裂螺科

裂螺科; 化石时期：Triassic至Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	一組Diodora cayenensis的螺殼
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
目：	深海白笠目 Lepetellida
总科：	裂螺總科 Fissurelloidea; Fleming（英语：John Fleming (naturalist)）, 1822
科：	裂螺科 Fissurellidae; Fleming, 1822
模式属
	Fissurella Bruguière, 1789;
属
	見內文

裂螺總科（學名：Fissurelloidea，亦作裂裙螺總科或透孔螺總科），其下只有裂螺科（學名：Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822^[2]，亦作裂裙螺科^[3]、钥孔䗩科^[4]^[5]^[6]^:18或透孔螺科^[7]），是古腹足類支序之下的一個海洋腹足纲软体动物的科^[8]^[9]。本總科的物種因其錐狀螺殼的螺尖上有一個小孔，是海螺的一個特化體。由於整個螺殼的外形就像一條裂開了一條縫的裙襬那樣，所以被稱為裂裙螺。

根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》基本上包括了各種笠螺，覆蓋了原來原始腹足目的大多數物種。

分佈

本科物種的分佈是世界性的，從冰冷的寒帶到熱帶都有其物種存在^[10]。

習性

本科物種一般居住在潮間帶下部深水區的岩面或岩底^[10]。

分類

本科的屬一般可以按四個不同的亞科來分類。這四個亞科除了裂螺亞科以外，原來都與裂螺科一樣同為裂螺總科之下的科，但現時被降級了，併歸本科^[11]。這些亞科分別如下^[12]^[8]：

Clypidinidae A. N. Golikov & Starobogatov, 1989
天蓋螺亞科 Diodorinae Odhner, 1932：由Aktipis S.W., Boehm E. & Giribet G. (2011)把原來的天蓋螺族（Diodorini）升級^[13]。
- Cosmetalepas Iredale, 1924
- 天蓋螺屬 Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821^[14]
- Lucapina G. B. Sowerby I^[15], 1835：分佈於西非大西洋東岸的佛德角
- Megathura Pilsbry, 1890
- Monodilepas Finlay, 1927
边罅螺亚科 Emarginulinae Children, 1834
- Genus Clypidina Gray, 1847
- 边罅螺属 Emarginula Lamarck, 1801：又名鱗䗩屬^[14]
- Genus Fissurisepta Sequenza, 1863
- Genus Laeviemarginula Habe In Kuroda, 1953
- Genus Nesta H. Adams, 1870
- Genus Notomella Cotton, 1957
- 天窗䗩属 Puncturella R. T. Lowe, 1827^[16]^:23
- 笠罅螺屬 Scutus Montfort, 1810^[17]^[18]
- 土加䗩属 Tugali Gray In Dieffenbach, 1843^[16]^:23
- Genus Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
Subfamily Fissurellidinae
Subfamily Fissurellinae
Rimulidae Anton, 1838
Zeidoridae Naef, 1913

但由於現時基於分子分類學的文獻不斷更新，現時普遍不區分亞科現詳列全部的屬。以下為現時屬於本科的屬^[19]^[12]^[20]^[21]：

Altrix Palmer, 1942
Amblychilepas Pilsbry, 1890
Buchanania Lesson, 1830
Clathrosepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
Clypidina Gray, 1847
Cornisepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
Dendrofissurella Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
- 平傘裂裙螺（Diodora cf. mus (Reeve)）^[3]：又名黑斑透孔螺
榖米螺屬 Dentimargo^[20]
边罅螺属 Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
Fissurella Bruguière, 1789
Fissurellidea d'Orbigny, 1841
Fissurisepta Seguenza, 1863
Hemimarginula McLean, 2011
Hemitoma Swainson（英语：William Swainson）, 1840
Laeviemarginula Habe In Kuroda, 1953
Laevinesta Pilsbry and McGinty, 1952
Leurolepas J. H. McLean, 1970
Lucapinella Pilsbry, 1890
Macroschisma Sowerby, 1839
Manganesepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
Medusafissurella Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
Montfortia Récluz, 1843
凸螺屬 Montfortista Iredale, 1929
Montfortula Iredale, 1915
Montfortulana Habe, 1961
Nesta Adams, 1870
Octomarginula McLean, 2011
Parmaphorella Strebel, 1907
Profundisepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
天窗䗩属 Puncturella R. T. Lowe, 1827^[16]^:23
Pupillaea Gray In Sowerby, 1835
Rimula DeFrance, 1827
Scelidotoma Choe, Yoon and Habe, 1992
笠罅螺屬 Scutus Montfort, 1810
Stromboli Berry, 1954
土加䗩属 Tugali Gray In Dieffenbach, 1843^[16]^:23
Tugalina Habe, 1953
Variemarginula McLean, 2011
Zeidora A. Adams, 1860

異名：

Austroglyphis Cotton & Godfrey, 1934: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
Aviscutum Iredale, 1940: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
Capiluna Gray, 1857: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
孔螺屬 Cranopsis A. Adams, 1860：今作天窗䗩属 Puncturella R. T. Lowe, 1827
Cemoria Risso, 1826 [ex Leach MS]: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
Cremoria [Gray, 1842]: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
Elegidion Iredale, 1924: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
邊罅螺屬 Emarginella Pilsbry, 1890^[20]: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
Entomella Cotton, 1945: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
Fissuridea Swainson, 1840: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
Glyphis Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
Legrandia Beddome, 1883: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
Megatebennus Pilsbry, 1890: synonym of Fissurellidea d'Orbigny, 1839
Nannoscutum Iredale, 1937: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
Nesta H. Adams, 1870: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
Notomella Cotton, 1957: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
Parmophoridea Wenz, 1938: synonym of Parmaphorella Strebel, 1907
Parmophorus Blainville, 1817: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
Plagiorhytis P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Montfortula Iredale, 1915
Scutum P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
Semperia Crosse, 1867: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
Sipho T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
Siphonella Issel, 1869: synonym of Montfortista Iredale, 1929
Subemarginula Gray, 1847: synonym of Hemitoma Swainson, 1840
Subzeidora Iredale, 1924: synonym of Emarginula (Subzeidora) Iredale, 1924
Tugalia Gray, 1857: synonym of Tugali Gray, 1843
Vacerra Iredale, 1924: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
Zidora P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860

參考文獻

^ Lindberg, edited by Winston F. Ponder, David R. Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-520-25092-5.
^ Fissurelloidea. ITIS.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 林朝棨. 蘭嶼之貝類及其動物地理. 中國貝誌 (中華民國貝類學會). 1974, 1: 42–63 [2017-01-18]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-18）（中文（繁體））.
^ 潘华璋; 蓝琇. 西沙群岛软体动物 (PDF). 古生物学报. 1998年, 37 (1): 122 [2017-12-23]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-12-24）（中文（简体））.
^ 呂端華. 中國近海鑰孔䗩科的初步研究. 《中國貝類學會貝類學論文集》 1: 208–209. 1983.
^ 齊鍾彥等 (编). 黃渤海的軟體動物. 農業出版社. 1989: 18 （中文（简体））.
^ 国际贝库：钥孔透孔螺. 台湾贝类资料库. [2009-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）（中文（繁體））.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Rosenberg, Gary. Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822. WoRMS. 2010-10-03 [2017-03-03].
^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
^ Bouchet P, Gofas S, Cuvelier D. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O , 编. Fissurelloidea J. Fleming, 1822. MolluscaBase. 2017-12-25 [2025-07-16] –通过WoRMS.
^ ^12.0 ^12.1 Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822. ITIS.
^ Aktipis, S.W.; Boehm, E.; Giribet, G. Another step towards understanding the slit-limpets (Fissurellidae, Fissurelloidea, Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda): a combined five-gene molecular phylogeny. Zoologica Scripta. 2011, 40: 238–259. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00468.x （英语）.
^ ^14.0 ^14.1 施乃普. 綠島小形貝殼. 中國貝誌 (中華民國貝類學會). 1975, 2: 33–46 [2018-08-28] （中文（繁體））.
^ Bouchet, Philippe; Gofas, Serge; Rosenberg, Gary; Mussai, Prakash. Lucapina G. B. Sowerby I, 1835. WoRMS. 2011-11-05 [2017-03-03].
^ ^16.0 ^16.1 ^16.2 ^16.3 张素萍等. 黄渤海软体动物图志. 2016-02 [2020-04-07]. ISBN 9787030471406. （原始内容存档于2022-03-20）（中文（简体））.
^ Scutus. 臺灣生命大百科. [2025-0-18] （中文（繁體））.
^ 譚天錫; 王繼忠; 陳俊宏. 台灣東北角岩岸潮間帶腹足綱和雙殼綱貝類相. 貝類學報 (中華民國貝類學會). 1980, 7: 33–71 （中文（繁體））.
^ Fissurellidae (Keyhole Limpets). [2017-01-17]. （原始内容存档于2010-03-27）.
^ ^20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 Fissurellidae 裂螺科. TaiBIF. [2017-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-27）（中文（繁體））.
^ Suzanne T. Williams. Advances in molecular systematics of the vetigastropod superfamily Trochoidea. Zoologica Scripta. 2012-11-01, 41 (6): 571–595 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1463-6409. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00552.x （英语）.

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延伸閱讀

Sowerby, G.B. Jr. (1862). Monograph of the family Fissurellidae. Reprinted edition (1982). Thesaurus conchyliorum, or monographs of genera of shells. Luis Pisani Burnay: Lisboa, Portugal. 183-206, 9 col. Plates pp.

外部連結

Archerd Shell Collection : Fissurellidae
Murdock, Gordon R.; Steven Vogel. Hydrodynamic induction of water flow through a keyhole limpet (gastropoda, fissurellidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 1978, 61 (2): 227–231 [2010-06-22]. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(78)90102-0.
McLean, James H.; R.N. Kilburn. Propodial elaboration in Southern African and Indian Ocean Fissurellidae (Mollusca, Prosobranchia) with description of two new genera and one new species (PDF). Contributions in Science. September 1986, 379 [2010-07-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2010-07-21）.

[Pond&Lind2008-1] Lindberg, edited by Winston F. Ponder, David R. Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-520-25092-5.

[ITIS_331047-2] Fissurelloidea. ITIS.

[shelldoc_000008-3] 3.0 ^3.1 林朝棨. 蘭嶼之貝類及其動物地理. 中國貝誌 (中華民國貝類學會). 1974, 1: 42–63 [2017-01-18]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-18）（中文（繁體））.

[Pan_1998-4] 潘华璋; 蓝琇. 西沙群岛软体动物 (PDF). 古生物学报. 1998年, 37 (1): 122 [2017-12-23]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-12-24）（中文（简体））.

[shelldoc_420090220032_04-5] 呂端華. 中國近海鑰孔䗩科的初步研究. 《中國貝類學會貝類學論文集》 1: 208–209. 1983.

[shelldoc_420090220138-6] 齊鍾彥等 (编). 黃渤海的軟體動物. 農業出版社. 1989: 18 （中文（简体））.

[shell_3375-7] 国际贝库：钥孔透孔螺. 台湾贝类资料库. [2009-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）（中文（繁體））.

[WoRMS_111-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Rosenberg, Gary. Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822. WoRMS. 2010-10-03 [2017-03-03].

[Bouchet_2005-9] Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.

[Powell-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1

[WoRMS_156486-11] Bouchet P, Gofas S, Cuvelier D. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O , 编. Fissurelloidea J. Fleming, 1822. MolluscaBase. 2017-12-25 [2025-07-16] –通过WoRMS.

[ITIS_69510-12] 12.0 ^12.1 Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822. ITIS.

[Aktipis_et_al_2011-13] Aktipis, S.W.; Boehm, E.; Giribet, G. Another step towards understanding the slit-limpets (Fissurellidae, Fissurelloidea, Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda): a combined five-gene molecular phylogeny. Zoologica Scripta. 2011, 40: 238–259. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00468.x （英语）.

[shelldoc_000027-14] 14.0 ^14.1 施乃普. 綠島小形貝殼. 中國貝誌 (中華民國貝類學會). 1975, 2: 33–46 [2018-08-28] （中文（繁體））.

[WoRMS_224321-15] Bouchet, Philippe; Gofas, Serge; Rosenberg, Gary; Mussai, Prakash. Lucapina G. B. Sowerby I, 1835. WoRMS. 2011-11-05 [2017-03-03].

[Zhang_2016-16] 16.0 ^16.1 ^16.2 ^16.3 张素萍等. 黄渤海软体动物图志. 2016-02 [2020-04-07]. ISBN 9787030471406. （原始内容存档于2022-03-20）（中文（简体））.

[17] Scutus. 臺灣生命大百科. [2025-0-18] （中文（繁體））.

[shelldoc_000102-18] 譚天錫; 王繼忠; 陳俊宏. 台灣東北角岩岸潮間帶腹足綱和雙殼綱貝類相. 貝類學報 (中華民國貝類學會). 1980, 7: 33–71 （中文（繁體））.

[19] Fissurellidae (Keyhole Limpets). [2017-01-17]. （原始内容存档于2010-03-27）.

[TaiBIF-20] 20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 Fissurellidae 裂螺科. TaiBIF. [2017-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-27）（中文（繁體））.

[doi-21] Suzanne T. Williams. Advances in molecular systematics of the vetigastropod superfamily Trochoidea. Zoologica Scripta. 2012-11-01, 41 (6): 571–595 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1463-6409. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00552.x （英语）.

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