2014年航太活動列表
 | |
| 軌道發射 | |
|---|---|
| 首次 | 1月5日 |
| 末次 | 12月31日 |
| 總計 | 92 |
| 成功 | 88 |
| 失敗 | 2 |
| 部分失敗 | 2 |
| 識別碼 | 90 |
| 各國的首次 | |
| 衛星 |  立陶宛  百慕達  比利時  伊拉克  烏拉圭 |
| 火箭 | |
| 處女航 | |
| 退役 | 安塔瑞斯120型、130型 |
| 載人太空飛行 | |
| 軌道飛行次數 | 4 |
| 載人太空飛行人數合計 | 12 |
| 艙外活動次數 | 7 |
2014年，共有安加拉A5、安塔瑞斯120型、130型和長三丙改進二型等運載火箭完成首飛。
2014年共嘗試了92次軌道發射，其中88次成功，兩次部分成功，兩次失敗。本年度還完成了七次國際太空站太空人艙外活動。今年大部分軌道發射是由俄羅斯、美國和中國進行的，分別進行了34次、23次和16次發射。
概述
[編輯]亞利安5ES運載火箭發射了「喬治·勒梅特」號自動運載飛船（ATV），這是該系列火箭中的最後一枚火箭，這也標誌著亞利安5的連續60次成功發射。
2014年8月22日，亞利安空間公司為歐洲衛星導航系統發射了首兩顆具有完全執行能力的伽利略衛星。
2014年行星探索領域發生了許多重大事件，包括2014年8月「羅塞塔」號太空載具進入丘留莫夫-格拉西緬科彗星軌道，以及11月「菲萊」號著陸器被部署到彗星表面，這標誌著人類首次繞彗星飛行並登陸彗星，這兩件事在社群媒體上引起了廣泛關注。此外，2013年底發射的嫦娥三號著陸器和玉兔號月球車繼續在月球開展任務，雖然玉兔號在1月25日失去移動能力，但它繼續進行了科學探測。另一個值得注意的事件是印度的火星軌道器於9月進入火星軌道，使印度成為第一個到達火星的亞洲國家。作為嫦娥五號的技術驗證任務，中國於10月發射了嫦娥五號再入返回飛行試驗器，並於11月1日成功將其返回艙回收。
載人太空飛行方面，本年度所有四次發射任務均由聯盟-FG型運載火箭和聯盟TMA-M飛船完成，即聯盟TMA-12M、聯盟TMA-13M、聯盟TMA-14M和聯盟TMA-15M；所有七次艙外活動均在國際太空站進行。
2014年12月5日，聯合發射聯盟三角洲IV重型火箭為美國國家航空暨太空總署發射了首個獵戶座太空船測試任務，即探索飛行測試1號。
軌道發射
[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容，歡迎參與翻譯。
次軌道發射
[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容，歡迎參與翻譯。
| 發射時間 (UTC) | 運載火箭 | 火箭編號 | 發射場 | 發射服務提供商 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 酬載 (⚀ = 立方星) |
載荷使用者 | 軌道 | 功能 | 再入時間 (UTC) | 結果 | ||
| 附註 | |||||||
| 3 January |  Arrow III
|
Negev
|
IAI
| ||||
| IAI / IDF | Suborbital | ABM Test | 3 January | Successful | |||
| Second flight test of the Arrow-III | |||||||
| 7 January |  Prithvi II
|
Integrated Test Range Launch Complex 3
|
DRDO
| ||||
| DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 January | Successful | |||
| Apogee: ~100公里（62英里） | |||||||
| 15 January 09:09 |
 Terrier-Orion
|
Wallops Island
|
TBD
| ||||
| DOD | Suborbital | Classified | 15 January | Successful | |||
| FTX-18 target, apogee: ~130公里（81英里）? | |||||||
| 15 January 09:09 |
Terrier-Orion
|
Wallops Island
|
TBD
| ||||
| DOD | Suborbital | Classified | 15 January | Successful | |||
| FTX-18 target, apogee: ~130公里（81英里）? | |||||||
| 15 January 09:09 |
Terrier-Orion
|
Wallops Island
|
TBD
| ||||
| DOD | Suborbital | Classified | 15 January | Successful | |||
| FTX-18 target, apogee: ~130公里（81英里）? | |||||||
| 20 January 05:22 |
Agni-IV
|
Integrated Test Range
|
DRDO
| ||||
| DRDO | Suborbital | Missile Test | 20 January | Successful | |||
| Apogee: ~850公里（530英里） | |||||||
| 3 March 11:09 |
 Black Brant IX
|
Poker Flat
|
NASA
| ||||
| GREECE
|
SwRI | Suborbital | Auroral research | 3 March | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 335公里（208英里） | |||||||
| 3 March[18] |  Hwasong-6
|
Kalma Airport
|
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
| ||||
|
|
Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 3 March | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 150公里（93英里）. | |||||||
| 4 March 18:10 |
 RS-12M Topol
|
Kapustin Yar
|
RVSN
| ||||
| RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 4 March | Successful | |||
| 24 March | K-4
|
Visakhapatnam
|
Indian Navy
| ||||
| Indian Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 24 March | Successful | |||
| First launch of the new Indian K-4 SLBM[19] | |||||||
| 26 March 13:34 |
 Taiwan Sounding Rocket
|
Sounding Rocket IX | Jiu Peng Air Base
|
NSPO
| |||
| NSPO/NCU | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 26 March | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 286 km（178 mi） | |||||||
| 26 March 22:25 |
MN-300
|
Kapustin Yar
|
Roshydromet
| ||||
| MR-30
|
Roshydromet | Suborbital | Meteorology Test flight |
26 March | Launch failure | ||
| Apogee: 300公里（190英里）, rocket failed and landed near a village in an unplanned area of western Kazakhstan. | |||||||
| 26 March[18] | Hwasong-7
|
Sunchon Airport
|
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
| ||||
|
|
Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 26 March | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 150公里（93英里）. 1 of 2. | |||||||
| 26 March[18] | Hwasong-7
|
Sunchon Airport
|
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
| ||||
|
|
Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 26 March | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 150公里（93英里）. 2 of 2. | |||||||
| 11 April 23:10 |
Agni-I
|
Integrated Test Range
|
IDRDL
| ||||
| IDRDL | Suborbital | Missile test | 11 April | Successful | |||
| Apogee: ~500公里（310英里）? | |||||||
| 14 April 06:40 |
RS-24 Yars
|
Plesetsk
|
RVSN
| ||||
| RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 April | Successful | |||
| 22 April |  Ghaznavi
|
Sonmiani
|
ASFC
| ||||
| ASFC | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 April | Successful | |||
| 27 April 03:37 |
Prithvi-3?
|
INS, Bay of Bengal
|
DRDO
| ||||
| SLTGT-02
|
DRDO | Suborbital | Target | 27 April | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 150公里（93英里）Target for ABM test, successfully intercepted | |||||||
| 27 April 03:40 |
Prithvi-2?
|
ITR IC-4
|
DRDO
| ||||
| PDV
|
DRDO | Suborbital | Interceptor | 27 April | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 120公里（75英里）, successful intercept | |||||||
| 3 May 08:00 |
Black Brant IX
|
White Sands
|
NASA
| ||||
| HYPE
|
University of Arizona | Suborbital | Astronomy | 3 May | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 278公里（173英里） | |||||||
| 8 May | RT-2PM Topol
|
Plesetsk
|
RVSN
| ||||
| RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 May | Successful | |||
| 8 May | R-29RMU Sineva
|
K-114 Tula, Barents Sea
|
VMF
| ||||
| VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 May | Successful | |||
| 8 May | R-29R Volna
|
K-223 Podolsk, Sea of Okhotsk
|
VMF
| ||||
| VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 May | Successful | |||
| 8 May | Ghaznavi
|
Sonmiani
|
ASFC
| ||||
| ASFC | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 May | Successful | |||
| 20 May 17:08 |
RS-12M Topol
|
Kapustin Yar
|
RVSN
| ||||
| RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 20 May | Successful | |||
| 21 May 05:35 |
SM-3-IB
|
Kauai
|
US Navy
| ||||
| US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 21 May | Successful | |||
| Maiden flight of Aegis Ashore Controlled Test Vehicle (AA CTV-01) | |||||||
| 24 May | Black Brant IX
|
White Sands
|
NASA
| ||||
| CHESS
|
CU Boulder | Suborbital | Astronomy | 24 May | Successful | ||
| 2 June | UGM-133 Trident II D5
|
「West Virginia」號SSBN-736 (6), ETR
|
US Navy
| ||||
| US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 2 June | Successful | |||
| Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test ? | |||||||
| 2 June | UGM-133 Trident II D5
|
「West Virginia」號SSBN-736 (6), ETR
|
US Navy
| ||||
| US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 2 June | Successful | |||
| Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test ? | |||||||
| 22 June 18:49 |
UGM-96 Trident I C4 (LV-2)
|
FTG-06b |  Meck
|
MDA
| |||
| MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 22 June | Successful | |||
| 22 June 18:55 |
Ground Based Interceptor
|
FTG-06b | Vandenberg LF-23
|
MDA
| |||
| MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 22 June | Successful | |||
| FTG-06b interceptor, successful intercept | |||||||
| 26 June 11:21 |
Terrier Improved Orion
|
Wallops Island
|
NASA
| ||||
| RockOn
|
CU Boulder | Suborbital | Student experiments | 26 June | Successful | ||
| Apogee: ~118公里（73英里） | |||||||
| 29 June[18] | Hwasong-6
|
Masikryong
|
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
| ||||
|
|
Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 June | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 150公里（93英里）. 1 of 2. | |||||||
| 29 June[18] | Hwasong-6
|
Masikryong
|
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
| ||||
|
|
Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 June | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 150公里（93英里）. 2 of 2. | |||||||
| 2 July 08:36 |
Terrier-Improved Malemute
|
Wallops Island
|
NASA
| ||||
| SubTec-6
|
NASA WFF | Suborbital | Student experiments | 2 July | Launch failure | ||
| Second stage failure after 19 seconds of flight | |||||||
| 9 July 12:00:00 |
Angara-1.2pp
|
Plesetsk Site 35/1
|
VKO
| ||||
| VKO | Suborbital | Test flight | 9 July | Successful | |||
| Maiden flight of Angara rocket family | |||||||
| 9 July[18] | Hwasong-6
|
Hwangju
|
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
| ||||
|
|
Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 July | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 100公里（62英里）. 1 of 2. | |||||||
| 9 July[18] | Hwasong-6
|
Hwangju
|
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
| ||||
|
|
Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 July | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 100公里（62英里）. 2 of 2. | |||||||
| 13 July[18] | Hwasong-6
|
Kaesong
|
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
| ||||
|
|
Korean People's Army Strategic Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 13 July | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 120公里（75英里）. | |||||||
| 14 July | GoFast
|
Black Rock Desert, Nevada, USA
|
CSXT
| ||||
|
|
CSXT | Suborbital | Test spacecraft | 14 July | Successful | ||
| Second GoFast amateur space launch (apogee: 117 km)[20] | |||||||
| 22 July 19:10 |
Black Brant IX
|
White Sands
|
NASA
| ||||
| DFS
|
USC | Suborbital | Solar | 22 July | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 320公里（200英里） | |||||||
| 23 July |  B-611
|
Shuangchengzi
|
PLA
| ||||
| PLA | Suborbital | ABM target | 23 July | Successful | |||
| Target | |||||||
| 23 July | SC-19
|
Korla
|
PLA
| ||||
| PLA | Suborbital | ABM test | 23 July | Successful | |||
| Interceptor, successful intercept | |||||||
| 4 August 14:00:00[21][22] |
 S-310
|
Uchinoura
|
JAXA
| ||||
|
|
University of Tokyo / JAXA / Waseda | Suborbital | Microgravity | 4 August | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 117公里（73英里） | |||||||
| 17 August 10:10:00[23] |
S-520
|
Uchinoura
|
JAXA
| ||||
|
|
University of Tokyo / Hokkaido University / Tohoku University / TPU / Tokai / JAXA | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 17 August | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 243公里（151英里） | |||||||
| 23 August 13:13 |
Terrier-Lynx
|
Wallops Island
|
DoD
| ||||
| Shark
|
DoD | Suborbital | Radar target | 23 August | Successful | ||
| Apogee: ~150公里（93英里）? | |||||||
| 25 August 08:25 |
UGM-27 Polaris (STARS)
|
Kodiak LP-2
|
US Air Force
| ||||
| AHW FT2
|
US Army | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 25 August | Launch failure | ||
| Launch vehicle went off course and was destroyed four seconds after launch | |||||||
| 28 August 09:00 |
Black Brant IX
|
Wallops Island
|
NASA
| ||||
|
|
NASA WFF | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 28 August | Successful | ||
| Apogee: ~350公里（220英里） | |||||||
| 2 September 02:02 |
 VS-30/EPL
|
Alcântara
|
AEB
| ||||
| EPL-ME
|
INPE | Suborbital | Test | 2 September | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 130公里（81英里）? | |||||||
| 9 September | Blue Sparrow
|
F-15 Eagle, Israel
|
IAF
| ||||
| Israeli Air Force | Suborbital | ABM target | 9 September | Successful | |||
| Arrow-2 target, intercept failed, Apogee: ~100公里（62英里）? | |||||||
| 10 September | RSM-56 Bulava
|
K-551 Vladimir Monomakh, White Sea
|
VMF
| ||||
| VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 10 September | Successful | |||
| 11 September 05:41 |
Agni-I
|
Integrated Test Range
|
IDRDL
| ||||
| IDRDL | Suborbital | Missile test | 11 September | Successful | |||
| Apogee: ~500公里（310英里）? | |||||||
| 22 September 13:00 |
UGM-133 Trident II D5
|
Submarine, Pacific Ocean
|
US Navy
| ||||
| US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 September | Successful | |||
| 22 September 13:00 |
UGM-133 Trident II D5
|
Submarine, Pacific Ocean
|
US Navy
| ||||
| US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 September | Successful | |||
| 22 September 13:00 |
UGM-133 Trident II D5
|
Submarine, Pacific Ocean
|
US Navy
| ||||
| US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 September | Successful | |||
| 23 September 14:45 |
LGM-30G Minuteman III
|
Vandenberg LF-09
|
US Air Force
| ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 23 September | Successful | |||
| GT211GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里（810英里） ? | |||||||
| 30 September | Black Brant IX
|
White Sands
|
NASA
| ||||
| VAULT 2.0
|
NRL | Suborbital | Solar | 30 September | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 290公里（180英里） | |||||||
| 7 October 13:10 |
Taiwan Sounding Rocket
|
Sounding Rocket X | Jiu Peng Air Base
|
NSPO
| |||
| NSPO | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 7 October | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 286 km（178 mi） | |||||||
| 12 October 04:27 |
Terrier-Lynx
|
Wallops Island
|
DoD
| ||||
| Shark
|
DoD | Suborbital | Radar target | 12 October | Successful | ||
| Apogee: ~150公里（93英里）? | |||||||
| 17 October 07:08 |
MRBM-T3 ?
|
Kauai
|
MDA
| ||||
| MDA | Suborbital | Radar target | 17 October | Successful | |||
| Medium Range Ballistic Missile Target, Aegis radar target FTX-20 | |||||||
| 23 October 13:33 |
SpaceLoft XL
|
Spaceport America
|
UP Aerospace
| ||||
| FOP-3
|
NASA | Suborbital | Four technology experiments | 23 October | Successful | ||
| Mission SL-9, Apogee: 124公里（77英里）, successfully recovered | |||||||
| 29 October 17:27:00 |
RSM-56 Bulava
|
K-535 Yuri Dolgorukiy, White Sea
|
VMF
| ||||
| VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 October | Successful | |||
| 1 November 06:20 |
RS-12M Topol
|
Plesetsk
|
RVSN
| ||||
| RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 1 November | Successful | |||
| 5 November | R-29RMU Sineva
|
K-114 Tula, Barents Sea
|
VMF
| ||||
| VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 5 November | Successful | |||
| 6 November 19:07 |
Black Brant IX
|
White Sands
|
NASA
| ||||
| RAISE 2
|
SwRI | Suborbital | Solar | 6 November | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 300公里（190英里） | |||||||
| 6 November 22:03 |
Terrier-Oriole ?
|
FTM-25 | Kauai
|
MDA
| |||
| MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 6 November | Successful | |||
| SM-3 Block 1B target | |||||||
| 6 November 22:06 |
RIM-161C Standard Missile 3 Block 1B
|
FTM-25 | 「John Paul Jones」號DDG-53 (6), Pacific Ocean
|
US Navy
| |||
| US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 6 November | Successful | |||
| FTM-25 interceptor, successful intercept | |||||||
| 9 November 04:10 |
Agni II
|
Integrated Test Range
|
Indian Army / DRDO
| ||||
| Indian Army/DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 November | Successful | |||
| 13 November | Shaheen-II
|
Sonmiani
|
ASFC
| ||||
| ASFC | Suborbital | Missile test | 13 November | Successful | |||
| 14 November | Prithvi II
|
Integrated Test Range Launch Complex 3
|
DRDO
| ||||
| DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 November | Successful | |||
| Apogee: ~100公里（62英里） | |||||||
| 14 November | Dhanush
|
Ship, Indian Ocean
|
DRDO
| ||||
| DRDO | Suborbital | Target | 14 November | Successful | |||
| Apogee: ~100公里（62英里） | |||||||
| 17 November | Shaheen-IA
|
Sonmiani
|
ASFC
| ||||
| ASFC | Suborbital | Missile test | 17 November | Successful | |||
| 24 November 08:05 |
Black Brant XIIA
|
 Andøya
|
NASA
| ||||
| C-REX
|
UAF | Suborbital | Geospace | 24 November | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 486公里（302英里） | |||||||
| 28 November | RSM-56 Bulava
|
K-550 Aleksandr Nevskiy, White Sea
|
VMF
| ||||
| VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 November | Successful | |||
| 2 December 04:49 |
Agni-IV
|
Integrated Test Range
|
DRDO
| ||||
| DRDO | Suborbital | Missile Test | 2 December | Successful | |||
| Apogee: ~850公里（530英里）? | |||||||
| 11 December 19:11 |
Black Brant IX
|
White Sands
|
NASA
| ||||
| FOXSI
|
UC Berkeley | Suborbital | Solar research | 11 December | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 338公里（210英里） | |||||||
| 16 December | Blue Sparrow
|
F-15 Eagle, Israel
|
IAF
| ||||
| Israeli Air Force | Suborbital | ABM target | 16 December | Successful | |||
| Arrow-3 target, launch of Interceptor was scrubbed, Apogee: ~100公里（62英里）? | |||||||
| 17 December | Improved Orion
|
White Sands
|
NASA
| ||||
| CTREX
|
DOD | Suborbital | Test flight | 17 December | Successful | ||
| 17 December | Taurion
|
White Sands
|
NASA
| ||||
| Sprint 1
|
DOD | Suborbital | Test flight | 17 December | Successful | ||
| First launch of a Taurion missile, a special low performing vehicle configuration for the development of the Sprint target vehicle | |||||||
| 18 December 04:00:00 |
LVM3
|
Satish Dhawan SLP
|
ISRO
| ||||
| CARE
|
ISRO | Suborbital | Test flight | 18 December | Successful | ||
| First flight of LVM3 (earlier called GSLV Mk III). Sub-orbital test flight with dummy upper stage and ISRO Orbital Vehicle boilerplate [24] Apogee: 125.5 km | |||||||
| 26 December 08:02 |
RS-24 Yars
|
Plesetsk
|
RVSN
| ||||
| RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 26 December | Successful | |||
深空機動
[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容，歡迎參與翻譯。
| 日期 (UTC) | 太空載具 | 事件 | 備註 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 January | Cassini | 98th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,400公里（870英里）. |
| 2 February | Cassini | 99th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,236公里（768英里）. |
| 6 March | Cassini | 100th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,500公里（930英里）. |
| 7 April | Cassini | 101st flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 963公里（598英里）. |
| 17 May | Cassini | 102nd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 2,994公里（1,860英里）. |
| 18 June | Cassini | 103rd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 3,659公里（2,274英里）. |
| 20 July | Cassini | 104th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 5,103公里（3,171英里）. |
| 6 August | Rosetta | Enters orbit of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko | First artificial satellite of a comet. Initial orbit was 100公里（62英里）high and was reduced to 30公里（19英里） until 10 September. |
| 10 August | ISEE-3/ICE | flyby of Earth and Moon | Closest approach Earth: 178,400公里（110,900英里）, closest approach Moon: 15,938公里（9,903英里）. |
| 21 August | Cassini | 105th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 964公里（599英里）. |
| 21 September | Cassini | 106th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,400公里（870英里）. |
| 22 September | MAVEN | Areocentric orbit injection | Preliminary orbit was 380公里（240英里） x 44,600公里（27,700英里）, inclined 75 deg to the equator. |
| 24 September | Mars Orbiter Mission | Areocentric orbit injection | India's first mission to Mars,[25] preliminary orbit was 422公里（262英里） x 76,994公里（47,842英里）, inclined 150 deg to the equator. |
| 23 October | Cassini | 107th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,013公里（629英里）. |
| 28 October[26] | Chang'e 5-T1 | lunar flyby on a free return trajectory | Closest approach: 13,000公里（8,100英里）. |
| 12 November | Philae | Landing on 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko | First soft landing on a comet nucleus. Mission cut short when landing conditions resulted in its solar panels being out of position, depleting the lander's batteries. Data was still collected. |
| 10 December | Cassini | 108th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 980公里（610英里）. |
艙外活動
[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容，歡迎參與翻譯。
| 開始時間 | 持續時間 | 結束時間 | 太空載具 | 乘組 | 備註 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 January 14:00 |
6 hours 8 minutes |
20:08 | Expedition 38 / 39 | Oleg Kotov
|
Installed High Resolution Camera (HRC) on SM Plane IV; installed Medium Resolution Camera (MRC) on SM Plane IV; photographed electrical connectors on ФП11 and ФП19 connector patch panels of SM; removed Worksite Interfaces (WIF) adaptor from SSRMS LEE B;
retrieved СКК #2-СО cassette container from DC-1.[27] |
| 23 April 13:56 |
1 hours 36 minutes |
15:32 | Expedition 39 / 40 | Richard Mastracchio
|
Replaced failed Multiplexer/Demultiplexer (MDM) unit on S0 truss; also removed two lanyards from Secondary Power Distribution Assembly (SPDA) doors.[28][29] |
| 19 June 14:10 |
7 hours 23 minutes |
21:33 | Expedition 40 / 41 | Alexander Skvortsov
|
Installed an automated phased antenna array used for the Russian command and telemetry system, relocated a part of the Obstanovka experiment that monitors charged particles and plasma in Low Earth Orbit, verifying the correct installation of the universal work platform (URM-D), taking samples from one of Zvezda's windows, and jettisoning an experiment frame.[30][31] |
| 18 August 14:02 |
5 hours 11 minutes |
19:13 | Expedition 40 / 41 | Alexander Skvortsov
|
Released Chasqui-1 cubesat into space; installed experiment packages (EXPOSE-R2 biological experiment, Plume Impingement and Deposit Monitoring unit), retrieved experiments (Vinoslivost materials exposure panel, Biorisk biological experiment), replaced cassette on SKK experiment and attached a handrail on an antenna.[32][33] |
| 7 October 12:30 |
6 hours 13 minutes |
18:43 | Expedition 41 / 42 | Reid Wiseman
|
Re-located a failed pump module to a permanent stowage position, installed a back-up power supply for the Mobile Transporter and replaced a light on the robotic arm.[34][35] |
| 15 October 12:16 |
6 hours 34 minutes |
18:50 | Expedition 41 / 42 | Reid Wiseman
|
Replaced failed sequential shunt unit (SSU) for 3A power system, relocated articulating portable foot restraint/tool stanchion (APFR/TS), removed camera port (CP) 7, relocated wireless video system external transceiver assembly (WETA) from CP8 to CP11, installed external TV camera group at CP8.[36][37] |
| 22 October 13:28 |
3 hours 38 minutes |
17:06 | Expedition 41 / 42 | Maksim Surayev
|
Removed and jettisoned Radiometriya experiment from Zvezda Plane II, removed EXPOSE-R experiment protective cover, took surface samples from Pirs extravehicular hatch 2 window (TEST experiment), removed and jettisoned two KURS attennas 2ACф1-1 and 2ACф1-2 from Poisk, photographed exterior of ISS Russian segment.[38][39] |
軌道發射統計
[編輯]按國家（區域）
[編輯]就本章節的主旨而言，每次航太飛行所屬的國家以火箭的原產國為準，而不是發射服務提供商或發射場所在國。例如，西歐亞利安空間公司在南美洲蓋亞那太空中心發射的聯盟號火箭應視作俄羅斯的發射，因為聯盟2號是俄羅斯火箭。
- 中國: 16
- 法國: 6
- 義大利: 1
- 印度: 4
- 以色列: 1
- 日本: 4
- 俄羅斯: 34
- 烏克蘭: 3
- 美國: 23
| 國家（區域） | 發射數 | 成功數 | 失敗數 | 部分
失敗數 |
備註 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 中國
|
16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | ||
 法國
|
6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||
 義大利
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 印度
|
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 以色列
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 日本
|
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 俄羅斯
|
34 | 31 | 1 | 2 | 包括亞利安空間公司從蓋亞那太空中心發射的四次歐洲聯盟號火箭 | |
 烏克蘭
|
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 天頂和第聶伯火箭從俄羅斯發射 | |
| 美國
|
23 | 22 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 總計 | 92 | 88 | 2 | 2 | ||
按火箭
[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容，歡迎參與翻譯。
By family
[編輯]| Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angara | 俄羅斯 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Antares | 美國 |
3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| Ariane | 法國 |
6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Atlas | 美國 |
9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
| Delta | 美國 |
5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Falcon | 美國 |
6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| GSLV | 印度 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| H-II | 日本 |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kuaizhou | 中國 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March | 中國 |
15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | |
| PSLV | 印度 |
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| R-7 | 俄羅斯 |
22 | 21 | 0 | 1 | |
| R-36 | 烏克蘭 |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Shavit | 以色列 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Universal Rocket | 俄羅斯 |
11 | 9 | 1 | 1 | |
| Vega | 義大利 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Zenit | 烏克蘭 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
By type
[編輯]| Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angara A5 | 俄羅斯 |
Angara | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Antares | 美國 |
Antares | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| Ariane 5 | 法國 |
Ariane | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Atlas V | 美國 |
Atlas | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
| Delta II | 美國 |
Delta | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Delta IV | 美國 |
Delta | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Dnepr | 烏克蘭 |
R-36 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Falcon 9 | 美國 |
Falcon | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| GSLV | 印度 |
GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kuaizhou 1 | 中國 |
Kuaizhou | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| H-IIA | 日本 |
H-II | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 2 | 中國 |
Long March | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 3 | 中國 |
Long March | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 4 | 中國 |
Long March | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
| Proton | 俄羅斯 |
Universal Rocket | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | |
| PSLV | 印度 |
PSLV | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Shavit | 以色列 |
Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz | 俄羅斯 |
R-7 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2 | 俄羅斯 |
R-7 | 14 | 13 | 0 | 1 | |
| UR-100 | 俄羅斯 |
Universal Rocket | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Vega | 義大利 |
Vega | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Zenit | 烏克蘭 |
Zenit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
By configuration
[編輯]| Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angara A5 / Briz-M | 俄羅斯 |
Angara A5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Antares 120 | 美國 |
Antares | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Antares 130 | 美國 |
Antares | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Ariane 5 ECA | 法國 |
Ariane 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ariane 5 ES | 法國 |
Ariane 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Atlas V 401 | 美國 |
Atlas V | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
| Atlas V 541 | 美國 |
Atlas V | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Delta II 7320 | 美國 |
Delta II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Delta IV Medium+ (4,2) | 美國 |
Delta IV | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Delta IV Heavy | 美國 |
Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Dnepr | 烏克蘭 |
Dnepr | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Falcon 9 v1.1 | 美國 |
Falcon 9 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| GSLV Mk II | 印度 |
GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | First successful launch |
| H-IIA 202 | 日本 |
H-IIA | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kuahzhou 1 | 中國 |
Kuaizhou 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 2C | 中國 |
Long March 2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 2D | 中國 |
Long March 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 3A | 中國 |
Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 3C/E | 中國 |
Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Long March 4B | 中國 |
Long March 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 4C | 中國 |
Long March 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Proton-M / Briz-M | 俄羅斯 |
Proton | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | |
| PSLV-CA | 印度 |
PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| PSLV-XL | 印度 |
PSLV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Rokot / Briz-KM | 俄羅斯 |
UR-100 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Shavit-2 | 以色列 |
Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2.1a or ST-A | 俄羅斯 |
Soyuz-2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2.1a or ST-A / Fregat-M | 俄羅斯 |
Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2.1b or ST-B | 俄羅斯 |
Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M | 俄羅斯 |
Soyuz-2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz ST-B / Fregat-MT | 俄羅斯 |
Soyuz-2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | |
| Soyuz-FG | 俄羅斯 |
Soyuz | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-U | 俄羅斯 |
Soyuz | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Strela | 俄羅斯 |
UR-100 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Vega | 義大利 |
Vega | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Zenit-3SL | 烏克蘭 |
Zenit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
按發射場
[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容，歡迎參與翻譯。
5
10
15
20
25
30
China
France
India
International waters
Israel
Japan
Kazakhstan
Russia
United States
| Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baikonur |  哈薩克 |
21 | 19 | 1 | 1 | |
| Cape Canaveral | 美國 |
16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | |
| Dombarovsky | 俄羅斯 |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Jiuquan | 中國 |
8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kourou | 法國 |
11 | 10 | 0 | 1 | |
| MARS | 美國 |
3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| Ocean Odyssey |  International waters |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Palmachim | 以色列 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Plesetsk | 俄羅斯 |
9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
| Satish Dhawan | 印度 |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Taiyuan | 中國 |
6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Tanegashima | 日本 |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Vandenberg | 美國 |
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Xichang | 中國 |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 92 | 88 | 2 | 2 | ||
按軌道
[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容，歡迎參與翻譯。
10
20
30
40
50
- Transatmospheric
- Low Earth
- Low Earth (ISS)
- Low Earth (SSO)
- Low Earth (retrograde)
- Medium Earth
- Geosychronous
(transfer) - Inclined GSO
- High Earth
- Heliocentric
| Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not achieved | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transatmospheric | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Deployed into a transatmospheric orbit via low and medium Earth orbits |
| Low Earth | 49 | 48 | 1 | 0 | 14 to ISS (1 failure) |
| Medium Earth / Molniya | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | |
| Geosynchronous / GTO | 28 | 27 | 1 | 0 | |
| High Earth / Lunar transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Heliocentric / Planetary transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 92 | 90 | 2 | 0 |
參考
[編輯]- 中國國家航天局
- 中國探月網
- Encyclopedia Astronautica
- Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
- 日本宇宙航空研究開發機構
- Jonathan's Space Report（SatCat.txt與Launchlog.txt兩項）
- Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
- NASA
- NASA SpaceFlight.com
- Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
- Space Calander (NASA JPL)
- Southwest Space Archive
- SPACE.com Launch Forecast
- SpaceFlightNow
- Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
- U.S. Space Objects Registry
註腳
[編輯]- ^ Krebs, Gunter. Chasqui 1. Gunter's Space Page. [16 August 2019].
- ^ CHASQUI-1. N2YO.com. [16 August 2019].
- ^ Gruss, Mike. USAF weather woes grow as DMSP-19 stops obeying orders. SpaceNews. 3 March 2016 [3 March 2016].
- ^ משרד הביטחון: שיגור הלוויין אופק 10 לחלל - YouTube. YouTube. 10 April 2014.
- ^ KickSat Has Been Deployed in Low-Earth Orbit. arrl.org. 2014-04-19 [2014-04-26].
- ^ KickSat Has Reentered. www.kickstarter.com. 2014-05-14 [2014-09-20].
- ^ В Казахстане второй день отсутствует телерадиовещание из-за проблем на спутнике KazSat-3 [There is no television and radio broadcasting in Kazakhstan for the second day due to problems on the KazSat-3 satellite]. 16 September 2023 [18 September 2023] （kazakh）.
- ^ Failure Review Oversight Board (FROB) Concludes Express AM4R Investigation; Return to Flight Mission Success on September 28. International Launch Services. [9 October 2014].
- ^ Berger, Eric. Mysterious Russian satellites are now breaking apart in low-Earth orbit. Ars Technica. 8 February 2023 [8 February 2023].
- ^ Soyuz Flight VS09: Independent Inquiry Board announces definitive conclusions concerning the Fregat upper stage anomaly. Arianespace. [9 October 2014].
- ^ Sixth Galileo Satellite reaches corrected orbit. ESA. 2015-03-13 [14 March 2015]. （原始內容存檔於23 April 2016）.
- ^ William Graham. ULA Atlas V successfully launches secretive CLIO mission. NASASpaceFlight.com. 2014-09-16 [2016-02-08].
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. Nemesis 1, 2 (PAN, CLIO / P360). Gunter's Space Page. [16 August 2019].
- ^ «Бриз-М» отклонился от задания. Kommersant. 28 October 2014 [15 November 2014] （俄語）.
- ^ Foust, Jeff. Virginia May Seek Federal Funds for Wallops Spaceport Repairs. Space News. 2014-11-21 [2014-12-01]. （原始內容存檔於1 December 2014）.
- ^ KONDOR E. N2YO.com. 22 October 2022 [25 October 2022].
- ^ Russia made its first test launch "Angara-A5". RIA Novosti. 23 December 2014 [23 December 2014].
- ^ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 The CNS North Korea Missile Test Database. Nuclear Threat Initiative. [2025-01-17].
- ^ India Inches Closer to Credible Nuclear Triad with K-4 SLBM Test.
- ^ GoFast. [2016-03-12]. （原始內容存檔於5 January 2009）.
- ^ 観測ロケットS-310-43号機 打上げ結果について. JAXA. 5 August 2014 [5 August 2014] （日語）.
- ^ 2014年度第一次観測ロケット実験の実施について. JAXA. 18 June 2014 [18 June 2014] （日語）.
- ^ 2014年度第一次観測ロケット実験の実施について. JAXA. 18 June 2014 [18 June 2014].
- ^ Late ship postponed Mars mission launch, says official. The Times of India. 17 January 2014.
- ^ Jayaraman, K.S. NASA's Deep Space Network to Support India's Mars Mission. Space.com. 28 June 2013 [2013-06-30].
- ^ The mission. LuxSpace. [11 November 2014]. （原始內容存檔於13 September 2014）.
- ^ Keeter, Bill. ISS Daily Summary Report – 01/27/14. ISS On-Orbit Status Report. NASA. 2014-01-27 [2023-10-19]. （原始內容存檔於2023-10-19）.
- ^ Astronauts Complete Short Spacewalk to Replace Backup Computer. NASA. 2014-04-23 [2014-04-24].
- ^ Pete Harding. Astronauts completed speedy EVA to replace failed EXT-2 MDM. NASASpaceflight.com. 2014-04-23 [2014-04-24].
- ^ Spacewalkers Complete Installation and Experiment Work. NASA. 2014-06-19 [2014-06-20].
- ^ David Štula. EVA-38: Frustration morphs into success during Russian spacewalk. NASASpaceflight.com. 2014-06-19 [2014-06-20].
- ^ Station Spacewalkers Deploy Nanosatellite, Install and Retrieve Science. NASA. 2014-08-18 [2014-08-18].
- ^ David Štula and Chris Bergin. Russian spacewalkers successfully complete science-oriented EVA. NASASpaceflight.com. 2014-08-18 [2014-08-18].
- ^ Wiseman and Gerst Complete First Spacewalk of Expedition 41. NASA. 2014-10-07 [2014-10-08].
- ^ Pete Harding. EVA-27: Astronaut duo complete US spacewalk outside ISS. NASASpaceflight.com. 2014-10-07 [2014-10-08].
- ^ Station Spacewalkers Replace Power Regulator, Move Equipment. NASA. 2014-10-15 [2014-10-15].
- ^ Pete Harding. American duo complete EVA to prepare ISS for commercial crew. NASASpaceflight.com. 2014-10-15 [2014-10-15].
- ^ Cosmonauts Complete Third October Spacewalk. NASA. 2014-10-22 [2014-10-22].
- ^ David Štula. Russian EVA-40 concludes final ISS spacewalk of 2014. NASASpaceflight.com. 2014-10-24 [2014-10-24].
