ Dodin, A. V.; Suslina, E. A., Inhomogeneous dust eclipses in young stars: the case of CQ Tauri, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, June 2021, 503 (4): 5704–5714, Bibcode:2021MNRAS.503.5704D, arXiv:2102.08911可免费查阅, doi:10.1093/mnras/stab487. 
  27. ^ Hammond, Iain; Christiaens, Valentin; Price, Daniel J.; Ubeira-Gabellini, Maria Giulia; Baird, Jennifer; Calcino, Josh; Benisty, Myriam; Lodato, Giuseppe; Testi, Leonardo; Pinte, Christophe; Toci, Claudia; Fedele, Davide, External or internal companion exciting the spiral arms in CQ Tau?, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2022, 515 (4): 6109–6121, arXiv:2207.08587可免费查阅, doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2119 

進階讀物

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